We discuss a metric description of the divergence of a (projectively) Anosov flow in dimension 3, in terms of its associated expansion rates and give metric and contact geometric characterizations of when a projectively Anosov flow is Anosov. We then study the symmetries that the existence of an invariant volume form yields on the geometry of an Anosov flow, from various viewpoints of the theory of contact hyperbolas, Reeb dynamics, and Liouville geometry, and give characterizations of when an Anosov flow is volume preserving, in terms of those theories. We finally use our study to show that the bi-contact surgery operations of Salmoiraghi [Surgery on Anosov flows using bi-contact geometry. Preprint, 2021, arXiv:2104.07109; and Goodman surgery and projectively Anosov flows. Preprint, 2022, arXiv:2202.01328] can be applied in an arbitrary small neighborhood of a periodic orbit of any Anosov flow. In particular, we conclude that the Goodman surgery of Anosov flows can be performed using the bi-contact surgery operations of Salmoiraghi [Goodman surgery and projectively Anosov flows. Preprint, 2022, arXiv:2202.01328].

In this paper, we investigate pigeonhole statistics for the fractional parts of the sequence $\sqrt {n}$. Namely, we partition the unit circle $ \mathbb {T} = \mathbb {R}/\mathbb {Z}$ into N intervals and show that the proportion of intervals containing exactly j points of the sequence $(\sqrt {n} + \mathbb {Z})_{n=1}^N$ converges in the limit as $N \to \infty $. More generally, we investigate how the limiting distribution of the first $sN$ points of the sequence varies with the parameter $s \geq 0$. A natural way to examine this is via point processes—random measures on $[0,\infty )$ which represent the arrival times of the points of our sequence to a random interval from our partition. We show that the sequence of point processes we obtain converges in distribution and give an explicit description of the limiting process in terms of random affine unimodular lattices. Our work uses ergodic theory in the space of affine unimodular lattices, building upon work of Elkies and McMullen [Gaps in $\sqrt {n}$ mod 1 and ergodic theory. Duke Math. J. 123 (2004), 95–139]. We prove a generalisation of equidistribution of rational points on expanding horocycles in the modular surface, working instead on nonlinear horocycle sections.

One can describe isomorphism of two compact hyperbolic Riemann surfaces of the same genus by a measure-theoretic property: a chosen isomorphism of their fundamental groups corresponds to a homeomorphism on the boundary of the Poincaré disc that is absolutely continuous for Lebesgue measure if and only if the surfaces are isomorphic. In this paper, we find the corresponding statement for Mumford curves, a non-Archimedean analogue of Riemann surfaces. In this case, the mere absolute continuity of the boundary map (for Schottky uniformization and the corresponding Patterson–Sullivan measure) only implies isomorphism of the special fibers of the Mumford curves, and the absolute continuity needs to be enhanced by a finite list of conditions on the harmonic measures on the boundary (certain non-Archimedean distributions constructed by Schneider and Teitelbaum) to guarantee an isomorphism of the Mumford curves. The proof combines a generalization of a rigidity theorem for trees due to Coornaert, the existence of a boundary map by a method of Floyd, with a classical theorem of Babbage, Enriques and Petri on equations for the canonical embedding of a curve.

Many dynamical systems can be naturally represented as Bratteli–Vershik (or adic) systems, which provide an appealing combinatorial description of their dynamics. If an adic system X is linearly recurrent, then we show how to represent X using a two-dimensional subshift of finite type Y; each ‘row’ in a Y-admissible configuration corresponds to an infinite path in the Bratteli diagram of X, and the vertical shift on Y corresponds to the ‘successor’ map of X. Any Y-admissible configuration can then be recoded as the space-time diagram of a one-dimensional cellular automaton Φ; in this way X is embedded in Φ (i.e. X is conjugate to a subsystem of Φ). With this technique, we can embed many odometers, Toeplitz systems, and constant-length substitution systems in one-dimensional cellular automata.

