Depression is the mental disorder with the largest disease burden impact. That is due to its high prevalence, chronicty, early onset but also due to its impact on various aging-related somatic morbidities and mortality. This talk will describes to what extent depression characteristics are related to chronologial and biological aging patterns.

Data will be shown from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA, www.nesda.nl). In this study, a large cohort of over 3000 individuals (18-65 years), among which over 1200 with a DSM-based major depressive disorder (MDD), are now followed for 9 years. The association between depression characteristics and chronological and biological age will be described. Biological age was determined at various biological system-levels, including telomere length, epigenetics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics.

Older persons with a current MDD do not differ in overall disease severity as compared to younger persons with a current MDD. However, older depressed persons do differ in the types of symptoms they experience (more neurovegetative, somatic symptoms and less mood symptoms) and in their chronic course (with twice more chronicity in the oldest depressed persons compare to the younges depressed persons). At all biological system-levels, there was evidence for more advaned biological aging among persons with depression. This was not differential across chronological age groups. Discussion: Findings suggest that depression characteristics are linked to both chronological and biological age. It will be discussed what this could mean for clinical practice and intervention.

No significant relationships.

It has been well established that depressive disorders including perinatal depression are very heterogeneous, which partly explain the ineffectiveness of available treatments for many patients. Recent innovations in data science can help elucidate the nature of perinatal depression especially the heterogeneity in its presentation.

The present study aime to elucidate heterogeneous subtypes of PND and assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) across heterogenous subtypes of PND.

This study was conducted in 2005 in two rural areas of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Out of a total of 3,898 women, 903 pregnant women were identifed with PND (using DSM-IV) and randomly assigned to intervention and control group. Baseline assessments included interviewer admininstered Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and social risk factors. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6 months and 12 months post-intervention. Principle component analysis was run to reduce dimensionality of the HDS. Two step cluster analysis was then run to elucidate subtypes of PND using the dimensional scores. Thereafter, effectiveness of CBT was compared across these subtypes of PND using multilevel modelling.

Principle component analysis revealed a four component solution for the Hamilton depression rating scale. Using these dimensional scores, cluster analysis (average silhouette= 0.5) revealed a parsimonius four cluster soultion of participants with mild PND symptoms (n=326); predominant sleep problems (n=311) c) predominant atypical symptoms (n=80) and d) comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms (n=186). CBT yielded moderate effect sizes across all these subtypes of PND (cohen’s d > 0.8).

Multicomponent CBT is effective across hetergeneous presentations of PND.

No significant relationships.

Mental illness accounts for about one-third of the world’s disability, a burden that many health systems cannot adequately respond to. Up to 70% of mental health (MH) patients are followed-up in primary health care (PHC) settings. To bridge the treatment gap, the World Health Organization developed mhGAP, a guidance package for integrated management of priority MH disorders in lower-income countries. Other countries have developed their own evidence-based interventions.

Overviewing countries’ strategies towards integrating MH services into PHC, their outcomes and challenges.

Review of literature using PubMed search terms “mental health primary care”, MeSH terms “Primary Health Care”, “Mental Health Care” and “organization and administration”, published in the last 5 years, in English.

25 of 602 articles were selected. The mhGAP programme has seen successful integration in pilot district-level programs, but wider implementation has stalled due to stigma and lack of clinical engagement, resources, MH specialists, and policy support. The Quebec MH reform promoted integrated service networks, improving accessibility and quality of care (QoC). A Norwegian-Russian long-standing collaboration initiative has significantly improved treatment for anxiety and depression (A&D), with 58% reliable recovery rate. A Danish collaborative care intervention provided high-quality treatment of moderate A&D. In Peru, a similar initiative allowed early detection, referral, and treatment of MH patients attending PHC services.

Comprehensive, integrated and responsive collaborative care models are a cost-efficient strategy to improve QoC for many MH conditions across diverse populations. MH-PHC integration initiatives have seen varying degrees of success. However, several barriers impact wider implementation and scale-up.

