One of the problems left unsolved in my “Revision of the Jurassic Cephalopod Fauna of Kachh” consisted of the determination of the exact age of certain Jurassic beds that had yielded (in addition to ammonites) species of Trigonia. Among these, T. smeei J. de C. Sowerby is of unusual, general interest; and, as readers of the Geological Magazine may remember, this species has been the subject of much controversy. It was one of the species whose “morphological position, viewed from the evolutionary standpoint”, caused them to be described as Cretaceous. Thanks to the continued researches of Mr. J. H. Smith, of Bhuj, who has been good enough to send me new collections from various critical sections in Kachh, I am now in a position to add to the evidence for a Jurassic age of a number of these species of Trigonia. If it be asked why, in a work on cephalopods, I have gone out of my way to express scepticism regarding the use of species of Trigonia for correlation, I can only say that this genus happened to be represented among the ammonite material sent to me. There is no reason, so far as I can see, why Trigonia should not be quite as useful for zonal purposes as ammonites. I have been equally sceptical about Stolley’s work on belemnites. But in either case I will leave the results to speak for themselves. It seems to me that if Upper Oxfordian species like Trigonia smeei and such allies as T. tenuis, T. tra-peziformis, T. remota Kitchin, not to mention the associated Astarte, Gervillia, Cucullaea, Exogyra, etc., could be claimed to be of Cretaceous age by one of the most eminent authorities, then it is time to remind the general palaeontologist again of what workers on ammonites have realized long ago.

The Palaeozoic rocks of the Girvan district have long been known for their rich faunal content, which has been studied by many palaeontologists. Trilobites are so abundant that they have been dealt with in a special monograph by Reed (1903−6). Since the publication of the monograph, however, continued collecting has made possible the description of further species and the amplification of many of the original descriptions; much of this has been accomplished by the publication of three supplements to Reed's monograph. The present paper is devoted to a consideration of the hypostomes of some Girvan trilobites. Professor A. E. Trueman has taken a keen interest in its preparation, and I desire to thank him for his very valuable assistance in correcting and improving the text; I must acknowledge again my indebtedness to Dr. F. R. C. Reed for the loan of literature.

Until the last few years the Asiatic Continent has yielded remarkably few remains of Dinosaurs. The recent discoveries in Mongolia have revolutionized our knowledge of their distribution in Northern Asia, and now much new information has come to light from collections made from the Cretaceous rocks of India.

An intrusion associated with the Ratagan Complex (Nicholls, 1950) outcrops in Glen Lichd, east of the main omplex. It is separated from the main complex by the Strathconon fault. The intrusion consists of red medium-grained leucocratic granodiorite and adamellite.

There are two well-preserved internal moulds in the collection which are very close indeed to the forms referred to Meek's species by Girty, but unfortunately nothing is known of the external ornamentation of the Peruvian specimens.

1. Thirty-six species of Foraminifera are recorded from various localities in the Hartwell Clay and associated beds. 2. The assemblage of species is characterized by:— (a) the abundance of rotulate Cristellarians of Lower Cretaceous type, and of Cristellaria fragraria. (b) the common occurrence of Vaginulina harpa, a Jurassic type. (c) the rarity of arenaceous, and the absence of porcellanous forms. 3. The Foraminifera from the Hartwell Clay are compared with those from other deposits in the Aylesbury district, and with those from foreign deposits of similar age. 4. The relative abundance of glauconite is a point of similarity between the Hartwell Clay and beds hitherto regarded as Kimmeridge Clay.

Dr. Duncan'S researches on the Palæontology of the West Indies have so much enhanced the value of any fossils found in those islands, that I do not hesitate to make a few remarks on some Orbitoides contained in a piece of Antiguan ‘Chert’, given many years ago, by Dr. Nugent, to the Geological Society, and to which Mr. H. M. Jenkins, Assistant-Secretary G.S., some months since directed my attention; and also on some specimens of fossiliferous flint and limestone from Jamaica.

The British form recognized under this designation appears to have been first recorded and figured from this country by J. de C. Sowerby (16, pl. lvii, fig. 30), who named it Asaphus or Trinucleus (?). He remarks “that no trace of the position of the eyes remains on the cast, which is also the case with the genus Trinucleus, Murchison”. This form was afterwards allocated by Salter to Phacops (Trimerocephalus) lœvis (Münst.) (13, p. 16, pl. i, figs. 5–7; 14, p. 1, pl. ix, figs. 1–5). Phillips had previously named the same species Calymene lœvis, Münst. (8, p. 129, pl. lv, fig. 250), a determination which both Salter (13, p. 16) and M'Coy (6, p. 404) showed to be at fault. This was complicated by the fact that Münster (7, pl. x, fig. 6; 7a, pl. v, fig. 4) had described two different forms under the same specific name, Trinucleus ? lœvis and Calymene lœvis, the latter of which Salter (13, p. 18) correctly adjudged to be a synonym of Phacops granulatus (Münst.) (Calymene auct.) (7a, pl. v, fig. 3). M'Coy had previously noted the identity of C. lœvis, Münst., with Calymene granulata of the same author, but assigned it to his genus Portlockia (6, p. 404).

A Basement Complex graphite-limestone on Changalumi Hill, along the eastern escarpment of the Southern Nyasaland rift-valley, exhibits various phenomena including contorted exotic boulders, migration of graphite, and injection of discordant veins into adjacent gneiss. These features indicate that the limestone has burst through its anticlinal roof during strong isoclinal folding at a relatively low temperature, engulfing and distorting a minor synclinal infold. The age of the break-through is proved to be pre-Chilwa Series and pre-Rifting.