We consider the problem of the asymptotic size of the random maximum-weight matching of a sparse random graph, which we translate into dynamics of the operator in the space of distribution functions. A tight condition for the uniqueness of the globally attracting fixed point is provided, which extends the result of Karp and Sipser [Maximum matchings in sparse random graphs. 22nd Ann. Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science (Nashville, TN, 28–30 October, 1981). IEEE, New York, 1981, pp. 364–375] from deterministic weight distributions (Dirac measures μ) to general ones. Given a probability measure μ which corresponds to the weight distribution of a link of a random graph, we form a positive linear operator Φμ (convolution) on distribution functions and then analyze a family of its exponents, with parameter λ, which corresponds to the connectivity of a sparse random graph. The operator 𝕋 relates the distribution F on the subtrees to the distribution 𝕋F on the node of the tree by 𝕋F=exp (−λΦμF). We prove that for every probability measure μ and every λ<e, there exists a unique globally attracting fixed point of the operator; the probability measure corresponding to this fixed point can then be used to compute the expected maximum-weight matching on a sparse random graph. This result is called the e-cutoff phenomenon. For deterministic distributions and λ>e, there is no fixed point attractor. We further establish that the uniqueness of the invariant measure of the underlying operator is not a monotone property of the average connectivity; this parallels similar non-monotonicity results in the statistical physics context.

Soit (\Omega,{\cal B},m) un espace de probabilité. À une action T stationnaire de \mathbb{Z}^d est associée une notion algébrique de cocycle de degré \geq 1, le degré 1 correspondant au sens habituel. Celle-ci a été étudiée entre autres par Westman (1971), Feldman et Moore (1977). Une autre notion de cocycle, présentant des analogies avec le calcul différentiel, à été étudiée par A. et S. Katok (1995). Nous présentons un mécanisme de génération associant, à tout cocycle de ce dernier type, un cocycle algébrique de même degré. De plus, toutes les classes de cohomologie algébrique peuvent être engendrées ainsi. Ce résultat a pour conséquence que tout cocycle algébrique de degré \geq d+1 est un cobord. Il permet aussi de montrer que dans la classe des cocycles intégrables, la cohomologie algébrique de degré \leq d n'est pas triviale, alors qu'elle l'est dans la classe des cocycles mesurables dès le degré 2. Enfin, la méthode de génération présentée permet d'obtenir des cocycles algébriques vérifiant les théorèmes ergodiques correspondant à leur degré.

We consider stationary ergodic processes indexed by or whose finite-dimensional marginals have laws which are absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure. We define an entropy theory for these continuous processes, prove an analogue of the Shannon–MacMillan–Breiman theorem and study more precisely the particular example of Gaussian processes.

A parameter $c_{0}\in {\mathbb {C}}$ in the family of quadratic polynomials $f_{c}(z)=z^{2}+c$ is a critical point of a period n multiplier if the map $f_{c_{0}}$ has a periodic orbit of period n, whose multiplier, viewed as a locally analytic function of c, has a vanishing derivative at $c=c_{0}$ . We study the accumulation set ${\mathcal X}$ of the critical points of the multipliers as $n\to \infty $ . This study complements the equidistribution result for the critical points of the multipliers that was previously obtained by the authors. In particular, in the current paper, we prove that the accumulation set ${\mathcal X}$ is bounded, connected, and contains the Mandelbrot set as a proper subset. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a parameter outside of the Mandelbrot set to be contained in the accumulation set ${\mathcal X}$ and show that this condition is satisfied for an open set of parameters. Our condition is similar in flavor to one of the conditions that define the Mandelbrot set. As an application, we get that the function that sends c to the Hausdorff dimension of $f_{c}$ does not have critical points outside of the accumulation set ${\mathcal X}$ .

Moser's celebrated theorem guarantees that every diffeomorphism of a closed manifold can be isotoped to a volume-preserving one. We show that this statement cannot be extended into the contact category: some connected components of contactomorphism groups contain no volume-preserving maps. Thus, the dissipation of volume appears for purely topological reasons. This phenomenon can be considered from different viewpoints: geometric (isometric action of the contact mapping class group on the moduli space of contact forms), topological (action in symplectic homology) and dynamical (propagation of trajectories for symplectic maps). We define a numerical invariant—a contact Lyapunov exponent—which leads to a quantitive version of the above-mentioned result.