The term “two-eyed seeing” is spreading across North America as a concept for explanatory pluralism. The concept was brought into academic science by Albert Marshall, a M’iqmaq from Nova, Scotia, Canada. It speaks to the idea that indigenous knowledge is an equally valid way of conceptualizing a phenomenon as is contemporary science. Marshall’s famous example compares a traditional M’iqmaq story about the origins of the large tides in the Bay of Fundy with contemporary oceanographic geology findings and simulations.

We wanted to explore how this two-eyed seeing model could be applied to mental health to facilitate a dialogue between psychiatry and traditional cultural healers.

We reviewed the existing literature on two-eyed seeing within mental health care using PubMed, IndexMedicus, OneSearch, and Google Scholar. We presented a course on two-eyed seeing for indigenous mental health services and two-eyed seeing for addressing trauma in indigenous communities and surveyed the participants about the two-eyed seeing concept. We offered this course primarily to providers within indigenous communities and also for other interested counsellors.

Participants in our trainings were enthusiastic about the role of two-eyed seeing for improving communication among indigenous providers and patients and non-indigenous providers. Most indigenous counselors had not heard of two-eyed seeing and were quite enthusiastic about its affirming nature and how it gave them a basis for dialogue with non-indigenous practitioners.

Two-eyed seeing allows a rich dialogue between European-derived practitioners and indigenous people that enabls each to appreciate the other’s perspectives, leading to greater cooperation and collaborative treatment.

No significant relationships.

Although there are very effective treatment approaches for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) available, the clinical management has its limits making new treatment modalities a necessity. Evidence suggests that low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), improves hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention deficit of individuals with ADHD.

The aim of this case study is to present the effectiveness of rTMS on hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention deficit of an individual with ADHD.

This is a case study of a 22 year old male diagnosed with ADHD. The protocol applied was 2 weeks of daily rTMS sessions. This involved repetitive TMS to the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (10 Hz, 3.000 pulses, 120% motor threshold) to treat attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Assessments were conducted using Adult ADHD Questionnaires, the Jasper and Goldberg questionnaire and WHO self- reported scale at baseline, 1 month and up to 3 months follow up.

The patient showed overall improvement in scores in both ADHD scales with scores dropping more than 50 % in both scales from pre treatment to 3 months follow up. No side effects were recorded during therapy

Our findings suggest that the use of rTMS therapy in individuals with ADHD, is an efficacious and safe therapeutic treatment option.

Benjamin Rolland declare having received fees for lectures and expertise from Ethypharm. He was the principal investigator of a phase-1 study funded by Ethypharm

Buprenorphine/Naloxone (BP/NLX) is an effective drug combination used in long-term maintenance therapy in opiate use disorder (OUD). In some studies, abstinence over 180 days was defined as long-term remission (1).

The aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients in long-term remission with BP/NLX.

In this study, 30 patients who were followed up with OUD at Akdeniz University Addiction Center and were in remission with BP/NLX for at least 180 days were evaluated retrospectively.

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are summarized in table 1.

OUD is associated with lower quality of life and employment rate (2). In our study, the rate of working in a regular job is high. It can be concluded that prolonged remission improves functionality in patients. Although patients are in remission for a long time in terms of opiate use, 20% of patients continue to use cannabis and 10% continue to use cocaine. In a study, there was no difference in productivity and quality of life between BP users with and without current cannabis use. Continued use of cannabis by patients may be related to this condition. However, cannabis use increases many mental illnesses, especially psychosis (4). In patients in remission with BP/NLX, studies should also be carried out to avoid other substances than opiates. In our study, in accordance with the literature (5), no negative effects on kidney and liver functions were observed with long-term BP/NLX treatment. BP/NLX appears to be safe in prolonged use.

No significant relationships.

