The accompanying section represents the passage of the Red Chalk, of Speeton, into an underlying bed of dark slaty clay.It exhibits a small section, which was visible in the cliff on the South of Speeton Beck, in September last.

Twenty-three species of the Family Discoasteraceae Vekshina, 1959 recovered from 18 samples of the Blue Clay at Fort Chambray, Gozo, and 31 samples from Fomm-Ir-Rih Bay, Malta, have been studied under light and scanning electron microscopes. Fourteen Middle Miocene species are reviewed, their stratigraphical ranges and importance as marker species discussed. Nine species are described as new. On the basis of the discoaster species present, a Middle Miocene age (NN.6 Discoaster exilis Zone – NN.7 Discoaster kugleri Zone) for the Blue Clay in Malta and Gozo is suggested.

The orogenic process and crustal growth of the Changning–Menglian Palaeo-Tethys orogenic belt in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau is not fully understood. Triassic Caojian rhyolites and granites occur extensively in this orogenic belt and represent important constraints for this issue. This study aims to examine the relationships between the Triassic Caojian rhyolites and granites and to gain a better understanding of their possible petrogenesis. The study used zircon U–Pb geochronology, trace element analyses and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope data to better understand the relationships and possible origin of the rhyolites and granites. Recent zircon U–Pb ages indicated that the Caojian rhyolites were emplaced at 227.2 Ma, whereas age estimates for Caojian granites were slightly older (233.4–236.9 Ma). The Caojian rhyolites are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and high-field-strength elements, with elevated FeOtot/MgO and Ga/Al ratios. However, they are significantly depleted in Ba, Sr, Eu, P and Ti. These geochemical characteristics indicate that they have an A-type affinity. Furthermore, the Caojian granites comprise biotite monzogranites and granodiorites and show unfractionated composition. Mineralogically, the Caojian granites were found to contain diagnostic I-type minerals such as hornblende. Geochemical data suggest that the petrogenesis of the Triassic Caojian rhyolites is characterized by rejuvenation of crystal mush represented by the Triassic Caojian granites. The necessary thermal input was supplied by mafic magma. This magmatic evolution was likely related to lithospheric delamination and upwelling of the asthenosphere during the Mid- to Late Triassic, forming post-collisional I-type granites and A-type volcanics in the Changning–Menglian Palaeo-Tethys orogenic belt.

During a visit to Crayford in April, under the guidance of my friend Mr. Dawkins, I obtained a worked flint from Slades Green Pit. The discovery seems worth recording, on account of the presumed early age of the deposit in which it occurred. Mr. Evans has kindly looked at the specimen, and considers it decidedly to have been worked, so that there is no room for doubt upon that head. I picked the implement out of a band of rounded flint gravel, lying beneath the sandy stratum which contains abundance of shells, and among them the Corbicula (or Cyrena) fiuminalis and Unio litoralis, together with many mammalian remains.

This important earthquake is chiefly of interest on account of its connexion with the strong Hereford earthquakes of 6th October, 1863, 30th October, 1868, and 17th December, 1896. At least three of the four earthquakes (those of 1863, 1896, and 1926) seem to have originated in the same twin-foci, the epicentre of one lying near Hereford and that of the other near Ross. The fourth earthquake (that of 1868) originated in the Ross focus, possibly also in the Hereford focus.

Of “those precious specimens called ‘types’ which must be appealed to through all time to determine the species to which a name was originally given,”Bristol Museum contains one hundred and eighty six distinct fossil forms. With the exception of a single Coal-measure plant, these are all the remains of animals, ranging in the zoological scale from the Reptiiia to the Actinozoa, and stratigraphically from the Silurian to the Cretaceous epochs.

The late Prof. Louis Agassiz, whilst on a visit to Halifax with Prof. John Phillips, during the years in which he was preparing his “Recherches sur les Poissons fossiles,” identified the caudal extremity of a large species of Cœlacanth fish to which he appended the name of Cœlacanthus Phillipsii in honour of his friend. The specimen is from a large “baum-pot,” as the calcareous nodules are locally termed, obtained from the Lower Coal-measures. This specimen was found at the Swan Bank Pit at Halifax, and, so far as I know, is the only one which has been discovered. The surface exposed by splitting the nodule is 0.295m. diameter, and the part of the fish preserved extends across it; it consists of the caudal portion of a large individual, which, had it been perfectly preserved, would have been between four and five feet in length.

The cuttings along this new line of railway from Annesley to a little south of Rugby have been described by Mr. Fox-Strangways, and it is now proposed to note the chief geological features along the line as far as Quainton Road, near Aylesbury. This portion of the railway crosses the country from north to south, and south-east for a distance of about 35 miles. The following notes were made partly in November, 1895, when the cuttings were examined from Willoughby, near Rugby, to Helmdon; and partly in May of the following year, when the examination was continued to Quainton Road.

