The mild encephalitis hypothesis(ME) ( Bechter 2001, NPBR; updated Bechter 2013,Progr NP&BP) proposed that mild neuroinflammation triggered by infections, autoimmunity, trauma or toxicity (including from stress) might causally underly a spectrum of severe mental disorders (SMDs), especially disorders of the schizophrenic and affective spectrum.

The development from ME hypothesis to the new diagnoses of Autoimmune Psychosis (AP) and a subgroup of Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE) and beyond into future research is reviewed and discussed.

Expert review

The subgroup of AE with exclusive or predominant psychiatric symptoms ( compare Graus et al 2016) and all cases of AP ( Pollak et al,Lancet Psychiatry 2020) match the previous poposed ME criteria. AE and AP can now successfully be treated in majority of cases by immune modulatory treatments. These new insights challenge both, the implementation of diagnosis and treatment into clinical reality and forthcoming research on the causality underlying severe mental disorders (SMDs). CSF studies showed in 50-70% of therapy resistant cases of affective and schizophrenic spectrum disorders some abnormalities compatible with mild neuroinflammation ( Bechter et al 2010, J Psych Res), recently confirmed in large patient samples from various university hospitals in Germany ( Endres et al 2018 aso., Rattay et al 2021, aso.).Also post mortem findings are compatible with ME hypothesis in a larger subgroup of SMDs. Open questions of new clinical categorization by refined grading of mild neuroinfalmmation by improved diagnostic methods appear increasingly required, which will be discussed ( Bechter Frontiers Psychiatry 2020).

Mild neuroinflammation appears causally involved in SMD

No significant relationships.

The COVID-19 pandemic led governments to take a number of restrictive measures, which had an impact on the consumption of psychoactive substances among the world population.

The present study, carried out by the Addictology Center of Ar-razi Hospital in Salé, aimed to evaluate the behavior of addicted patients followed in ambulatory care, during the Covid-19 pandemic.

We conducted a cross-sectional study with 128 patients, through a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic factors, psychiatric history, type and quantity of substances used during the pandemic, and withdrawal attempts.

The primary substance used was tobacco, followed by Cannabis, alcohol, hypnotics, and then Cocaine.

63% of patients reported an increase in their consumption during the pandemic, 64% started new substances, mainly Cannabis, followed by organic solvents.

The monthly amount spent by our patients varied from 300 to 40,000 dhs/month, the source of this amount was legal in 92.2% of the cases, 43.8% had already been incarcerated or taken into custody as a result of this consumption.

78% of our patients had already tried to wean themselves off the drug, but only 39% were able to succeed.

The pandemic had a profound effect on the incidence of substance use.

Confining the population has indeed reduced the transmission of the virus, but it is far from harmless for the mind.

No significant relationships.

About a decade ago, the idea of a Late-Onset Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (LO-PTSD) emerged, in order to characterize the later-life emergence of symptoms related to early-life warzone trauma among aging combat Veterans.

This paper provides a review of the changes happened during the onset of a late form of PTSD and how can mental health professionals intervene.

Review of the literature from 2015 to present, using search engines such as Pubmed and Google Schoolar, using the following keywords: Late-Onset Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, triggers, prevention, intervention

At first, there was hypothesized that aging-related challenges (role transition and loss, death of family members and friends, physical and cognitive decline) might lead to increased reminiscence, and possibly distress, among Veterans who had previously dealt successfully with earlier traumatic events. However, recent studies have proposed that in later life many combat Veterans confront and rework their wartime memories in an effort to find meaning and build coherence. Through reminiscence, life review, and wrestling with issues such as integrity versus despair, they intentionally reengage with experiences they avoided or managed successfully earlier in life, perhaps without resolution or integration. This process can lead positively to personal growth or negatively to increased symptomatology.

Therefore the role of preventive intervention in enhancing positive outcomes for Veterans who reengage with their wartime memories in later life should be reconsidered.

No significant relationships.

The DiSCoVeR trial is a multi-site, double-blind, sham controlled, randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the feasibility and efficacy of an innovative, self-applied treatment approach for patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). The treatment approach incorporates non-invasive brain stimulation, i.e. prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and a videogame designed to enhance emotional cognitive control. This treatment is aimed to be applied at home and monitored remotely.

