As it is well known, diabetes and depression are highly prevalent conditions and affect significantly overall health (Egede & Ellis,2010). This presentation aims to describe the impact of a chronic disease (diabetes) on mental health and its comorbidity with depression. Additionally, it presents the psychotherapeutic process and beneficial effects of coaching on an adolescent patient.

The current study tries to present the comorbidity and interaction between diabetes and depression. It explores the therapeutic path followed, so that the patient could cope effectively with the comorbidity of these diseases and break the vicious circle of sadness that he had been into.

A case study of an adolescent with diabetes is presented. It depicts how the sudden appearance and diagnosis of diabetes led to depressive impasse and cancellation of his dream to become a pilot. The role of coaching is described.

Through monthly coaching the young adolescent discovered his hidden talents and thus he was able to redirect his professional goals and to design a pathway that would lead to the fulfillment of his new life plans. Working closely together with his therapist, step by step, his depressive symptoms were diminished and anti-depressive medication was reduced gradually. Consequently, his diabetes was well regulated, and his overall health was radically improved.

Psychotherapeutic coaching is proved to be appropriate for patients with comorbidity in order to cope effectively with their chronic disease and discover new meaning in their own lives. Last, but not least, self-management skills and diabetes education are required in addition to psychological interventions.

No significant relationships.

The many negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic especially on vulnerable groups like patients suffering from drug addiction have been anticipated by experts early on. While drug consumption patterns of patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST, N=24) seemed hardly influenced at the early stage of the pandemic in Austria, the impact on the mental health of this population remained unclear.

The main goal was to investigate long-term consequences of the pandemic in terms of PTSD and clinical symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among patients in OST between December 2020 and February 2021.

In a cross-sectional survey study (N=123) an adapted version of the impact of event scale (IES-R) was applied to evaluate PTSD symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical symptoms were assessed by the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), and respective changes due to the pandemic were documented. Sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors, as well as data on drug consumption patterns were collected.

A binary logistic regression analysis confirmed the negative long-term consequences of psychological and economic COVID-19 related factors on a higher risk for PTSD due to the pandemic. The high-risk PTSD group also demonstrated higher levels and a deterioration of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms since the pandemic.

Among our sample of patients in OST, 27% were at risk of PTSD due to the pandemic, and 30 to 50% reported concerning levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Health care facilities might use these findings as a valuable source of information, when special attention is needed.

No significant relationships.

Eating disorders are associated with suicidal behavior in adolescents. But the relationship between subthreshold eating disorders and suicidality is not well understood.

To examine suicidal behavior in adolescent girls with eating disorders (ED) and subthreshold eating disorders (SED).

The study of 917 girls aged 12–17 used the Body Image and Eating Distress scale (Koskelainen et al., 2001) and questions about intentional self-harm (burns or cuts), suicidal thoughts and suicidal attempts. Adolescents were divided into three groups: girls with ED (n = 20); girls with SED (n = 88); and control group (CG, n = 809).

Self-harm was reported by 55% of girls with ED, 35.2% of girls with SED and 20.2% of CG girls (χ2 = 15.82, p <0.001). Suicidal ideation was reported by 65% of girls with ED, 51.1% of girls with SED and 27.2% of CG girls (χ2 = 21.86, p <0.001). Suicidal attempts were reported by 45% of girls with ED, 17.1% of girls with SED and 7.5% of the CG. There were no differences in the prevalence of self-harm and suicidal ideation between the ED and SED groups, rates of suicide attempts were 2.6 times higher in the ED group.

Girls with both ED and SED have a high risk of suicidal behavior: 2.7-4.5 times higher rates of self-harm, 1.9-2.4 times higher rates of suicidal ideation, and 2.3-6 times higher rates of suicidal attempts. Management of such adolescents should include assessment of the risk of suicide.

The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant # 21-15-00033.

Chronic pain has a significant impact on individuals’ daily lives, and its control is essential for improving quality of life. In this sense, the practice of Mindfulness is a useful non-pharmacological technique for self-management of chronic pain.