The genus Cupressocrinus is very characteristic of the Devonian formation in Germany. In some parts of the Eifel it may be called common; and yet in England, though equally characteristic of the same formation, and though it has been found in several places, yet it is considered so rare that it is hardly mentioned by many of the writers on the Devonian fossils. In Morris's Catalogue the localities given are Plymouth and (somewhat strangely) Collumpton, where there is no Devonian limestone. For these reasons it may be worth recording that there is one small and somewhat insignificant quarry between Newton and Teignmouth, where fossils of this genus occur in abundance, though unfortunately generally in the state of casts.

The costellae of a population of brachiopods can be quantitatively described by plotting the total number of costellae on a valve against the length of its margin. The resultant curve describes the continuous change of the average distance between adjacent costellae during growth. When costellae first appear, this distance has the value of about 0·06 mm and it increases during growth to various degrees in different brachiopod species.

If it is assumed that costellae mark the sites of setae, then the magnitude of the distance between adjacent costellae can be discussed in terms of the function of setae.

The magnitude of the parameters of the distribution of setae and punctae are compared to the silt/sand dividing line.

This note is a record of the occurrence and character of some curious marks on a rock surface near Borth, Cardiganshire. We do not know of any previous description or reference to marks of this kind.

Vertebrate microremains from the upper Silurian Winnica Formation in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland are described from the Winnica and Rzepin sections. Both sites record the uppermost part of the Słupianka Member, but represent different depositional environments. The Winnica samples come from a low-energy environment, while the Rzepin sample was taken from a high-energy, oolitic facies. Both sites contain thelodonts Thelodus parvidens, Thelodus trilobatus, an anaspid cf. Liivilepis and a number of acanthodian scales of ‘nostolepid’, poracanthodid and ‘gomphonchid’ types. Notable differences between the sites are the addition of the osteostracan Tahulaspis cf. ordinata, the thelodont Paralogania ludlowiensis and acanthodian scales identified as Nostolepis gracilis in the Rzepin section. Placing the vertebrate faunas within the vertebrate biozonation established for the Silurian proved difficult. The suggested late Ludlow age for the Słupianka Member based on sequence stratigraphical and chemostratigraphical correlations cannot be definitely confirmed or refuted, but a late Ludfordian age seems the most plausible based on invertebrate and vertebrate faunas. The much lower abundance of poracanthodid acanthodians in the Rzepin sample supports the notion of Poracanthodes porosus Zone as a deep-water equivalent to a number of vertebrate biozones. The presence of P. ludlowiensis only in the oolitic sample confirms a long temporal range, but restricted environmental distribution for this taxon.

Very little is known of the early history of the non-marine Gastropoda; hence the discovery in the coal-bearing strata of Scremerston (Northumberland) of a small species closely resembling certain modern fluviatile operculate shells is of considerable interest. My thanks are due to Mr. J. Pringle for bringing the specimens in question to my notice; to Mr. R. G. Carruthers, to whom their discovery is due, for sending me particulars; and to Dr. F. L. Kitchin for permission to borrow them from the Museum of Practical Geology, where they are deposited.

The pahoehoe and pillow lavas described show many common features of morphology. A finger-like or digital flow mechanism adequately accounts for the similarities although the growth mechanism of individual lobes is by markedly different processes. An important distinction is the time taken to develop a rigid crust and its subsequent expansion by fracturing and auto intrusion. This is rapidly achieved in pillow lavas but only occurs at a late stage in the pahoehoe forms. The main factors controlling the formation of these features are the environment of eruption, the volume of erupted material and the rate of eruption.

The field relations and petrography of the Grantown Newer Granite are described. The structure of the country rocks—Moine gneisses—is compared with that of the numerous blocks included in the granite, the results being synoptically presented. The blocks originally bore the same orientation as the country rocks and have been rotated in the granite during its emplacement. From east to west three zones of orientation, showing increasing rotation of blocks from their original position, are recognized in the granite. As the granite lacks an internal penetrative structure the kinematics of the blocks in the granite remains uncertain. All the evidence suggests that the granite did not form in situ, but was emplaced in a plastic state by dilation of the country rocks mainly along their foliation.

Examining the Cambridge sands, fresh from a remembrance of the Undercliff and the grand developement of the cherty rock of the Upper Greensand in Southern sections, perhaps its most marvellous character is that here it no longer makes a feature in the land, but has dwindled away to barely a foot in thickness, and yet is to be traced through several counties. Blending insensibly into the chalk, resembling in structure beds that sometimes occur in the Gault, it appears but as a parting seam between those deposits. Yet so soon as Dr. Fitton made clear the sequence of the Cretaceous beds, Professor Sedgwick recognised in the film of black nodules, glauconite and chalky marl, the analogue of the sands of the Vale of Wardour and the Isle of Wight.

The fossils described in the following pages were collected by Mr. James L. Begg, The Elms, Mount Vernon, Glasgow, fromthe Poolvash Limestone, Balladoole, Isle of Man. The fauna of these limestones, according to Dr. Wheelton Hind, indicates an upper Dibunophyllum age. The most recent and most complete list of Carboniferous Limestone fossils from the south of the I.O.M. is that published by Mr. John Smith, and compiled from the Survey list, from Dr. Hinde's list, and from Cuming's list, as well as from Mr. Smith's own collection.