In this study we are looking at the first 10 single-site patients and comparing expected in person visits (according to the study protocol) versus actual in person visits as well as looking at the patients initial view of the therapy using the therapy evaluation form (CEQ) submitted after the 5th session.

Before continuing to self-administer the treatment at home patients undergo supervised training, during clinic visits, for up to 5 sessions. At the end of the 5th session, they are asked to fill out a therapy evaluation form (CEQ).

Patients needed on average 2.3 in person training sessions before continuing the intervention remotely. Nine patients completed CEQ. Results show that on average patients thought that this course will be 4.78 (with probability 95% CI 4.74 to 4.82) points successful at raising their level of functioning and thought that their functioning will have increased on average by 37.8% (CI 37.2% to 38.4%) by the end of the study.

Patients needed less than half of planned in person training visits. Most patients felt like they will gain some improvement from this intervention.

No significant relationships.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how quickly and drastically everyday life can change in extreme situations.

To investigate how external factors can affect human health – mentally and physically – and what indicators herald the proximity to a critical upheaval.

Using theories from theoretical physics and psychology, researchers from Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology will observe emotional reaction via an ‘infinitesimal stimulus’ (f) to an image that gives the ‘infinitesimal displacement’ (d). While both the stimulus and the reaction are chosen to be small – and hence keep a person well within their emotional stability – the ratio (d/f) provides us a quantitative measure of the individual’s susceptibility i.e. reaction sensitivity. Over a six-month phase, we hope to correlate the individual susceptibility with the person’s general emotional state and to define a threshold reaction to indicate a person’s proximity to an emotional instability. Semi-structured interviews of extreme cases give us further insight into correlations between emotional states and susceptibility.

If an increased susceptibility in an individual actually precedes a long-term change in mood, then regular susceptibility measurements can be used, for instance, to detect depression at an early stage. We are particularly curious to observe the extent to which models from physics can be applied to society and the individual.

The final output is to integrate practical implementation aspects into the medical curricula in a transdisciplinary manner. If possible, a formula for understanding health stability should be formulated that would be highly innovative for the medical field.

This study is funded by the Heidelberg Academy for Sciences and Humanities.

A growing body of literature has documented that occupational stress is associated with increased risks of musculoskeletal injuries or symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of occupational stress on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among workers in a Tunisian footwear industry.

Material and methods: This was an exhaustive and cross-sectional study including workers in a footwear industry. Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed using a modified Nordic questionnaire. We used the Job Demand/Control model of Karasek to measure occupational stress. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method was used as an ergonomic risk assessment tool. Data were analysed using R software.

A total of 337 workers participated in the survey (the age range: 18-60 years). A total of 83.7 of workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms at one site or more. Elbows and upper back were the most symptomatic sites in respectively 84% and 65%. We noted job-strain and iso-strain situations in respectively 57% and 32%. In 78.1% of the workers studied, the QEC score was high and very high in 21.9%. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model showed that iso-strain situation was associated with the number of symptomatic sites (p= 0.0003, OR=1.34), having musculoskeletal symptoms in elbows (p= 0.03, OR=2.33) and upper back (p=0.009, OR=2.40), and the final QEC score (p= 0.018, OR= 1.04).

Occupational stress constitutes a significant risk for this leather industry. It is associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the workplace and with work-related biomechanical exposure.

No significant relationships.

The research field of disability and mental health is politically and socially relevant, because the psychological well-being of people with intellectual disabilities has often been trivialized in therapy and legislation. Since the pursuit of mental health is coming into focus due to removal of stigma and emerging awareness, people with disabilities must have equal opportunities to choose their place of residence and get suitable psychosocial support.

Our aim is to investigate the influence of assisted outpatient treatment (AOT) on the quality of life and resilience of people with intellectual disabilities who are living self-determined.

A participatory mixed-methods design is chosen as it enables the greatest possible standardization and allows a high flexibility. The project will be divided into three parts: A systematic literature search to gain knowledge about the field and to estimate the sample size, a pre-post-comparison of the WHOQOL-BREF to evaluate AOT in terms of self-perceived quality of life and a focus-group of handicapped people to reflect the study results with attention on resilience.