Precision medicine is “an emerging approach for treatment and prevention that takes into account each person’s variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle” [1]. The terminology is increasingly used in psychiatry, and especially in research relevant to the prediction of psychosis onset, response to treatment and functional outcome. While this is an important step-forward for the discipline, at this stage it is very important to promote the translation of research findings into clinical practice, as much as possible. Nowadays the availability of machine learning and artificial intelligence tools, together with advances in data storage and data security, enable the integration of neuroimaging, biological, clinical and cognitive data. By overcoming current limitations in multiple domain data analysis these tools may lead to the identification of reliable diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic markers in routine clinical care, as well as to the prediction of clinically meaningful outcomes (e.g., psychosis onset, symptomatic and functional outcome, and treatment response). Precision medicine in psychiatry is a developing science, deserving further large-scale research, translational approaches and refinement that, hopefully, will soon be an integral part of every-day clinical practice. However, challenges in pursuing this strategy should not be underestimated, and efforts should be made to constantly advocate for more investments in human and financial resources in psychiatry, and to concentrate on the use of widely available and not too expensive and time-consuming methods.1 Toward Precision Medicine. Building a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research and a New Taxonomy of Disease. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2011.

No significant relationships.

The coronavirus crisis has had an impact on the mental health of children and adolescents

Determine how it has affected this population and what mental pathologies are occurring

Literature bibliographic review

School closures and lockdown have been seen to have produced higher levels of anxiety, anger, and sleep and appetite disruption. On the one hand, the children had more anxiety and regressive behaviors, and the adolescents had more isolation, depressive symptoms and even autolytic ideation. The economic crisis and lockdown have affected the family environment, having reported greater situations of domestic violence and substance use among parents. Studies show a prevalence up to 28-34% of post-traumatic stress symptoms among adolescents. In Spain it has been determined that ¼ children present anxiety and / or depression. Their parents noticed in them greater irritability, less concentration and greater feelings of loneliness There has been an increase in addiction to new technologies. This is partly a method of maintaining social relationships, but prolonged use is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Regarding to patients with mental pathology, they have presented greater tantrums, especially ADHD and ASD, due to the loss of structure and routine.

Confinement and fear of COVID have affected mental health of children and adolescents, with anxiety and depression occurring more frequently. Is highlighted the presence of feelings of loneliness among adolescents and the increase in the use of screens. Finally close to 80% of patients who had mental health conditions referred that this crisis had worsed their symtponms

Stoke is a growing public health problem in the developed world resulting in more hospitalization and mortality. In young adults stroke is the third most common cause of death world wide and the fourth leading cause of disease burden.

The aim was to describe a case of recovery after two hemorrhagic strokes in a young adult patient.

It was presented a clinical case and review the current literature showing the pathway of recovery.

A 38-years-old man presented two episodes of hemorrahgic strokes with a lack of 6 months. With history of hypertension, smoking habits and consume of cannabinoid. The first hemorrhagic stroke had sequels of right hemiparesis. It was diagnosed with frontal arteriovenous malformation. In the second episode was submeted to frontoparietal craniotomy with total dissection of the arteriovenous malformation. After surgery he had convulsive crises that remited with valproic and levetirazetan. It did intensive rehabilitation and two months later he recovered totally. In this momente he is functional for daily lactivities, maintained the same treatment and cognitive stimulation.

It is necessary to accomplish for healthy habits in order to prevent strokes in young people. A better prognoses may be related to a urgent and prolonged intervention and reabilitation.

No significant relationships.

Vaginismus is the most common reason for unconsummated marriages in Tunisia.

To describe the socio-demographic profile and to explore the clinical and cultural aspects of sexual functioning of women with vaginismus.

It was a cross-sectional study established over a period of 3 months from the November 1st, 2019 to January 31st, 2020. This study focused on a population of women with vaginismus recruited from outpatient consultations of the hospital’s gynecology and psychiatry departments at the regional hospital of Gabes. We used a pre-established sheet exploring socio-demographic data, medical and gyneco-obstetric history and informations concerning the partner, the marital relationship and the woman’s sexual activity.

