The succession of the Torridonian rocks seen on the islands of Fladday, Raasay, and Scalpay is described. Three lithological fades indicative of three distinct sedimentary environments are recognized. Breccias and grits, believed to be sub-aerial in their lower part, are overlain, or pass laterally into, grey shales and sandstones of lacustrine or shallow water marine origin. These are succeeded by red fluviatile sandstones and shales, which, except near the base, are coarse grained and pebbly throughout much of the succession. Three cases of lateral facies variation are described and their significance discussed with regard to the Torridonian succession elsewhere in the Inner Hebrides and on the mainland.

A conglomerate band exposed in Gullet Quarry, at the southern end of the Malvern Hills, contains a layer of shelly limestone in which are embedded large, often angular, boulders of Malyernian rock. The character of the limestone and the form and distribution of included boulders suggest that a near-shore environment of carbonate deposition was continually supplied with clastic material from adjacent sea-stacks. The limestone has yielded a conodont fauna indicative of a Llandovery age earlier than that assigned to the conglomerate by Reading and Poole (1961) on the basis of brachiopod evidence.

The evidence presented for the supposed continuation of the Southern Uplands Fault in north-east Ireland is critically examined and found to be less convincing than recent statements imply.

Graphite was deposited in and around a diabase intruded along post-Borrowdale Volcanic, pre-Bala faults about 4,000 feet above the Skiddaw Slate–Borrowdale Volcanic boundary. Associated copper-lead-zinc mineralization follows faults of the same trend, and is isotopically dated at 470 million years (mid-Ordovician). The breakdown of carbon monoxide in the magmatic gases was promoted by substances (notably pyrite, iron oxides, iron silicates, and quartz) which catalysed the Boudouard reaction 2CO ⇌ CO2 + C. The PT conditions of deposition of the graphite and associated minerals are estimated at P ~ 1,000 bars, T ~ 120° to 600° C. Possible occurrences of natural interlamellar compounds of graphite are discussed.

Sediments of late Pre-Cambrian age mapped in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia have all the characteristics of tillite, and their glacial origin is confirmed by: the presence of very large polished and striated erratics, the great diversity of megaclasts, their regional extent, and the presence of striated, grooved, and polished quartzite bedrock directly beneath the tillite.

Faceted and flat-iron-shaped pebbles are rare or absent; most megaclasts tend towards an ellipsoidal shape—an observation in agreement with recent theories of glacial abrasion.

An example of the development of axial plane schistosity close to a buckled competent band is described. There is a difference in the degree of development of the schistosity on the convex and the concave sides of the fold arch. This is explained as due to variation in contact strain. A similar pattern has been produced experimentally and it is concluded that the axial plane schistosity in the example under consideration is a mechanical phenomenon and has developed perpendicular to the direction of maximum compressive strain.

A revised Stratigraphical scheme based on numerous measured sections and extensive mapping is proposed for the Carboniferous and Permian sequences of Spitsbergen and Bjørnøya, the important Arctic archipelago, in order to provide an up-to-date framework for future work there. New data on the fusulinid zones is summarized and the age of the sequence discussed. A brief Stratigraphical interpretation with four maps showing outcrops, thicknesses, active faults, and main lithological boundaries is given and recent published and unpublished work is reviewed.

The acute F1 folds in the Isle of Man possess Caledonoid axial planes and plunge predominantly to the north-eastern or south-western quarters at a low angle. Synchronous F1 cross-folding is locally developed and plunges steeply to the north-west or south-east. The axial planes of these acute structures have the same steep Caledonoid orientation as their orthodox associates and they share the same first axial-plane cleavage (S1). The generation of the cross-folding is related to original culminations and depressions in the Caledonoid hinges of the large-scale F1 folds. Comparison is made with early cross-folding in other parts of the Caledonides.

Methods for studying the geometry of radiating and concentric features are described and compared. The method favoured for radiating features is to assume that the straight lines, which represent the trends of the features, are of infinite length. Then, for each point on a grid, calculating the mean of the perpendicular distances from the point to each of the lines. These values are then contoured, and a centre minimizing the value of the mean estimated visually.

The methods are applied to finding the centre of the Lyttelton volcano from the external contours and finding a radiation centre for its radial dykes.

Comments are given on a number of papers dealing with principles and procedure in stratigraphic classification which have appeared in British journals during 1963–65. It is emphasized that a clear distinction should be made between biostratigraphic units—bodies of rock strata characterized by certain palaeontological features and bounded by the limits of known occurrence of such features—and chronostratigraphic units—bodies of rock strata characterized by representing the rocks formed during certain time-spans of earth history and bounded above and below by isochronous surfaces. Biostratigraphic zones and the chronostratigraphic terms chronozone and stage are discussed.