This study aims to identify the level of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of Mindfulness for self-control of pain by people with chronic pain.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 23 adults with chronic pain. The online survey assessed sociodemographic characterization, Brief Pain Inventory, and knowledge/opinion about the effectiveness of mindfulness strategies.

The sample consisted mostly of middle-aged women, with family support, employed and with higher academic qualifications. 47.8% of the sample had experienced pain for over 20 years with the most prevalent diagnosis being fibromyalgia. The average intensity of chronic pain corresponded to moderate pain and the level of acceptance of it was low, interfering in instrumental activities of daily life. Although they had never tried the technique, most of the sample knew what mindfulness consisted of, considering it as a viable option for self-management of chronic pain. Moderate and positive correlations were found between the level of acceptance of pain and greater availability for the practice of mindfulness (rho=.137; p<.001), the same happened between satisfaction with the practice of mindfulness and self-control of pain (rho=.259; p<.001).

Our findings outline the need to include non-pharmacological measures such as mindfulness in therapeutic schemes for chronic pain management, given the manifest interest of this population.

No significant relationships.

The COVID-19 pandemic have had deleterious effects on mental health of students. Authors suggest that the psychological effects will persist long after COVID-19 has peaked, but we have no data to confirm this.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare clinical issues (concerns, anxiety and depression symptoms) and adjustment (coping strategies) in French university students during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 (during two periods of lockdown and two periods after lockdown)

Method: Data were collected anonymously at four timepoints: during France’s first national lockdown (23 April- 8 May 2020; nT1 = 1294); during the period after lockdown (9‑23 June 2020; nT2 = 321); 1 year after the first lockdown, which was also a lockdown period (23 April- 8 May 2021; nT3 = 2357); and 1 year after the first unlockdown, which was also a unlockdown period (9‑23 June 2021, nT4 = 1174). The following variables were measured: concerns, coping strategies, anxiety and depressive symptoms.

In 2021, students have significantly higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms than in 2020, and this is even more pronounced during the lockdown periods. For example, 44.1% had probable anxiety symptoms in the 2021 lockdown, compared to 33% in the 2020 lockdown. In the unlockdown periods, the rates are 21.7% in 2020 and 26.4% in 2021.

Our results suggest that university students, known to be a vulnerable population with significant mental health deterioration, have become even more vulnerable with the COVID-19 pandemic.

No significant relationships.

Gender is a factor influencing characteristics of substance use disorders. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a great impact in all areas of society, meaning a context of exceptionality in this population. Usually the male population represents a greater number of patients in general samples, so the descriptive characteristics of a global sample may not be representative in the case of women.

- Identify if there are changes in the main substance of psychoactive substance use during the Covid-19 pandemic. - Identify possible divergences in characteristics of the general sample with respect to the sample made up of women.

It will be used data collected in the database of patients in follow-up with the addiction consultation service in two periods of 6 months, one prior to the pandemic situation due to Covid-19 and another corresponding to same period in 2020. A descriptive analysis is carried out by applying chi-square statistic, performing the analysis by subgroups according to gender.

84.8% of total sample are men. Results show that there are no statistically significant differences between periods in main substance of consumption. Despite this, differential trends can be observed in the sample that correspond to women with respect to the global sample and that of men.

Taking into account the low number of women that make up the sample, the fact that differential trends are observed could indicate possible differences, which in case of increasing the sample size could acquire statistical significance and that this it would be specific to women subgroup.

No significant relationships.

during the study period (08/02/2021 – 11/05/2021) the Centre of Psychiatry in the Jahn Ferenc South-pest Hospital (CP-JFSH) was one of the two psychiatric wards in Budapest, specialized for the treatment of COVID-19 infected psychiatric patients.

the aim of the study was to survey the characteristics and evaluate the outcome of the COVID-19 infected psychiatric patients treated in the CP-JFSH.

retrospective analysis of the files of COVID-19 infected psychiatric patients admitted to the CP-JFSH in a 3 month period. In addition to demographic data, diagnostic distribution, co-morbidities, date of infection, method of detection of the virus, presence of pneumonia, severity of infection, outcome, treatment, vaccination data were evaluated.

