Since March2019, successive waves of the COVID-19pandemic have challenged the mental health of frontline healthcare workers, who have been shown in numerous studies to be at increased risk for characterized psychiatric disorders. However, healthcare professionals who were not directly involved in the care of patients withCOVID-19 were often not investigated. In Morocco, the literature dealing with the psychological impact of the pandemic on backline health professionals is still scarce.

The purpose of our survey is to assess the stress, anxiety, and depression of health workers who were not on the front lines of care forCOVID-19 patients.

It is a survey developed on googleforms and disseminated via social networks targeting groups of health professionals in Morocco, during June2020. We used the DASS21 scale(depression, anxiety and stress scale with21 items). The results were analyzed using the JAMOVI application.

out of80 participants: 54%are men, 56%are aged between 31 and 40years old, 38%have been in practice for less than 5years of exercise, 66%are married, 41%are specialists 36%are residents and 21%are nurses, 44% work in psychiatric ward. Psychiatric symptoms: 64%have worries, 64% tired, 63% irritability, 59% sadness, 53% insomnia and 51% somatic complaints. 6.3%report substance use. DASS-21: 50%of participants have depression (7.5%mild, 26.25%moderate, 11.25%severe, 5%extremely severe), 48.75%have Anxiety (7.5%mild, 25%moderate, 8.25%severe, 7.5%extremely severe) and 30%report Stress (8.75%mild, 15%moderate, 6.25%severe, 0%extremely severe).

The high level of job stress during the early months of the pandemic exposed health workers who were not on the front line of care forCOVID-19 patients to an increased risk of psychological decompensation.

No significant relationships.

Type I bipolar disorder (BDI) is characterized by a chronic evolution, with recurrent mood episodes that severely disrupt the overall functionality and quality of patients’ life. An adequate maintenance treatment is necessary to prevent relapses and to improve the functional prognosis of these patients.

To find data regarding the most evidence-based therapeutic strategies in the maintenance phase of BDI.

A literature review was performed through the main electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE) using the search paradigm “type I bipolar disorder” AND “mood stabilizers” AND “antipsychotics” AND “anticonvulsants”. All papers published between January 2000 and August 2021 were included.

The main recommendation is to continue in the maintenance phase the same medication that has proven its efficacy and tolerability in the acute phase. In BDI the most evidence-supported pharmacological approaches for the maintenance phase were lithium, valproate, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine as anticonvulsants/mood stabilizers, as well as olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole as antipsychotics. Lithium and valproate have been associated with positive influence over neuroplasticity, while antipsychotics have considerably higher metabolic adverse events. Monotherapy is recommended, but drugs associations are frequently met in clinical practice. There are no consistent data about the superiority of one class over the other, but lithium has a proven effect of decreasing the suicide rate in this population.

Both anticonvulsants and antipsychotics are used in the maintenance phase of the BDI, without significant differences in the efficacy rates. However, benefits and risks should be weighted for each class and each individual agent recommended.

No significant relationships.

How do medical students, who have self-criticism of being procrastinators of their study obligations, deal psychologically with daily tasks? The experience of procrastination by those who are considered high-performance students involves resources of mental health to cope with guilt, exhaustion, or even self-sabotage. According to MeSH used by PubMed, procrastination is ‘the deferment of actions or tasks to a later time, or to infinity’.

To explore the psychological meanings that medical students attribute to procrastination phenomena to better understand how they handle the usual curriculum overload.

Clinical-qualitative design. Sample of 13 participants closed by information saturation with 2nd, 3rd, 4th-year students. Semi-directed interviews with open-ended questions in-depth. Clinical-qualitative content analysis, free-floating readings with psychodynamic concepts. Results were validated by peers at the Laboratory of Clinical-Qualitative Research.

Emergent categories: 1) between procrastination and despair: the process of stress in procrastination; 2) a proving mechanism: procrastination as an emotional defense; 3) a very delicate rumination: between procrastination and mere delay, an emotional dilemma; 4) this conflict is painful: the confrontation between the desire to comply with tasks with excellence and the enjoyment of life.

Procrastination is reported by students as a source of great tension generated by opposing forces and desires, in which exhaustion is eventually reached. There are emotional contradictions related to guilt for leaving tasks to the last moment and the need to live other things besides doing academic tasks. Procrastination is a message-metaphor. It is important that institutions listen to students to understand what procrastination is saying about them.

