Sovereign immunity — Immunity from execution — Property of foreign State used for commercial purposes — Whether bank account used for expenses of diplomatic mission immune — Mixed fund in use for commercial and public purposes — Waiver of immunity — Arbitration clause — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Public vessels — Exceptions to immunity in cases of maritime liens based upon commercial activity — Scope of exception — Whether limited to maritime torts based upon a prior commercial relationship between plaintiffs and foreign State — Claim in respect of collision allegedly caused by commercial cargo vessel owned by foreign State — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States — Motion to confirm arbitration award — Refusal by Republic of Guinea to consent to arbitration procedure — Whether Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 granted Court jurisdiction to order Republic of Guinea to arbitrate — Effect of Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 Sections 1605 (a) 1 and 1605 (a) 2 — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States and State-owned corporations — Personal injury actions against a foreign State-owned corporation — Whether plaintiffs entitled to jury trial — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Whether denial of jury trial a contravention of the Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution — History of sovereign immunity — Actions against foreign States originally unknown at common law — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States — Service of process — Whether service by telex permissible — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State and central bank — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Requirements for jurisdiction — Distinction between questions of subject matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction — Commercial activity — Acts having direct effect in the United States — Judicial role under United States Constitution — Service of process upon foreign State — Statutory requirements for personal jurisdiction — Constitutional due process requirements — Minimum jurisdictional contacts — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign government agency — Purchase of foodstuffs — Whether commercial activity — Whether carried on in the United States — Need to view transaction as a whole — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Personal jurisdiction — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Grant of jurisdiction to Federal courts — Scope of grant — Whether Act encompasses action by an alien against a foreign State — Whether grant of subject matter jurisdiction over such a case constitutional — Whether Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act creates causes of action — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State-owned corporations — Central bank — Restrictive theory of sovereign immunity — Commercial activity — Acts characterized by reference to their nature rather than their purpose — Need to consider acts upon which claim based rather than general activities of foreign entity — Whether central bank had acted in commercial capacity in issuing cheque drawn on a foreign bank or in exercise of governmental function of regulating foreign exchange — Exception to immunity in cases of confiscation of property in breach of international law — Exception to immunity in respect of tortious conduct causing injury in the United States — Whether tortious conduct has to take place inside the United States — Scope of Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Whether going beyond restrictive theory — Burden of establishing immunity — Act of State doctrine — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States — Whether the Bahamas amenable to suit in United States courts for personal injuries allegedly caused by Bahamian police to child on board United States registered fishing boat — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Whether plaintiff's claim was in respect of a tort committed inside the United States — Territorial waters — Fishery Conservation Zone — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Public vessels — State-owned corporation — State shipping corporation — Collision in Mediterranean — Actions for damages to ship and cargo, death and personal injury — Whether action based upon commercial activity carried on in the United States — Whether action based upon State-owned corporation's worldwide shipping activities or upon single voyage — Whether collision causing direct effect in the United States — Waiver of immunity — Whether immunity waived by corporation filing conditional claim and answer to be considered only if plea of immunity failed — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Treaties — Reservations — Status of objection to a reservation — Whether United States objection to a reservation to be taken as forming part of international agreement — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States and government instrumentalities — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Commercial activity exception to sovereign immunity — Scope of exception — Requirement of sufficient contacts with forum — Liability of State for acts of its agencies — Respondeat superior — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State-owned corporations — Commercial activity — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Requirement that action be based upon a commercial activity carried on in the United States — Action by foreign seamen against foreign shipping corporation for wages — Whether sufficient jurisdictional contacts — Service of process — Relationship between actions in rem and in personam — Service of process — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State-owned corporations — Nature of plea of immunity — Plea which goes to subject matter jurisdiction — Waiver of immunity — Whether to be inferred from dilatory conduct in raising and arguing plea — Restrictive theory — Commercial activity — Connection with the United States — Action for personal injuries against manufacturer of allegedly defective product — Agreement to arbitrate disputes in third State — Whether a waiver of immunity before United States courts — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States and State-owned corporations — Personal injury actions against a foreign State-owned corporation — Whether plaintiffs entitled to jury trial — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Whether denial of jury trial a contravention of the Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution — History of sovereign immunity — Actions against foreign States originally unknown at common law — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State-owned corporations — United States subsidiary of foreign State trading corporation — Jurisdiction of the United States National Labor Relations Board — Whether appropriate for Board to exercise jurisdiction — The law of the United States