35 women were included. They had a mean age of 30 years, jobless (54.5%) and with a secondary or university education (91.1%). The mean duration of marriage was 2.4 years. Partner had mean age of 36 and suffering from sexual dysfunction (21.3%). Among women, 12.5% had been sexually abused, 51.6% had suffered “Tasfih”, 70% had attended discussions about painful defloration. Vaginismus was primary in 85.7% and total in 50% of the cases. About the received thoughts of the women, 40% thought that vaginismus requires medical treatment, 13 of them (40%) thought that the disorder could be resolved spontaneously and 20% believed in a story of witchcraft. 85% consulted a physician and 24.2% a traditional therapist.

Vaginismus seems to be influenced by psychological and sociocultural factors so that a good psychoeducation of brides could reduce the incidence of this sexual disorder.

No significant relationships.

Tourette’s syndrome (ST) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that presents with combination of motor and vocal tics for at least one year time.Only few cases of comorbidity with psychotic disorder has been described.

We present a case report of a patient with ST, obsessive compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder that resulted in chronic schizophrenia-like psychosis, and family hystory of tics and psychosis.

A case – based family study, literature review and statistic data analysis.

The patient (male, born in 1997 otherwise healthy)presented at the age of 6 with spitting.He subsequently progressed with severe motor tics, vocalizations, coprolalia, impulsivity, destructivity, repetitive motor rituals.No treatment showed to be efficacious and safe. He dropped out of the school, the family has to move to the rural area; his social withdrawal was intensified by psychotrauma (assaulted by police officer due to seemingly disorderly conduct). At the age of late adolescence he started to make fantastic statements. Later on he admitted having visual and audial hallucinations and responding to them; the Kandinsky–Clérambault syndrome was detected. Symptoms and exitement are partially controlled by diazepam and clozapine; the patient needs assistance in all routines of self – care.The patient’s mother has a mild form of motor tics; her mother developed persistent delusions in her late thirties (without disorders of perception and social disfunction).

The study demonstrantes genetic interconnecting between TS, tics and psychosis; hyperactivity in the dopaminergic system of the brain may be involved in all three disorders. National statistics of TS have to be reviewed and improved.

No significant relationships.

The curious effect of an increase of the placebo effect across year of publication has been shown for depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as for some medical conditions like hypertension and pain.

We aimed to observe how randomised clinical trials with a placebo control behave at this respect in panic disorder trials.

We searched the PubMed database using the strategy: (panic disorder OR panic attack disorder) AND placebo, which on 3 November 2020 produced 779 records. Inclusion criteria were the above stated, excluded were all studies focusing on the same patients as others and those not providing intelligible data. In our selection we used the PRISMA statement and reached agreement with Delphi rounds.

We identified through other sources further 3 studies. The finally eligible studies were 82, excluded were 700 studies, mainly consisting of reviews (176), challenge studies (173), not dealing with panic disorder (67), studies with unsuitable designs to detect placebo effect (53), studies using same populations as others (36), those with misfocused outcomes (57), those lumping diagnoses and not allowing to separate data for panic disorder (22), and those not using placebo at all (21). Mean response to placebo in included panic disorder studies was 36.01±19.812, ranging from 0 to 76.19%; the correlation with year of publication was positive and significant (Pearson’s r= 0.246; p=0.026).

The effect of placebo in randomised control trials has increased across the years, but this field of research appears to be idle in recent years.

No significant relationships.

Motivation deficit is a significant aspect of lack of improvement in patients with schizophrenia especially with predominant negative symptoms (PNS). Therefore, improvement depends not only on symptoms reduction and better social functioning but also on patient engagement which is a key but less investigated aspect of successful treatment.

To investigate and compare patient engagement in PNS patients after cariprazine and risperidone treatment characterized by the 11 items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-11).