No significant relationships.

Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is a cognitive regulation strategy aimed at changing how people think about certain stimuli in order to change their emotional impact. CR strategies have been used in research to try to change eating behaviors and other food-related responses. This study is the first to use a behavioral measurement to examine the effect of CR on food attentional bias (FAB) in people with elevated FAB.

It was hypothesized that CR would reduce FAB. Ninety-five participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: CR, upregulation (UP) or controls (CN).

All participants performed a computerized Visual Dot Probe (VDP) task using food stimuli to measure their FAB before and after the manipulation. The CR group recited five sentences aimed at curtailing the reward of high caloric food. Participants in the UP group recited five sentences aimed at strengthening the reward of high caloric food. The CN group recited five mundane sentences about their day. Participants also self-reported on eating disordered symptomology and BMI.

People with elevated FAB had more disordered eating than people low on FAB. A significant interaction was observed between group and time (pre/post-test), with the lowest FAB levels in the CR group following the manipulation.

CR, a self-administered strategy can be effective in reducing FAB. CR may be an effective strategy for developing resistance to tempting food stimuli and curbing high caloric food intake. Being highly attentive to food cues may contribute to obesity. The attentional bias paradigm can be used to detect early signs of FAB.

No significant relationships.

The age at onset of depression is not only an important clinical predictor of the further disease course, but also a robust marker, reflecting the genetic impact on depression risk.

This study aimed to find whether early-onset depression had an association with specific clinical symptoms, comorbid psychiatric disorders and family history of mood disorders.

This pilot cross-sectional, multicenter study was performed under the supervision of the Russian National Consortium for Psychiatric Genetics. Early-onset depression was defined as the first depressive episode before the median age of onset in the sample (Me=29 years). Logistic regression models were used to determine the independent association of early-onset depression, after adjusting for the effects of sex and age, with binary characteristics.

A total of 172 patients with depression were enrolled in the study (64.5% women; age - 40.9 (15.9) years). Early-onset depression was associated with psychomotor retardation (p=0,025; OR=2,3; 95%CI [1,1 - 4,9]), decreased libido (p=0,014; OR=2,8; 95%CI [1,2 - 6,2]), and lower prevalence of weight loss/decreased appetite (p=0,011; OR=0,4; 95%CI [0,2 - 0,8]). No associations were found with the history of comorbid psychiatric disorders and the family history of mood disorders.

Early-onset depression is associated with specific neurovegetative symptoms. Further clinical and genetic studies are needed to evaluate the specific effects of age at onset of depression on its clinical course.

Research is supported by an RSF grant №20-15-00132.

Certain neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), namely apathy, depression and anxiety demonstrated great value in predicting dementia progression representing eventually an opportunity window for timely diagnosis and treatment. However, sensitive and objective markers of these symptoms are still missing.

To investigate the association between automatically extracted speech features and NPS in early-stage dementia patients.

Speech of 141 patients aged 65 or older with neurocognitive disorder was recorded while performing two short narrative speech tasks. Presence of NPS was assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Paralinguistic markers relating to prosodic, formant, source, and temporal qualities of speech were automatically extracted, correlated with NPS. Machine learning experiments were carried out to validate the diagnostic power of extracted markers.

Different speech variables seem to be associated with specific neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia; apathy correlates with temporal aspects, anxiety with voice quality and this was mostly consistent between male and female after correction for cognitive impairment. Machine learning regressors are able to extract information from speech features and perform above baseline in predicting anxiety, apathy and depression scores.

Different NPS seem to be characterized by distinct speech features which in turn were easily extractable automatically from short vocal tasks. These findings support the use of speech analysis for detecting subtypes of NPS. This could have great implications for future clinical trials.

No significant relationships.

No significant relationships.