in the study period 124 COVID-19 infected psychiaric patients were admitted to the CP-JFSH. The gender distribution was aproximately equal, the mean age of the patients was 62.8+/-15.7 years. Majority of the patients suffered from major neurocognitive disorder followed by schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Most common co-morbidities were cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Pneumonia was present in 41% of the patients. Majority of the patients were already infected at the time of admission, detected with the first PCR examination and haven’t been vaccinated yet. Thirty-one percent of the patients suffered from moderate to severe COVID-19 illness. COVID-19 specific therapy (favipiravir, remdesivir, fluvoxamin) was introduced in 57%. Mortality was 12% while the relaps rate 4%.

comparing with inpatient mortality rate published in the literature, mortality rate was higher among psychiatric patients, underlining the need for special attention of this population.

No significant relationships.

Unlike sex, the association between gender and high-risk drinking has been relatively understudied in post-secondary students. Gender expression may influence the use of protective coping strategies and beliefs about alcohol.

This study evaluated associations between gender expression, protective coping strategies, beliefs about alcohol, and high-risk alcohol use in post-secondary students.

We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 3,446 undergraduate students at two Canadian universities in October 2017. The primary outcome was high-risk drinking during the previous month, measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score. We evaluated gender expression (masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated), protective coping strategies, and beliefs about alcohol using validated scales. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between gender expression and AUDIT scores.

The most prevalent gender expression was androgynous (35.1% overall), while the undifferentiated role was the least prevalent (17.4% overall). Those who adhered to an androgynous gender role (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.90) were significantly more likely to engage in problem drinking. In addition, greater scores on the protective behavioural strategies scale were associated with reduced odds of problem drinking (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.97) while higher alcohol saliency scores were associated with higher odds of problem drinking (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.13).

Higher protective behavioural strategies and lower alcohol salience beliefs were associated with lower alcohol use. Androgynous gender roles were associated with high-risk alcohol use.

No significant relationships.

Patients with comorbid cocaine and alcohol dependence have a worse prognosis with lack of adherence to follow-up and treatment, frequent psychosocial problems, and higher rates of relapse [1]. Concurrent use of both substances produces cocaethylene, which is associated with more toxicity than cocaine alone [2].

To determine the efficacy of disulfiram compared to nalmefene in the treatment of comorbid cocaine and alcohol use.

A quasi-experimental open study was designed on 41 outpatients, with a follow-up of at least 1 year at the Mental Health Unit, aged between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with cocaine and alcohol dependence (ICD-10). A minimum simultaneous weekly consumption of 2 grams of cocaine and 12 SD (Standard Drink) of alcohol during the month before, described by self-records was established. Treatment with oral disulfiram 250mg/day was assigned to 21 patients, and with oral nalmefene 18mg/day to 20 individuals. Observation period was for 6 months. Urinalysis and alcohol breath test were carried out twice a week. Abstinence was defined by obtaining negative results for at least 4 consecutive weeks. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS v21.0 (significance p<0.05).

61.9% of patients treated with disulfiram achieved a minimum of 4 consecutive weeks of abstinence from cocaine and alcohol, compared to 40% in the nalmefene group (χ²=1.188; gl=1; p=0.276). There were no significant differences.

Disulfiram or nalmefene monotherapy seems clinically ineffective or insufficient in reducing the combined use of cocaine and alcohol. Further research is needed to assess the effect of both drugs simultaneously.

No significant relationships.

Postpartum Psychosis is an underdiagnosticated psychiatric condition that may be suffered by mothers within a year since delivery. It is a severe syndrome in which symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations and disorganized thinking may appear. The traditional approach of admitting the mothers separated from their children has shown harmful consequences. This has led to the creation of Mother-Baby Units (MBU), psychiatric admission units dedicated to full-time housing mothers and their babies.

To evaluate the evidence available regarding the potential benefits of MBU not only for the mothers, the babies, but for the mother-baby bond. To analyse postpartum psychosis risk factors and prognosis.

A thorough review of scientific literature and databases regarding postpartum psychosis and MBU has been carried out. Additionally, international mental health care guidelines for perinatal mental disorders were analysed.

