This journal is a wholly open access journal, which means all articles are published Gold Open Access under a Creative Commons licence In many cases the costs of publishing Gold Open Access articles are covered by institutional open access agreements. If you are not covered by such an agreement, another option is for an article processing charge (APC) to be paid, typically by your funding body or institution. This journal also supports Gold Open Access through equity initiatives and APC waivers and discounts, in order to ensure that no author will face a financial barrier to publication. Please see this journal's open access options for full details.

For cases where an APC is required, please see the table below for this journal’s APC rates (additional taxes may apply).

Article Processing Charges for this journal

Currency	APC
GBP (£)	2460
USD ($)	3550

Colour print charges

There is no charge for publishing figures in colour in the online version of this journal. However, authors who choose to have figures in their article printed will need to pay a fee for colour printing. The fees for this journal are displayed below. If you request colour figures in the printed version of your article, you will be contacted by CCC-Rightslink who are acting on our behalf to collect Author Charges. Please follow their instructions in order to avoid any delay in the publication of your article.