In this phase 3 study patients suffering from PNS of schizophrenia (PANSS-FSNS≥24) were randomized to 26 weeks of treatment with either cariprazine or risperidone (target dose 4.5 and 4 mg/day, respectively). To compare the effects of the two drugs on patient engagement the PANSS-11 scale was used. Change from baseline (CfB) on the selected items and PANSS-11 total score were analyzed using mixed model of repeated measures approach without correction for multiplicity.

PANSS-11 total score mean CfB were -11.20 (SD=0.43) for cariprazine-, and -9.44 (SD=0.45) for risperidone-treated patients with a -1.79 (95% CI=-3.01, -0.56) mean difference (p=0.004) in favor of cariprazine. Most item differences were statistically significant (N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, G16) or numerically higher (N6, G7, G13) for cariprazine versus risperidone.

Cariprazine significantly improved patient engagement in patients with PNS of schizophrenia compared to risperidone based on the PANSS-11 post-hoc analysis. These results suggest that cariprazine treatment may improve not only the symptoms and everyday functioning of PNS patients but their engagement with life.

Studies were funded by Gedeon Richter Plc. and Allergan Plc (prior to its acquisition by AbbVie). Dr. Laszlovszky, Dombi, Balogh, Dr Barabassy, Dr Vass, Dr. Szatmári and Dr. Németh are employees of Gedeon Richter Plc.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact not only on the ordinary lives of people worldwide, but also on the access to mental health care system. In particular, in the first months of the global health emergency, a drastic reduction in the number of access to healthcare system has been recorded. In the “Phase 1” of the emergency, the fear for the contagion, the strict containment measures and the lack of adequate information regarding the virus have been listed as possible factors contributing to this phenomenon. In the “Phase 2”, mental health care has been completely reorganized in order to compile with requirements for physical distancing and reducing overcrowding. The visits in outpatients’ units have been rescheduled, healthcare professionals have received information regarding the adequate use of protective personal equipment and patients have learnt how to protect themselves. Furthermore, telemental health approaches have been fostered worldwide, although several obstacles still persist such as the lack of adequate training for healthcare professionals for using telemental health instruments, the uncertainties regarding the legal implications of telemental health and the difficulties for older patients to access those systems. During this critical period, mental healthcare systems have been proven to be resilient. The pandemic has speed up the process of transformation of mental health care system and we are learning how to further improve the system in order to sustain these changes in the long-term.

No significant relationships.

Acute and transient psychotic disorders are a rare condition entity as the sudden appearance of affective, confusional symptoms and paranoia triggered by some psychological trauma. The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is an important psychological stressor that could favor the appearance of acute psychotic disorders. Several studies have been recently published proposing that the multifactorial stress associated with lockdown could function as a catalyst for acute psychotic disorders.

To present a case of a brief psychotic disorder during the national lockdown in Spain and to review the literature about the relationship between the current pandemic and psychosis.

We will present a case report and a literature review.

We report a case of a 27-year-old woman, with no previous psychiatric history. Three weeks after the start of Spain lockdown sudden symptoms appeared with psychomotor restlessness, confused speech, emotional lability, thought blocking and persecutory and referential delusions. Physical exam, blood analysis and cerebral CT scan with no alterations. Treatment was performed with aripiprazole 10 mg and lorazepam 1 mg daily with clinical improvement in one weeks. She was diagnosed of Acute transient psychotic disorder.

Stressful life events that can trigger psychosis in vulnerable individuals and the current pandemic and lockdown context could favor the appearance of acute psychotic disorders. The case reported here is in line with other current studies that show a preliminary intuition of this trend.

Psychiatric symptoms associated with Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) involved several presentations; the most characteristic is depression. However, PHPT remains often overlooked by physicians when making differential diagnosis for patients with psychiatric disorders, particularly in the elderly.

We proposed to describe the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of major depression secondary to PHPT.

We report a case of PHPT revealed by depression. Then, we conducted a literature review using “PubMed” database and keywords “primary Hyperparathyroidism”, “depression”.