To foster the doctoral thesis, several questions can be discussed: 1) How is the relation of disability and mental health to be described? 2) What might be the pros and cons of self-determined living? 3) Which steps need to be taken to implement AOT more often?

The topic is relevant in the public health sector and the results could help to sensitize professionals and the general society regarding to participation in everyday life. The recommendations developed may serve to implement comparable forms of housing.

No significant relationships.

Public health authorities around the world have been disseminating messages to support mental health and psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Portuguese guidelines, we have developed the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic (ASR-MH-COVID19) to better understand this health behaviour.

To analyse the relationship between sociodemographics, personality traits, Adherence (to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic) and psychological distress.

413 individuals (69.2% female; mean age=31.02±14,272) completed an on-line survey, in September-December 2020, including sociodemographic questions, ASR-MH-COVID19, NEO-FFI-20 and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Health Perception Scale.

Adherence scores did not significantly differ by gender, age and years of education. Women presented higher DASS and Neuroticism scores (p<.01). Adherence were negatively correlated with Neuroticism (r=-.247) and with Depression/Anxiety/Stress (all r».-200), positively with Openness to Experience (r=.174), Conscientiousness (r=.194) and Perceived Health (Physical, r=.173 and Psychological, r=.215) (all p<.01). Mediation analysis (Hays’ Macro Process - Model 4) revealed that Adherence is a partial mediator between Openness and DASS and Conscientiousness and DASS; when considering Neuroticism, only the direct effect was significant. The effect of Perceived Health (both Physical and Psychological) on DASS was also mediated by Adherence.

The Health Behaviour Model proposes a pathway linking personality and health that applies to these results about adherence and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and perceived health (also a trait) influence both adherence to mental health behaviours and psychological distress. Understanding personality is vital for health care providers.

No significant relationships.

Working in COVID – 19 Health Care Units – Psychological impacts (PTSD, Depression, Anxiety Disorders) Working in the frontline during COVID-19 has put under extreme psychological and physical pressure the health care workers. The severe psychological symptomps can emerge on short, mid and long term as well. Our research is focusing on the psychological impacts of front line health care workers.

In our lecture, we summarize our reserach made in the National Traumatology Center, Budapest, Hungary among health care workers who worked in the front and in the second line during the most severe period of the pandemic in Hungary, and discuss probable risk factors for PTSD and chronic psychological distress related to COVID-19. Furthermore we make an overview on the most frequently used coping skills for dealing with the psychological stress caused by the pandemic among the health care workers. The sample taking was processed in July 2021, after 3 month the 3rd COVID – 19 wave officially ended in Hungary.

123 health care workers completed the online survey anonimously, included Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger Anxiety State Inventory, PTSD Checklist, Lazarus Coping Scale.

23% of HCW reported symptomps of depression, nearly 25% dealing with sleeping disorders and 38% with chronic fatigue, 42,50 % HCW suffering from anxiety disorders, 22% HCW experiencing symptomps of PTSD.

With our results we would like to raise awareness of the challenges and severe psychological consequences that these colleagues, our national heroes we can say, are facing after working in COVID-19 Health Care Units.

No significant relationships.

Clozapine is widely known as the drug of choice in treating refractory schizophrenia. However, clozapine prescription requires close clinical and biological monitoring to prevent harmful side effects like agranulocytosis, neutropenia and myocarditis.

To show the benefits of lithium carbonate in the clozapine rechallenge of a patient with neutropenia under clozapine.

We present the clinical case of a patient who developed neutropenia under clozapine, we rechallenged with clozapine after lithium treatment to stimulate hematopoietic functions.