A wide range of related aspects were studied for the present work, including characteristics of the patients, differences in the self- assessment scales of depression, anxiety, postpartum attachment of the mother to the baby at admission and at discharge and the work and social adaptation. Other studies analysed the percentage of mother-baby separation at discharge, as well as the most frequent delusions, and the potential effect of childhood trauma on these patients.

The available evidence suggest that MBU may be helpful for the improvement of the mental health in women suffering perinatal mental disorders and for the building of a secure attachment style in the baby. The results of the interventions included in MBU programs also show promotion of a positive mother-baby relationship.

No significant relationships.

Waiting times for gender identity services, even before the Covid-19 pandemic, have been a cause of concern. Despite the waiting time standard for planned elective care in the NHS being a maximum of 18 weeks, the average waiting time for a first appointment with a gender identity clinic is 18 months. This study aims to analyse the effect that these timings have on the transgender community, and whether they impact the risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety.

This study’s main aim is to analyse the correlation between waiting times and mental health burden in the transgender community.

A literature review and analysis on a transgender individual’s mental health and waiting times for Gender Identity Clinics; looking at any key themes and conclusions. Research papers were taken from MEDLINE, The International Journal of Transgender Health, Oxford Academic, SpringerLink and Emerald Insight, with studies publishing date ranging from 2014 – 2021.

The transgender population were found to have higher rates of suicidal ideation, depression and self harm compared to the general population. Longer waiting times were found to contribute to feelings of low mood and suicidal ideation, as well as decreasing overall quality of life.

Longer waiting times can decrease a transgender individual’s quality of life and impact their overall mental wellbeing: especially with the impact of COVID-19 and the rise in referrals.

No significant relationships.

Pathological gambling consists of a persistent and maladaptive pattern of gambling behavior, that often leads to significant adverse psychosocial and financial outcomes. It is currently classified as an “Impulse Disorder” on ICD-10 but the DSM-5 moved this diagnosis from “Impulse-Control Disorders” to “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders” section[1]. Behavioral addictions, especially pathological gambling, share many features with substance dependences, namely clinical findings and behavioural patterns, comorbidity with psychiatric disorders, genetic factors and family history, neurobiology, natural history and response to treatment[2].

To study the impact of substance abuse in patients with pathological gambling.

Literary review, using PubMed database search, regarding substance abuse and pathological gambling.

57,5% of individuals with pathological gambling also present with some form of substance use[3].There was also a large percentage of patients presenting with nicotine dependence (60,1%) and a fourfold increase in the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder[3]. Individuals with substance use disorders also show a threefold risk of developing pathological gambling and substance use appears to negatively influence gambling behaviours in this population. Gambling habits in adolescents have been linked to an increased risk of current and lifetime drug use of multiple substances[4]. Other psychiatric comorbidities were also frequent in this population: 37.9% of patients presented with mood disorders and 37.4% with anxiety disorders[3].

There is a significant clinical and neurobiological overlap between substance use disorders and pathological gambling. Individuals with pathological gambling have a high prevalence of substance use disorders and an increased lifetime risk of substance use, which negatively influences gambling behavior.

No significant relationships.

Over last decades convincing evident data was accumulated about the positive correlation of religious involvement and better mental health in depression, substance abuse, suicide, stress-related disorders and dementia. The studies of the impact of religion on patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders are still insufficient and controversial.

To investigate the impact of the religious coping strategies in patients with schizophrenia and shizoaffective disorder with focus on resolution and quality of remission in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

The pilot 1 year study covers 68 orthodox (group 1) and 55 unbeliever (group 2) outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in remission on the maintenance therapy in FSBSI MHRC. The groups matched in age (18-60 y.o.), gender, treatment. The orthodox group received religious coping therapy. Number of relapses, remission quality (PANSS), quality of life (QLS), compliance (MARS) were measured 3 times (baseline visit, 6, 12 months). Statistical analysis (regression and correlation) was applied.

Religious coping strategies proposed by Paragment K. (2013) were applied considering the peculiarities of value-semantic structures and selected religious values of the patients as important rehabilitation resource (Kopeyko et al, 2016). Group 1 demonstrated statistically significant better remission at 12-months point – better subjective well-being, social/functional outcomes, higher adherence to medication, less relapses, less psychotic symptoms.