Medical students have higher rates of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation over the general population. The onset of these disorders can be a risk factor with unfavorable impact in both medical care and their lives during the years of clinical specialization

To assess the prevalence and factors involved in depression, anxiety and suicidal behavior in medical students of the University of Valladolid (Spain). The results are compared with a previous study conducted 5 years earlier

We used an online self-administered questionnaire that included demographic variables, academic information, sanitary data, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD7), and MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview for suicide. Chi-Square Test was used for categorical variables, Student`s t-test for quantitative variables and Spearman’s Coefficient to evaluate correlations between variables

362 students of all courses enrolled in Medicine at the University of Valladolid completed the survey. There were no differences between male and female students, both with high rates of moderate-severe depression (27% vs 30,4%), anxiety (42,9% vs 54,5%), and moderate-severe suicide risk (14,2% vs 10,7%). Previous study (n=584) also showed no differences between sexes but with lower rates of moderate-severe depression (14,3% vs 16,3%). 11% reported suicidal thoughts in the past month (11,6% previous study). There was a significant inverse correlation between medical career satisfaction and BDI scores

Five years later, rates of depression and suicide risk could have increased in medical students at the University of Valladolid. We urgently recommend the implementation of mental health prevention programs in this population

No significant relationships.

Chronic schizophrenia patients are experiencing persistent and severe illness for more than 15-20 years and are usually suffering from long-term negative symptoms. Cariprazine, a novel D3-D2 partial agonist has been proven to be effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia, however its ability to treat chronic patients has not been assessed yet.

The primary aim of the present post-hoc analysis is to assess the efficacy of cariprazine in treating patients with chronic schizophrenia (late-stage and residual schizophrenia patients).

Data from 3 phase II/III 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with similar design in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia were pooled and patients with more than 15 years of schizophrenia were analysed (late-stage patients). Furthermore, schizophrenia patients experiencing predominantly negative symptoms from a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, fixed-flexible-dose trial with an ICD-10 code of F20.5 were analysed post-hoc (residual patients).

Altogether, 414 late stage (286 cariprazine and 128 placebo) and 35 residual (23 cariprazine and 12 risperidone) patients were identified. The pooled analysis evaluating mean change from baseline to week 6 in the PANSS total score indicated statistically significant difference in favour of cariprazine in the late stage (LSMD -6.7, p<0.01) subpopulation compared to placebo. The mean change from baseline in patients with residual schizophrenia in the cariprazine arm was -9.6 on the PANSS-FSNS scale, while -7.9 in the risperidone arm.

Based on the results, it seems that cariprazine might be a good treatment option for patients with chronic schizophrenia. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to confirm this.

I am an employee of Gedeon Richter Plc.

As publications on social media have become an important regulator of group opinions, moods and psychological well-being during the spread of COVID-19, it seems necessary to study the contribution of various information as a source of preserving the psychological resources of the population.

To analyze the content in communities created during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to assess the image of health professionals on social media.

Using datamining methods, we analyzed publications about medical staff in a large community ‘StopCoronavirus.RF’ which unites more than 400 thousand users.

More than 700 thousand entries were ‘liked’ in the community from March 2020 to March 2021; more than 125000 thousand posts were shared, about 290 thousand comments were written, and all community publications were viewed more than 3 billion times. Publications about medical staff working in the ‘red zones’ in Russia are distinguished by the largest number of ‘likes’ (more than 5000) and comments (more than 300). In the publications and comments, the model of modern heroes saving human lives is emphasized. This type of information contributes to the reduction of anxiety and promotion of psychological safety in case of COVID-19 contraction through establishing confidence in the competence of medical staff and their involvement in the fight against the pandemic.

These results suggest that the image of a doctor on social media during the pandemic has acquired special value for the population. Publications on the work of medical staff in the ‘red zones’ help to cope with anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-04-60174.

No significant relationships.

COVID-19 poses an immense challenge to health systems and societies, associated with a burden of mental health in the population. The pandemic is uncovering treatment gaps in mental health systems, especially in Low and Middle-Resource Countries, as Georgia. The high burden calls for renewed efforts to integrate mental health into Primary Health Care (PHC) to address increased mental health needs of the population. The capacity building of PHC personnel is ongoing since October 2020, according to mhGAP algorithm. Family doctors (FD) are trained in identification and management in priority mental conditions.

The overall aim of the study was to assess the impact of capacity building of PHC personnel. This was an implementation research seeking to understand how effective was the offered capacity building process and what could be lessons learnt.