A 42-year-old man diagnosed with refractory schizophrenia, under clozapine for 11 years with a good clinical response at a dosage of 500mg per day (clozapine serum level 328ng/ml), developed a neutropenia (BCC at 840/mm3) within an interval of 2 months. Clozapine treatment was suspended and the patient presented a severe psychotic relapse requiring hospitalization. During hospitalization the patient remained symptomatic under haloperidol 15mg daily. At week 3 of clozapine cessation, neutrophil count reached 1510/mm3. After week 4 we introduced lithium carbonate and while reaching 500mg per day we observed an increase in the neutrophil count to 4850/mm3. We rechallenged with clozapine at week 12 after a poor clinical response, with incremental dosage to 150mg per day in 17 weeks. The blood cell count did not show any abnormalities and the patient had a good clinical response up to 11 months after the clozapine rechallenge.

Despite the lack of guidelines assessing clozapine rechallenge after neutropenia, the use of lithium carbonate may be considered to stimulate hematopoietic functions.

No significant relationships.

Patients treated for chronic mental disorders and who receive atypical antipsychotics are in most cases at risk of gaining weight, the excess of which is complicated in the long term by metabolic syndrome (MS). The management of these patients is effective if it includes Therapeutic Education.

Describe the therapeutic education program developed for patients on antipsychotics who have metabolic syndrome

In this work, we present the educational program that we have developed for patients undergoing psychiatric treatment with atypical antipsychotics, who have been stabilized for at least 3 months and who suffer from SM.

It is a program that starts with the inclusion consultation and educational diagnosis with the first step of clinical (weight, abdominal perimeter and BMI), biological (blood sugar, HbA1C, cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides) and psychometric (SF12, MAQR, food and physical activity diary) assessments. Our initial program includes 6 sessions and 2 maintenance sessions at 1 month and 3 months after the 6th session. The objectives were divided between information about DM, motivation to eat a balanced diet, physical activity and improvement of quality of life. We also included stress management and positive psychology activities. Assessments are repeated at the end of the initial program and at the last maintenance session.

Our program was developed according to the Geneva therapeutic education recommendations. We plan to apply it to groups of patients in our department

No significant relationships.

People with severe psychiatric disorders (SPD) who experience housing vulnerability have to negotiate discontinuous mental health care pathways including poor access to common rights services and an increased risk of incarceration. To reduce morbidity and improve social integration of these people, Médecins du Monde (NGO), in association with the Ministry of Justice and APHM, is piloting the experimentation of an alternative to prison through assertive community treatment (ACT) and independent housing for people with SPS without housing who are referred to the court for immediate appearance.

The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovative program (AILSI) compared to usual services by assessing the duration of re-incarceration at 18 months of follow up.

The AILSI project has been certified as a Social Impact Bond, in which private investors support the program, with the guarantee that the French government will reimburse the investments if social impact outcomes are met. To measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the program, a randomized controlled study was designed: 100 patients will be included in the AILSI group (intervention) and 120 in the TAU group (usual services). Four social impact outcomes are identified: inclusion rate, signed leases rate, total length of re-incarceration and total resource use. It is a mixed quali-quanti research, which integrates a matching to administrative health and judicial databases.

Inclusions are ongoing.

The AILSI program and the research methods used are described herein. In addition, detailed information on the limitations and strengths of the SIB system are also discussed.

No significant relationships.

No significant relationships.

A history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can increase the risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and might be related to unfavorable clinical and functional outcomes of psychosis

To assess the relationship between the history of ACEs and functioning in stabilized patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. It was carried out on out patients with stabilized schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder was established based on DSM-5 criteria. We used the ACEs scale to screen for traumatic events that occurred in the childhood and we used the Functional Assessment Staging Scale (FAST) to assess the patients’ ability to function and perform tasks of daily living

Seventy five patients were included.The mean age was 39.81 ±9.96 years.The sex ratio was 4 .34. The mean score of ACE was 3.55 ± 2.41 and 88% of patients had experienced at least one traumatic event.The mean sore of the FAST scale was 33 ± 14.95.The total score of FAST was significantly higher in case of physical negligence in childhood (p=0.018). No correlation was found with the others ACEs.The FAST sub score of cognitive functioning correlated with the history of parents separation (p= 0.47) and physical negligence (p= 0.03). we also found that The FAST sub score of interpersonal relationships correlated with the history of emotional abuse (p=0.021)

Our data has shown that ACEs contribute to functioning impairment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.This impairment affects mainly the cognitive functioning and the interpersonal relationships

No significant relationships.