A 73-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of depressed mood, loss of interest, clinophilia, poor concentration, and weight loss. These symptoms were associated with epigastralgia and constipation not responding to symptomatic treatment. The etiological assessment was normal. The diagnosis of major depression was established, and the patient was treated with Sertraline (25 mg/day). After one month of treatment, somatic and psychiatric symptoms worsened. Physical examination revealed a deteriorated general condition, dehydration, and cardiac arrhythmia. Blood analysis revealed renal failure, hypercalcemia (4.2mmol/L), hypophosphatemia (0.4mmol/L), and increased parathyroid hormone level (180 pg/ml). The patient was hospitalized in intensive care unit. Cervical echography showed 2 hyperparathyroid adenomas, and diagnosis of PHPT was established. Under symptomatic treatment, the patient’s somatic and psychiatric condition improved. An hyperparathyroidectomy is undergone soon.

This case highlighted the importance of considering a primary psychiatric disorder as a diagnosis of exclusion, especially in the elderly. PHPT is one of differential diagnoses for psychiatric symptoms, like depression, whose management is conditioned by that of the somatic disease.

Pediatric acute bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening illness that results from bacterial infection of the meninges and leaves some survivors with significant sequelae. Given the potential trauma induced by the disease itself and the hospitalization, it is important to have an insight on how the parents cope with this aversive event, and especially how they give sense to this experience.

(1) To explore the lived experience of close family ascendants whose child or grandchild had survived acute bacterial meningitis (2) To investigate how they give meaning to this specific experience.

Participants were recruited through two association of persons affected by meningitis. Convenience sample of eleven family ascendants. Their family descendants were aged between 0.2 and 20 years old at the time of the meningitis diagnosis (M= 4.1, SD= 7.3). In average, 9.4 years had passed between the onset of illness and the relative’s interview (SD= 5.4).

6 superordinate themes and 2 meaning-making processes were identified: 1. Sick child becoming a “hero” (comparison with other children). 2. Engaged action/attitude: finding the “positive” of the traumatic experience and engaged action to improve the care system.

This is one of the first studies exploring the first-hand experience of family ascendants confronted to acute bacterial meningitis. Findings highlighted factors characterising the disease experience and the psychological adjustment of meningitis survivors’ families. They demonstred (1) the multidimensional impact of the disease on family ascendants and their need for professional psychological support, (2) the importance of direct involvement of parents in identifying key aspects of care.

Social PSYCHIATRY is essential for solutions of RH-conflicts leading to immense psychic&medical problems-[2a-e,3]. Millions tenants in Europe: Germany-54.3%/Austria-30.2%/France-25.3%/GB-24.1%/Italy-12.9%/Slovenia-4.5%. German journals reflect catastrophic situation of tenant-lessor conflicts-[3].

REFERENCES: [1a]-Luetge,Ch et-al(ed): Experimental Ethics, Basingstoke:Palgrave-Macmillan,2014. [1b]-Pegoraro,R (Chancellor Academy/Vatican-City) «Arzt und Christ» 38:3-55,1992; EACME-2017-Barcelona AB:p.129-130. [2]-Michailov,M.Ch, Neu,E, Welscher,U et-al: [2a]-Psychology: EFPA-2019-Moscow AB:p.1529,1530,1549. IUPsyS-2008-Berlin Int.J.Psychol. 43/3-4 p.154,248,615,799. [2b]-Psychiatry: EPA-2020-virtual/Madrid, Eur.Psychiatry 63S:EPP0834/5+EPV0581/1470; EPA-2019-Warsaw 56S:S689; EPA-2018-Nice 48/S1:S623&567&662. WPA-2019-Lisbon, E-Poster WCP19-2137/-1822/-1839: 2018-Mexico-City, Abs.-Book WCP18-0584/-0625/-0643/-0654. 2011-Buenos-Aires, AB:PO1.200. [2c]-Philosophy&Law: IVR-2019-Lucerne Progr.Book:p.114-116. FISP-2018-Peking Abstr.Book(AB)1348-50,1373-4,1420; -2013-Athens AB464-5/503-4/766. EACME-2017-Barcelona/MedEthics) AB73-74/125-126. [2d]-Psychosomatics: ICPM-2017-Peking AB:ID: 648493/648895/647749/648878; -2005-Kobe, JPsychosomRes 58: 85-86. [2e]-Physiology: DPG-2019 (German-Austrian-Suisse Soc.) Acta-Physiol., 227/S719, A03-3,A03-4,A03-9,A04-4,A05-1. IUPS-2017-Rio-de-Janeiro, AB:ID977; IUPS-2009-Kyoto, J.Physiol.Sci. Proc-IUPS-Vol.XXII/Springer,p.249. [3]-German-journals-“tz”-München, 14.02.2019, 15.02.17, 06.12.16/p.10, 18.10.16/p.10. Süddt.Zeitung-no172/p.30, 2017. Bild-14.12.2018/p.12. Mü.-Merkur-14./15.12.2019/no289/p.33.