We employed a mixed-methods process evaluation design utilising a series of instruments specifically designed to provide data for the domains as training/capacity building, service delivery and user satisfaction.

FD were able to identify the most prevalent conditions - Anxiety (74%) and Depression (39%); in 22.8% the comorbidity was recognized. The psychoeducation was the most common method of management used by 72%. In 39.4% FD were able to recommend at least one medicine to their patients. 83.3% of patients reported improved conditions.

The family doctors are able to identify and manage certain mental health conditions after proper trainings and regular supervision. This study has simultaneously identified targets for change within the broader mental health system.

No significant relationships.

Covid-19 does not only have repercussions on the physical level, representing a new way of life, both individually and in society. The pandemic results in invisible consequences for the population’s mental health.

This study aimed to explore the consequences of Covid-19 on mental health in Portugal with a view to understanding and promoting the well-being and happiness of the Portuguese.

The study included 111 young people and adults, aged between 18 and 58 years (M= 21.81, SD= 5.34), with 43.7% males and 52.7% females. A sociodemographic questionnaire was applied to all participants, as well as the Échelle de Mesure des Manifestations du Bien-Être Psychologique (ÈMMBEP; Massé et al., 1998 - Portuguese translation by Monteiro, Tavares & Pereira, 2012) which translates into a response scale 5-point Likert type, with five subscales, including happiness. In addition, a semistructured interview with data collection instruments was administered.

The results obtained demonstrate the negative impact of Covid-19 on the level of well-being, regardless of the participant’s gender or age.

The data presented point to the need to sensitize individuals to the risk of the pandemic in terms of mental health, thus increasing society’s awareness of the psychological effects of this new global disease. Therefore, coping mechanisms are essential to promote well-being and successfully overcome the pandemic.

No significant relationships.

Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common in childhood and adolescence and global estimates suggest they affect 6.5% of individuals under 19 years of age.Yet, there has been a lack of research on time trends and socio-demographic risks for children and adolescents who receive treatment for ADs.

We aim to fill gaps in our knowledge by examining a nationwide sample of Finnish children and adolescents diagnosed in specialized healthcare settings.

We used register data of all singleton children born in Finland from 1992-2006 and diagnosed with ADs from 1998-2012. Changes in time trends in incidence were studied by dividing the study sample into three cohorts by birth years: 1992-1996, 1997-2001 and 2002-2006. The 22,388 individuals with ADs were matched with 76,139 controls. Nested case-control design was used to study the socio-demographic risk factors.

Comparing the 1992-1996 and 2002-2006 cohorts showed the cumulative incidence of treated ADs at the age of 10 increased from 0.3% to 1.2% (females) and 0.46% to 1.9% (males). Subjects had higher odds of being diagnosed with an AD if mothers had low SES (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.42-1.58) and were single parents (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.84-2.15) at birth. Unipolar depression was the most common psychiatric comorbidity (31.2%).

ADs diagnosed by specialized services increased from 1998-2012 in both genders. This could indicate real increase in overall ADs, an increase in seeking treatment or both phenomena. The findings on maternal socioeconomic status and single parenting help improve understanding of environmental risk for anxiety disorders among children and adolescents.

No significant relationships.

Stress caused by childhood adversity (CA) is known to contribute to schizophrenia risk and symptoms. Its effects might be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation (meDNA) within relevant genes, and predominantly influence the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). CYP17A1 is a candidate, as it situates within a schizophrenia risk locus and is involved in glucocorticoid synthesis.

To explore meDNA within CYP17A and its relations to hippocampus- and PFC-dependent schizophrenia symptoms: depression and deficits of declarative memory and executive functions.

We assessed meDNA at each CpG within a CYP17A fragment (chr10:104594471-104595887, hg19) in blood of 66 schizophrenia patients using the third-generation sequencing. Immediate memory, depression, cognitive shifting and cognitive inhibition (CI) were assessed with the RAVLT, PANSS, TMT-B and Stroop word-color test, respectively. ANCOVA and regression models adjusted for sex and age were applied to explore the relations between the phenotypes, local haplotype, meDNA and CA, defined as the presence of parental alcoholism or psychiatric illness.

MeDNA at CpG-SNP rs3781286 correlated with CI (corrected p=0.01). However, there were no main or interaction effects of CA either on meDNA at this site or on CI. Both CI and meDNA associated with haplotype, but subsequent analysis showed that meDNA did not mediate the relation between haplotype and CI.