Recurrent Unipolar and Bipolar affective disorders are considered paradigms of biological entities in psychiatry. However recent theories have underlined the role that environment plays in the genesis of these disorders in interaction with genetic diatheses.

This study examined the relationship between stressful life events (SLE) and recurrent major depressive disorders.

Three groups of 50 subjects were assessed: Patients with recurrent major depressive disorder with melancholic features; patients with borderline personality disorder; and healthy controls. Interviews for DSM-V Disorders were used for diagnosis. Beck Depression Inventory, The Israel Psychiatric Research Interview Life Event Scale and the Coddington Events Schedule were used to measure life events and depression and were confirmed with an interview.

The proportions of loss-related events in childhood and in the year preceding the first episode was higher in the depressed group than in the control groups during the same time period. Proportions of SLE, uncontrolled and independent events were also more common in the depressed patients in the year preceding the first episode.

The study’s conclusion is that SLE plays an important role in the onset of depressive disorders. There are specific kinds of SLE that occur in childhood and in the year preceding the first episode. SLE has a less significant role in the maintenance of this illness.

No significant relationships.

Treatment resistant depression (TRD) and severe depression (SD) are common among patients with depression. Patients with inflammatory joint disease (IJD) are at higher risk for developing depression compared to the general population; however, the risk for SD or TRD is not known.

To examine the odds of patients with IJD for developing SD and TRD compared to non-severe and non-TRD depression.

This case-control study was nested within a cohort of patients with incident depression (n=443,384) identified in nationwide Swedish registers 2006-2018. Patients with SD (n=42,975) were identified through the ICD-10 code specifier, through psychiatric hospitalization and/or through suicide attempts. Patients who started a third consecutive treatment for depression were identified with TRD (n=33,830). Each patient was matched with five non-SD - or non-TRD - patients by sociodemographics and year of cohort entry. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated by conditional logistic regression with regard to a history of any IJD and specific IJDs prior to depression onset.

Among patients with depression, those with a history of IJD did not have higher odds for developing SD (aOR 1.09 (95%CI 1.00-1.20)) or TRD (aOR 1.03 (0.93 - 1.14)) compared to patients without IJD. A history of rheumatoid arthritis was associated with a significantly higher odds for SD among patients aged 18-29 (aOR 1.55 (1.01-2.36)) and for TRD among patients aged 30-49 (aOR 1.33 (1.05-1.67).

Overall, no association was observed between history of IJD and developing SD/TRD; with the exception of younger age strata in rheumatoid arthritis.

PB, JA, DH, LB, and JR are affiliated to or employees at The Unit for Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, which receives grants from several entities (pharmaceutical companies, regulatory authorities, contract research organizations) for the per

Caffeine acts as a competing antagonist of adenosine receptors, increasing the release of norepinephrine and the activation of noradrenergic neurons. Long-standing schizophrenia patients frequently develop a comorbidly high daily caffeine intake. This could be explained by its relationship with smoking [1,2].

To determine caffeine consumption in schizophrenia and predisposing factors.

Cross-sectional study designed on a sample of 68 outpatients with a follow-up of at least 5 years at the Mental Health Unit, aged between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with schizophrenia (ICD-10). Average daily caffeine intake was quantified by reference values for each beverage: coffee (66.7mg/100ml), tea (30mg/100ml), soft or energy drinks (11.5mg/100ml). High intake was defined as a consumption of ≥200mg of caffeine per day. Retrospective review of medical records revealed tobacco use and negative symptoms observed on the PANSS scale. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS v21.0 (significance p<0.05).

88.2% of the subjects were daily caffeine consumers with a mean intake of 146.7mg/day (SD=5.8), and a mean consumption time of 6.2 years. Coffee was the predominant beverage in 66.7% of the cases, followed by soft or energy drinks (25%) and tea (0.1%). 45% of participants also had a high caffeine intake of ≥200 mg/day. Comorbid smoking was found in 93% of these patients. Negative symptomatology prevailed among caffeine consumers (PANSS-N= 41.3).