Psychological-medical-social observations-[2a,e].

Complex interaction of social-natural factors (micro-ecology/apartments) are demonstrated by conflicts tenants-lessors (RH-Munich). Conflicts conc. high-rents, luxurious repair, cause dangerous psychoneurological diseases: anxiety-neurosis-insomnia-depression,etc., esp. in patients/seniors with cardio-vascular pathology. Defect-doors&radiators&windows (air-currents) induce respiratory-diseases, defect-illumination causes accidents (neuro-orthopaedic diseases: commotio-cerebri,etc.). Examples for impossible situation in German-RH: After 47years annihilation of RH-contract (tenant-woman 74years); over 4.5years lessor tries to eliminate 2scientists from RH, living-working 40/50years (one invalid, other 86years, both with complex pathology) by justice-terror; RH-contracts of tenants 90years with dementia&blind-senior (90years) are annihilated. RH-conflict leads to lethal consequences of 73 year tenant-[3].

SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY could help millions of tenants injured by RH-conflicts-[2a-c,1a,b] by (a)-psychotherapy&education considering “total symptoms of mind-body, acc. to Emperor AKIHITO during ICPM-2005-Kobe-[2d], (b)-education of RH-administrators incl. philosophical/psychological/psychiatric-examination, (c)-foundation of „house-councils“ for „RH-industry“ counteracting psychopathological/-somatic diseases. This way will be supported UNO-Agenda21 for better health/education/ecology on global-level.

No significant relationships.

The COVID-19 pandemic situation creates specific conditions for increased anxiety and increased attention to respiratory sensations. This can become a favorable ground for the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing. Dysfunctional breathing is a pattern of breathing that does not meet physiological needs and can lead to respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive disorders and neurological dysfunctions (Chaitow et al.,2014)

The aim of the study is to identify “personality predictors” for the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The author’s socio-demographic questionnaire, the Naimigen Questionnaire (VanDixhoorn, Duivenvoordent, 1984), HEXACO-PI-R (Ashton, Lee, 2017; Egorova, Psrshikova, Mitina, 2019), and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983; Leonova, 2013) were used. The study was conducted online from April 27 to May 27. 582 people from all regions of Russia attended it, including 496 women and 86 men aged 18 to 64 years.

Dysfunctional breathing has a direct correlation with personal anxiety (r=0.543, p=0.000) and emotionality (r=0.370,p=0.000), as well as a negative correlation with the personality traits of Honesty/ Humility(r=-0.153, p=0.000), Extraversion (r=-0.247, p=0.000), Agreeableness (r=-0.226, p=0.000), and Conscientiousness (r=-0.128, p=0.002).

Thus, in the COVID-19 pandemic context, dysfunctional breathing was detected in people with increased trait anxiety and pronounced emotionality, as well as in people with hostility and low conscientiousness/organization, as well as in introverts and those who are inclined to demonstrate social status. The occurrence of dysfunctional breathing during a pandemic can be interpreted as a sign of coronavirus disease by those people, which can motivate them to seek medical help, and thus increase the burden on the healthcare system.