Religion contributes to acquire adaptive functions as the meaning of life, sense of hope, spiritual comfort, supports the overcome the disease burden. Religious coping is an important tool for rehabilitation and preventing the relapses in patients with schizophrenic disorders.

No significant relationships.

The term “personalised therapy” refers to the use of genetic data to better treat or determine the predisposition to a specific genetic disease, with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life. Telepsychiatry and AI are key to support it..

Determine benefits of pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) in CNS diseases regarding: - cost effectiveness - adverse drug reactions - reduced hospitalizations -drug interactions - efficacy - quality of life - “trial and error” approach avoidance

Questionnaires before and after the treatment provided using PGX tests Telepsychiatry for consultation along face to face sessions were conducted. Artificial intelligence in data analyses

Benefits of pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) in CNS diseases: - cost effective savings - prediction and prevention of adverse drug reactions - reduced hospitalization due to ineffectiveness of medication - reduced risk of drug interactions - more effective treatments - better quality of life for the patient - with the analysis (PGx) the “trial and error” approach is avoided

In a number of studies in patients with mental disorders, pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) has led to an increase in both clinical response and remission, better tolerated treatments, fewer side effects, and reduced treatment costs. In conclusion, pharmacogenomic analysis is ideal for patients with CNS diseases: a) Not responding to treatment b) Who in their history have many relapses and hospitalizations c) They show serious side effects d) Who do not comply with the treatment e) Taking many medications and suffering from serious illnesses f) Who are wary of taking psychotropic drugs

No significant relationships.

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a deleterious impact on populations across the world. Yet it remains unclear how this pandemic is affecting the psychological health of people with a previous history of mental illness.

This study aims to investigate the impact of Covid-19 on patients with established mental disorders.

The PubMed and science direct databases were systematically searched using the keywords combination “Covid-19” and “psychiatric disorders”, “the pandemic” and “mental disorders “, from inception up to November 2021. We adopted a broad inclusion criterion for the study requiring patients to have a pre-existing mental disorder, excluding narrative reviews and preclinical studies. In addition, a search of google scholar was conducted to identify any additional relevant publications.

We have found 26 studies but only 19 met our inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 2020 and 2021. 2 major results were identified. Symptoms deterioration was reported in individuals with severe mental disorders and those with schizophrenia in particular, such as depressive or anxiety symptoms, substance use and suicidal ideation, due to the psychological stress and physical distancing measures associated with the Covid-19 outbreak. The symptomatic treatments used in Covid-19 had frequent interactions with the most used antipsychotic drugs leading to a substantial increase in relapse rates in people with mental disorders.

The Covid-19 pandemic has a serious impact on individuals with pre-existing mental illness reinforcing symptom severity and psychological stress. Additional studies are needed to strengthen current findings with pre-pandemic records.

No significant relationships.

Hikikomori represents the severe social withdrawal condition of the so-called ‘modern type-depression” (MTD). Digital addictions, including Internet addiction (IA), Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and smartphone addiction, have been associated with MTD and Hikikomori.

This is a post-hoc study aimed at assessing digital addictions in a cohort of university students with a positive screening for MTD and Hikikomori.

A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted by administering the Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-11), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) and the Smartphone addiction scale-Short Version (SAS-SV).

Among 1,148 respondents, a significant association was found between the HQ-11 scale and the DASS-21 total score (r=0.434). The HQ-11 positively correlated with IAT, IGDS9-SF and SAS-SV (r=0.329; r=0.292 and r=0.205 respectively).

Digital addictions appear to be widely diffuse among university students positive to the Hikikomori and MTD screening. Further longitudinal studies are needed to weight and balance the potential consequences of digital tools in Hikikomori subjects.

No significant relationships.

The Social media have gained tremendous popularity over the past decade, these sites have occupied a major part of people’s lives, especially young people. Many teenagers use tik tok, instagram, snapchat and facebook, to build relationships, connect with the world, share and acquire knowledge and information, and build their personalities, their effects are not limited. to that, comparisons made using social networking sites have led people to have a drop in self-esteem, with all the complications that can cause (anxiety disorders, depression and the anxiety disorder , etc.)