We give a complete characterization of the compact metric dynamical systems that appear as boundaries of the canonical compactification of a locally compact countable state mixing Markov shift. Consider such a compact metric dynamical system. Then there is a pair of non-conjugate Markov shifts with conjugate canonical compactifications, one of which has the given compact system as canonical boundary.

We investigate the link between postcritical behaviors and the relations of saddle basic sets for Axiom A polynomial skew products on $\mathbb {C}^2$, and characterize various properties concerning the three kinds of accumulation sets defined by DeMarco and Hruska [Axiom A polynomial skew products of $\mathbb {C}^2$ and their postcritical sets. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.28(2008), 1749–1779] in terms of the saddle basic sets. We also give a new example of higher degree.

Let A be a unital simple -algebra of real rank zero. Given an isomorphismγ1:K1(A)→K1(A), we show that there is an automorphism α:A→A such that α*1=γ1 and α has the tracial Rokhlin property. Consequently, the crossed product is a simple unital AH-algebra with real rank zero. We also show that automorphisms with the Rokhlin property can be constructed from minimal homeomorphisms on a connected compact metric space.

In this paper we study the conformal measures of a normal subgroup of a cocompact Fuchsian group. In particular, we relate the extremal conformal measures to the eigenmeasures of a suitable Ruelle operator. Using Ancona’s theorem, adapted to the Ruelle operator setting, we show that if the group of deck transformations G is hyperbolic then the extremal conformal measures and the hyperbolic boundary of G coincide. We then interpret these results in terms of the asymptotic behavior of cutting sequences of geodesics on a regular cover of a compact hyperbolic surface.

Bishop [2]has given a proof of Birkhoff's ergodic theorem by establishing upcrossing inequalities similar to those of Doob. Such inequalities can be considered as quantitative improvements of convergence theorems: while convergence a.e. means that the number of upcrossings of any interval is a.e. finite, they assert integrability and prove bounds for the integrals. The main point of this paper is to prove upcrossing inequalities for the class of subadditive superstationary processes introduced by Abid [1] as a common generalization of Kingman's [5] subadditive stationary processes and Krengel's [6] superstationary processes. We make use of ideas of Smeltzer [7] who handled the subadditive stationary discrete parameter case in his unpublished thesis. In the continuous parameter case our upcrossing inequality requires more restrictive conditions than the corresponding convergence theorem, due to Hachem [3]. We actually show by example that the number of upcrossings need not be integrable under the assumptions of Hachem even for additive stationary processes.

A classical result in ergodic theory says that there always exists a topological model for any factor map ${\it\pi}:(X,{\mathcal{X}},{\it\mu},T)\rightarrow (Y,{\mathcal{Y}},{\it\nu},S)$ of ergodic systems. That is, there are some topological factor map $\hat{{\it\pi}}:(\hat{X},\hat{T})\rightarrow ({\hat{Y}},{\hat{S}})$ and invariant measures $\hat{{\it\mu}}$, $\hat{{\it\nu}}$ such that the diagram

$$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle & & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$

${\it\phi}$

${\it\psi}$

$\hat{{\it\pi}}$

Let f:Tn→Tn (n ≥ 3) be a hyperbolic toral automorphism. Let A be the set of α > 0 such that there is a Hölder continuous path of index α in Tn with 1-dimensional orbit-closure under f We prove that α0 = sup A can be expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of f and that α0 ∈ A if and only if α0 < 1.

A function which is transcendental and meromorphic in the plane has at least two singular values. On the one hand, if a meromorphic function has exactly two singular values, it is known that the Hausdorff dimension of the escaping set can only be either $2$ or $1/2$ . On the other hand, the Hausdorff dimension of escaping sets of Speiser functions can attain every number in $[0,2]$ (cf. [M. Aspenberg and W. Cui. Hausdorff dimension of escaping sets of meromorphic functions. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 374(9) (2021), 6145–6178]). In this paper, we show that number of singular values which is needed to attain every Hausdorff dimension of escaping sets is not more than $4$ .