Our findings suggest that CYP17A associates with PFC-dependent cognitive deficits in schizophrenia but did not support the hypothesis that CA plays a role in this association via meDNA or any other mechanism. Grant support: 21-15-00124/Russian Science Foundation https://rscf.ru/project/21-15-00124/.

No significant relationships.

In human society increased aggressiveness is one of the main social and health problems. Immune cells have a regulatory effect on the central nervous system functions, including regulation of behavior.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of in vitro neuroleptic-modulated immune cells transplantation on behavioral phenotype and brain cytokines in aggressive syngeneic recipients.

(CBAxC57Bl/6) F1 aggressive male mice, developed in conditions of social confrontation, were undergoing the transplantation of syngeneic immune cells with in vitro chlorpromazine-modulated functional activity. Recipient’s behavioral phenotyping was performed using modern hardware and software complex EthoVision XT. The brain cytokines content was assessed by ELISA.

It was found that repeated experience of aggression, accompanied by victories, leads to a change in male mice behavior, which manifests itself by increased motor activity, irritability, severe anxiety, and the appearance of stereotypies. Transplantation of chlorpromazine-modulated splenocytes in aggressive recipient was accompanied by decreased motor activity in the Open Field, increased open arm activity in Plus Maze, reflects anti-anxiety behavior; decreased time spent close to the partition and the total duration of attacks after removal of the partitionin in resident-intruder test, reflects decreased aggressive motivation. Behavioral changes in recipients were accompanied with cytokines brain changes: decreased IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, INFγ in the hippocampus; increased IL-4 and decreased INFγ in the hypothalamus; decreased IL-1β in the frontal cortex.

Chlorpromazine - modulated immune cells have a positive aggressive behavior editing effect being involved in the central mechanisms underlying the development of aggressive reactions.

No significant relationships.

Sleep is essential for an adequate neurobiological functioning, being implicated in several cognitive functions. Even in healthy individuals, sleep deprivation can lead to a number of psychopathological changes, including perceptual distortions, hallucinations and delusions. Thus, the resulting clinical picture may be similar to a psychotic disorder.

To present a clinical case of psychotic symptomatology induced by sleep deprivation.

Patient’s clinical file consultation and literature review using the search engine Pubmed® and the keywords: “sleep deprivation”, “sleep loss” and “psychosis”.

We present the case of a 41-year-old woman with a history of an episode of mood changes with psychotic symptoms that was preceded by a period of total insomnia. No psychotropic drugs since then and no relapses. In May 2020, she was admitted in psychiatry department due to clinical picture composed by significant psychomotor slowing, drowsiness, slowed speech, verbal visual, tactile and auditory hallucinations accompanied by grandiose delusions. These symptoms were preceded by total insomnia with one week of duration. In the hospital was administered quetiapine 100mg and lorazepam 2.5mg to aid in the recovery of sleep deprivation and concomitantly aripiprazole 15mg was prescribed. The patient presented a rapid and significant clinical improvement. Currently, it is without any type of medication and without psychopathological changes.

The clinical picture present in this case report was triggered after a significant period of sleep deprivation. Thus, it illustrates the role that sleep has in the development of psychiatric symptomatology, sometimes difficult to differentiate from psychiatric disorders.

No significant relationships.

During the course of COVID-19 pandemic, The respiratory system is the most commonly affected while many neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease have been observed.

Emphasize the importance of eliminating the diagnosis of covid 19 infection in a pandemic context face to first episode psychosis.

Presentation of case report

A 29-year-old woman unemployed married with no personal medical history and with psychiatric family history. She wasn’t exposed to subject with covid 19 in her family circle. She was admitted in psychiatric care for acute behavioural disorders during five days. On physical examination: she was afebrile, eupneic and tachycardiac. Oxygen saturation was 96% and blood pressure was 100/50 mmHg. Specialized neurological examination was normal and cerebral CT scan was without abnormalities. At the psychiatric interview she was extremely agitated. She was distressed her speech was incoherent. She had auditory and visual hallucinations and a multi-thematic delirium. One day after her admission she died suddenly, the autopsy found positive RT PCR covid test and bilateral basal pneumonia.