The genus Hartwellia was founded by the late Dr. F. L. Kitchin (1926) for the reception of the well-known species from the Hartwell Clay which J. de C. Sowerby (1845, pl. Dcxlv, figs. 4, 5) had figured under the name Astarte hartwellensis. Kitchin was able to study specimens in which the hinge had been very clearly prepared and published excellent figures and a very detailed description of the internal as well as of the external characters of the shell.

What India has been in the past 300 years to our Army as a nursery in which our soldiershave obtained experience in their profession and earned their promotion, often to the highestrank, such in a lesser degree has it been to many of our geologists, who have, in the past much shorter period of 50 or 60 years, entered the service in this vast field of scientific enterprise, and, aided by a very few amateur geologists in the Army and of civilians attached to other branches of Government employ, have covered many thousand square miles of our Indian Empire with records of their untiring energy in the geological field.

The Pre-Cambrian rocks of the Grenville province of south-west Quebec in the Mont Tremblant Park area consists of granulites and associated gneisses formed under granulite facies conditions which are intruded by members of an anorthosite suite. At the contacts of these intrusives especially the late-stage members, the granulites and gneisses were found to be retrograded into rocks with mineral assemblages typical of the amphibolite facies. The transformation of the granulite facies rocks into rocks of lower amphibolite grade can be attributed to local introduction of water which was supplied during the emplacement and crystallization of this late-stage, volatile-enriched magma of the anorthosite suite.

Assuming that the Lizard Peninsula is a pre-Cambrian complex (Fiett), and that the Hornblende Schists of Pollurian have nothing to do with the northern sediments, it will be well to call attention at first to the extensive folding of the rocks at Pollurian, which, gradually loses itself as we pass northward in a series of lengthening S.E.–N.W. folds, finally dying away at Porthleven into more or less horizontal beds as we approach Trewavas. Minor contortion is ignored.

Strain distribution inside an elliptical shaped boudin under normal compressive stress is calculated by photo-elastic methods following Frocht (1966). The strain magnitude varies horizontally within the boudin and the value increases gradually from the central part of the body to the margin. The magnitude is nearly constant along the vertical central part of the boudin. Around the margin, inside the body, it shows an average value of the vertical and horizontal stress magnitudes. No actual change in the direction of shearing stress in different parts within the boudin is noted, hence no directional change of strain. Petrofabric diagrams of different parts of natural boudins showing the quartz (0001) plots, indicate no variation in the pattern of orientation in different parts of the body. However, the elongation ratio of quartz grains shows a correspondent increase with the increment of stress magnitude as noted in the experiments.

Detrital apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology has been applied to lower Pleistocene lacustrine fan-delta sediments of the NE shoulder of the Mugello Basin, the youngest and closest to the main watershed among the Northern Apennines intermontane basins. The aim was to decode the shoulder uplift dynamics during the development of the basin through the analysis of the Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine deposits. Bedrock shoulder analysis, performed to match the detrital AFT data with their source, revealed the presence of a unexpected only partially annealed portion of a turbidite foredeep unit (AFT ages >7–5 Ma) belonging to the structural complex that constitutes the shoulder bedrock. These data disagree with the AFT age distribution pattern of the well-studied Northern Apennines chain, suggesting a segmentation of the foredeep basin. The latter may have been related to the presence of a tectonically induced topographic high (pre-late Langhian) in the area limiting the thickness of the overriding Ligurian lid. On the other hand, detrital AFT data provided arguments for understanding the dynamics of Mugello Basin shoulder uplift and rotation. The proportion in the different stratigraphic units of the fan-delta sediments of single grains showing young (reset) and old (non-reset) ages points to late Early Pleistocene timing of the development of the SW-verging backthrust that characterizes the study area. These data confirm and detail the picture of an early Quaternary development of the Mugello Basin under a compressional setting, only later (middle Pleistocene to present) superimposed by normal faultings.

The Permian corals of Timor are of particular value on account of their excellent state of preservation which permits of close study of the skeletal structures. The works of Gerth, Koker, and Schindewolf have added much to our knowledge in this respect. In the course of my investigation on the rugose corals as a whole, I have studied a part of the Timor material in the British Museum (Natural History), upon which this present article is based, and I am grateful to the Keeper of the Department of Geology, and to Dr. H. D. Thomas for the loan of specimens, and for the privilege of cutting them in the Museum. Dr. O. M. B. Bulman and Dr. Thomas both kindly read the manuscript. To Professor W. B. R. King and Mr. A. G. Brighton I am indebted for facilities for study in the Sedgwick Museum.

Non-stratified, poorly-sorted rhyolitic ash deposits previously described as morainic and mudflow deposits are reinterpreted as ignimbrites emplaced in the topographically lower parts of the Santiago basin by pyroclastic flows. These flows probably originated from sources high in the Andes, and swept down the deep Maipo valley to spread out over the sediments filling the basin. An ignimbrite with a zone of dense welding but otherwise of similar character to the non-welded ashes of the basin occurs in one of the Andean valleys; and peculiar ‘pipe’ structures in the ashes of the basin support a pyroclastic flow origin.

Further study of the nature and origin of these rocks may lead to a better understanding of the structural evolution of the area.

DURING recent years considerable progress has been made in the study of the palaeontology of the Coal-measures. Attention has been directed to the flora, and to the marine and non-marine faunas. Although it is undesirable to attempt a complete revision of the classification of the Coal-measures until further work has been carried out, it may be useful to indicate certain conclusions which appear to be in accord with present knowledge.