We characterize the expressive power of extensions of Dependence Logic and Independence Logic by monotone generalized quantifiers in terms of quantifier extensions of existential second-order logic.

An inaccessible cardinal κ is supercompact when (κ, λ)-ITP holds for all λ ≥ κ. We prove that if there is a model of ZFC with infinitely many supercompact cardinals, then there is a model of ZFC where for every n ≥ 2 and μ ≥ ℕn, we have (ℕn, μ)-ITP.

A seminal theorem due to Weyl [14] states that if (an) is any sequence of distinct integers, then, for almost every x ∈ ℝ, the sequence (anx) is uniformly distributed modulo one. In particular, for almost every x in the unit interval, the sequence (anx) is uniformly distributed modulo one for every computable sequence (an) of distinct integers. Call such an x UD random. Here it is shown that every Schnorr random real is UD random, but there are Kurtz random reals that are not UD random. On the other hand, Weyl's theorem still holds relative to a particular effectively closed null set, so there are UD random reals that are not Kurtz random.