In individuals presenting with new-onset psychosis in areas endemic to COVID-19, consideration should be made for neuropsychiatric manifestations of Covid 19 from where the importance to push the explorations and to test the patients.

No significant relationships.

Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It can be defined as a subjective lack of physical and mental energy.

To study the prevalence of fatigue in patients with MS and to determine the factors related to it, including depression.

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, which took place in the neurology department in Sfax (Tunisia). It focused on patients with MS in remission phase. We used the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to determine the degree of disability caused by MS, the Chalder Fatigue Scale to evaluate the fatigue, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess depressive symptoms.

The 93 patients included in the study had a mean age of 36.59 ± 10.69 years. The socio-economic level was low to medium in 52.7% of cases. The EDSS score ranged from 0 to 8 (median = 3.5). The total number of relapses ranged from 1 to 30 (median = 3.5). MS patients had fatigue in 72.4% of cases and depression in 26.9% of cases. Patients with a low to medium socio-economic level were more fatigued (p=0.027). High number of MS relapses, severity of disability on the EDSS, and presence of depression were associated with fatigue (p=0.014, p<10-3 and p=0.001, respectively).

In MS patients, fatigue is a common symptom. Patients with reduced physical activity and greater MS-related disability have more severe fatigue, which negatively affects psychosocial functioning, increasing the risk of depression.

No significant relationships.

Dissociative seizures (DS) are classified as dissociative convulsions within the group of dissociative disorders. Although they share many features with epileptic seizures (ES), they are not a consequence of abnormal brain discharges and may be related to psychogenic causes. DS represent a common diagnostic and are often confounded with ES.

The aim of this study is to review the current evidence about the differential diagnosis between DS and ES.

We conducted a non-sytematic review on the topic, using Pubmed/Medline database.

Studies emphasize a correct diagnosis before treatment of seizures. DS and ES respond differently to anticonvulsant medication and early or incorrect prescription of can even exacerbate DS. Clinical features and a neuropsychiatric history can also help. The presence of a dissociative “stigmata”, such as unexplained sensory loss, may support a non-epileptic diagnosis. EEG videorecording method is the gold standard diagnosis for DS, however often displays rhythmic movement artifacts that may resemble seizure activity and confound the interpretation. The absence of ictal EEG discharges characteristic of epilepsy is a sign of DS. However, this may not be true for some partial ES, particularly those from temporal lobes, whom also tend to report shorter duration of seizures, whereas patients with DPD often describe experiences lasting for hours or longer.

Distinguish DS from ES can be challenging. However, there are features that can help in the differential diagnosis. A correct diagnosis is essential for an adequate therapeutic approach, better prognosis, reduction of medical costs and also a referral to the right medical specialty.

No significant relationships.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) runs in families; however, there are mixed results on the interaction effects of parent’s and child’s psychopathology on parenting qualities. Cognitive/schema therapy is a promising treatment approach for adult ADHD; we know little about the effect of cognitive factors on parenting, however.

We aimed to fill this gap by exploring the role of dysfunctional schema modes in the associations between adult ADHD symptoms, child’s externalizing symptoms, and perceived parental competence in a dimensional approach.

A community sample of parents (N=100, mean age=38.25 years, SD=5.73) filled out online questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), dysfunctional schema modes (Schema Mode Inventory), perceived parental competence (Parental Sense of Competence Scale), and child’s psychopathology (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire).

In a multivariate model, higher levels of parental ADHD symptoms were related to higher levels of dysfunctional schema modes. However, neither the child’s externalizing symptoms nor the interaction term of parent’s symptoms by the child’s symptoms had any effect on dysfunctional schema modes. Furthermore, the child’s externalizing symptoms had a direct negative association with parental self-efficacy beliefs, whereas the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and parental self-efficacy was mediated by the detached and overcompensating dysfunctional schema modes.

Our results suggest that the activation of dysfunctional schema modes is related to the parent’s but not the child’s psychopathology. The activation of dysfunctional schema modes may play an important role in the self-efficacy beliefs of parents with ADHD. Targeting that cognitive factors may enhance the effect of behavioral parent training programs.

This research was supported by National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (NKFIH) OTKA-PD-134849 grant.