Xanthine abuse seems to be highly prevalent in people with schizophrenia, and there may be a relationship with smoking and negative psychotic symptoms.

No significant relationships.

Risperidone, a second generation antipsychotic, shows high affinity with serotoninergic and dopaminergic D2 receptors, but also adrenergic and H1 histaminergic receptors. Previous studies have shown an increase in eosinophile count associated with the second-generation antipsychotics through the histaminergic path.

The presentation of a case in which eosinophilia was associated with risperidone withdrawl which has not been described so far.

A 46-year-old woman with schizophrenia diagnosed at the age of 22 was admitted in our inpatient psychiatric clinic with psychotic symptoms relapse after she voluntarily discontinued risperidone. The patient was fully evaluated with full laboratory tests, a brain CT scan, EEG and her medical and psychiatric histories were recorded.

Risperidone was reinitiated but due to the persistence of symptoms it was switched to clozapine which lead to full remission. It was observed though, that while gradually decreasing risperidone dosage (Figure 1.), eosinophile count was raising and it was normalized after complete discontinuation. Eosinophilia was also present in other instances that the patient discontinued taking risperidone according to her personal history. Other causes of eosinophilia (allergic, inflammatory) were fully excluded.

Risperidone discontinuation could lead to an elevated eosinophile count. There is limited research in this topic and it is yet to be clarified whether the elevation is due to stopping one antipsychotic or switching between two different antipsychotics. It is important to run laboratory tests regularly with every treatment modification.

No significant relationships.

Although autism is only twice more common in men than women in general population, in clinical samples women are underrepresented. This difference may be due to a poor sensitivity of current diagnostic criteria of autism related to females. We present a 13-year-old woman referred to the adolescent psychiatric unit for anxiety, self injuries and suicidal ideation. After careful assessment of current symptoms and neurodevelopmental milestones, deficits in emotional-comunicational reciprocity, nonverbal comunication and relationships emerged, as well as inflexible adherence to routines and restricted interests. The diagnose of autism spectrum disorder was made and the patient started a specific treatment.

To review the clinical features of autism spectrum disorders in adolescent females and its differential diagnosis.

Review of the literature on autism spectrum disorders in female and its specific features.

The “Female Autism Phenotype” is a group features that are more common in autistic women, as opposed to the classic symptoms of autism in men. Some of these differential characteristics are: fewer social impairments and higher levels of social motivation; more age and gender appropriate restricted and repetitive interests; more internalizing rather than externalizing symptoms; and a tendency towards camouflaging

- Autism in women is frequently underdiagnosed. - Females express autism in ways that not allways meet the current diagnostic criteria. - The “Female Autism Phenotype” has been proposed as an specific way of expression of autism in females.

No significant relationships.

Physical activity (PA) level has been found to be an important correlate of eating disorders (EDs). The literature is inconclusive to whether PA is related to symptoms of EDs in non-clinical sample.

The first study aim was to assess the level of PA in non-clinical group of young adults with symptoms of EDs. The second aim was to evaluate the association between PA level and severity of EDs symptoms.

The sample consisted of 327 young adults (Mage = 21.72±2.00;MBMI = 23.20±7.43). All participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ). Finally, 32 individuals (9.79%) of the total sample scored above clinical cut-off on the EAT-26 (≥ 20) indicating a high level of symptoms and concerns characteristic of EDs.

The non-clinical group differed significantly in PA level (low-intensity, moderate-intensity, vigorous-intensity levels of PA; H(2,32)=26.19,p<0.001). There was no difference in the severity of ED symptoms between the groups of PA level. Our findings demonstrated a positive relationship between PA (IPAQ total score) and bulimic behaviour and thoughts about food (rho-Spearman=0.31,p=0.04). The highest Bulimia and Preoccupation scale scores were observed in group with vigorous-intensity levels of PA (Me=8.5).

Our findings indicate that the severity of ED symptoms did not differ across the PA levels in a non-clinical sample of young adults. However, PA was positively associated with bulimia and food preoccupation. Since, excessive physical could be an important risk-factor of EDs, the recommended levels of PA for health in non-clinical sample should be enhanced in effective prevention programs.

No significant relationships.