Assessment of the impact of social media on the self-image, of young subjects in the Moroccan context

Cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical aim, using a questionnaire and a satisfaction scale to assess the impact of social media on the self-image of young subjects in the Moroccan context. bibliographic research to objectify several studies on this subject

our results are close to the results of the literature. Sample of 200 young peoples was selected based on the confidence level of 80%. In order to test the hypothesis each respondent was given a questionnaire which tested their selfesteem and enquired the amount of time they spent on Facebook, instagram, tik tok, snapchat.

social networks are a way to communicate information, ideas of ways of life. this communication includes harmful effects on the social behavior of young people

No significant relationships.

Alcohol and (illicit) substance abuse are among the most common psychiatric disorders within the general population and their impact can not be underestimated. Reputedly for these disorders, there is a large treatment gap and treatment delay, i.e. large numbers of afflicted individuals never receive appropriate treatment and if they do so often many years after the onset of the disorder. The Covid19 pandemic has only aggravated these gaps. In many countries, due to the Covid 19 pandemic and its associated restriction measures telepsychiatric tools have become increasingly implemented (and funded) as regular parts in the possibilities in delivering interventions. With respect to substance abuse treatment, a vast body of research already showed promises both in the field of telepsychiatry as broader the use of digitalization (e.g. the use of virtual reality designed treatment interventions, digital monitoring). In the current presentation, an overview will be presented of both telemental health interventions and digital tools/interventions in the field of substance abuse treatment.

No significant relationships.

Neurocognitive deficits amongst patients with schizophrenia are considered one of schizophrenia’s central features. These deficits appear to be present from the first episode of psychosis (FEP) and certain cognitive impairments could be components of a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Regarding research on cannabis and cognition in schizophrenia, different studies have assessed neurocognitive functions: memory, attention/vigilance, processing speed, verbal learning, executive functions, and verbal fluency.

The aim is to do a review of recent findings concerning the association of cannabis use with cognition in schizophrenia.

A literature review was conducted using the PubMed search database.

Patients with schizophrenia and concomitant cannabis use are associated with worse performance in immediate verbal learning, and in some studies with worse working memory performance. There is an improvement of verbal memory when they cease the cannabis’ consumption. Regarding attention capacity and memory types assessed, the results are controversial. In FEP, heavy cannabis use during the previous year correlates with slower processing speed. Also, FEP-patients with cannabis use but no family history of psychosis perform worse in executive functions, while those with a family history of psychosis perform better.

The studies of psychosis, cannabis and cognition differ in relevant aspects, which might be connected to the result variability. Therefore, before solid conclusions can be reached, it is important to carry out longitudinal studies to understand the changes in the cognitive variables, which can depend on the pattern of cannabis’ use (concurrent or prior to the FEP). Possible confounding variables that might be present should be acknowledged.

No significant relationships.

In Romania, the first case of COVID-19 was detected on 26 February 2020 and the number of cases has been rising afterward.

The goal of this study was to assess anxiety and resilience regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyse possible protective measures and risk factors.

This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected March and April 2021. Participants filled in the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.

The sample consisted of 440 participants who presented to the general practitioner (female-65.7%) and the most representative age group was 35-64 years old; 18.4% of the participants stated that they were infected; 56.6% reported that they do not know anyone in their entourage who was infected/ has died of COVID-19 (group A), 32.9% knowing people with an infection in their close social environment (group B) and 10.5% had close people who died (group C). Almost half of the respondents (49,3%) scored above the cut-off point of the anxiety index (mild 38.6%, moderate 9.9%, severe 0.8%). As we expected, there is a strong negative correlation between anxiety levels and resilience (Pearson Correlation=-.551, p<0.01). If groups A and B had similarities regarding anxiety levels (44.97 and 44.23), those knowing someone who died of COVID-19 (group C) had a higher anxiety level (47.81%) (p<0.05).

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused an understandable surge in anxiety among the general population. Low level of resilience is predictive of the phenomenon of having high anxiety in the face of the death of others.

No significant relationships.