The Fatou–Julia theory for rational functions has been extended both to transcendental meromorphic functions and more recently to several different types of quasiregular mappings in higher dimensions. We extend the iterative theory to quasimeromorphic mappings with an essential singularity at infinity and at least one pole, constructing the Julia set for these maps. We show that this Julia set shares many properties with those for transcendental meromorphic functions and for quasiregular mappings of punctured space.

Let A ⊆ [1, N] be a set of integers with |A| ≫ $\sqrt N$. We show that if A avoids about p/2 residue classes modulo p for each prime p, then A must correlate additively with the squares S = {n2 : 1 ≤ n ≤ $\sqrt N$}, in the sense that we have the additive energy estimate

$$ E(A,S)\gg N\log N. $$

It is well known that the minimum crossing number of an alternating link equals the number of crossings in any reduced alternating link diagram of the link. This remarkable result is an application of the Jones polynomial. In the case of the braid index of an alternating link, Yamada showed that the minimum number of Seifert circles over all regular projections of a link equals the braid index. Thus one may conjecture that the number of Seifert circles in a reduced alternating diagram of the link equals the braid index of the link, but this turns out to be false. In this paper we prove the next best thing that one could hope for: we characterise exactly those alternating links for which their braid indices equal the numbers of Seifert circles in their corresponding reduced alternating link diagrams. More specifically, we prove that if D is a reduced alternating link diagram of an alternating link L, then b(L), the braid index of L, equals the number of Seifert circles in D if and only if GS(D) contains no edges of weight one. Here GS(D), called the Seifert graph of D, is an edge weighted simple graph obtained from D by identifying each Seifert circle of D as a vertex of GS(D) such that two vertices in GS(D) are connected by an edge if and only if the two corresponding Seifert circles share crossings between them in D and that the weight of the edge is the number of crossings between the two Seifert circles. This result is partly based on the well-known MFW inequality, which states that the a-span of the HOMFLY polynomial of L is a lower bound of 2b(L)−2, as well as the result of Yamada relating the minimum number of Seifert circles over all link diagrams of L to b(L).

Let P be a finitely generated ideal of a commutative ring R. Krull's principal ideal theorem states that if R is Noetherian and P is minimal over a principal ideal of R, then P has height at most one. Straightforward examples show that this assertion fails if R is not Noetherian. We consider what can be asserted in the non-Noetherian case in place of Krull's theorem.

Let G be a permutation group on a set Ω. A subset of Ω is a base for G if its pointwise stabiliser in G is trivial. In this paper we introduce and study an associated graph Σ(G), which we call the Saxl graph of G. The vertices of Σ(G) are the points of Ω, and two vertices are adjacent if they form a base for G. This graph encodes some interesting properties of the permutation group. We investigate the connectivity of Σ(G) for a finite transitive group G, as well as its diameter, Hamiltonicity, clique and independence numbers, and we present several open problems. For instance, we conjecture that if G is a primitive group with a base of size 2, then the diameter of Σ(G) is at most 2. Using a probabilistic approach, we establish the conjecture for some families of almost simple groups. For example, the conjecture holds when G = Sn or An (with n > 12) and the point stabiliser of G is a primitive subgroup. In contrast, we can construct imprimitive groups whose Saxl graph is disconnected with arbitrarily many connected components, or connected with arbitrarily large diameter.

We propose topological Hochschild homology as a tool for measuring ramification of maps of structured ring spectra. We determine second order topological Hochschild homology of the p-local integers. For the tamely ramified extension of the map from the connective Adams summand to p-local complex topological K-theory we determine the relative topological Hochschild homology and show that it detects the tame ramification of this extension. We show that the complexification map from connective topological real to complex K-theory shows features of a wildly ramified extension. We also determine relative topological Hochschild homology for some quotient maps with commutative quotients.

We provide a non-trivial measure of irrationality for a class of Mahler numbers defined by infinite products. This class includes the Thue–Morse constant. Among other things, our results imply a generalisation to [12].

We run an iteration argument due to Pramanik and Seeger, to provide a proof of sharp decoupling inequalities for conical surfaces and for k-cones. These are extensions of results of Łaba and Pramanik to sharp exponents.

We show that on a two-dimensional compact nontrapping manifold with strictly convex boundary, a piecewise constant function is determined by its integrals over geodesics. In higher dimensions, we obtain a similar result if the manifold satisfies a foliation condition. These theorems are based on iterating a local uniqueness result. Our proofs are elementary.

This paper considers an invariant of modules over a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra, called the critical group. This generalises the critical groups of complex finite group representations studied in [1, 11]. A formula is given for the cardinality of the critical group generally, and the critical group for the regular representation is described completely. A key role in the formulas is played by the greatest common divisor of the dimensions of the indecomposable projective representations.

In this paper, we study orbifold constructions associated with the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra. As an application, we prove that the structure of a strongly regular holomorphic vertex operator algebra of central charge 24 is uniquely determined by its weight one Lie algebra if the Lie algebra has the type A3,43A1,2, A4,52, D4,12A2,6, A6,7, A7,4A1,13, D5,8A1,2 or D6,5A1,12 by using the reverse orbifold construction. Our result also provides alternative constructions of these vertex operator algebras (except for the case A6,7) from the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra.

We describe a construction which associates to any median metric space a pseudometric satisfying the binary intersection property for closed balls. Under certain conditions, this implies that the resulting space is, in fact, an injective metric space, bilipschitz equivalent to the original metric. In the course of doing this, we derive a few other facts about median metrics, and the geometry of CAT(0) cube complexes. One motivation for the study of such metrics is that they arise as asymptotic cones of certain naturally occurring spaces.

Given any dimension function h, we construct a perfect set E ⊆ ${\mathbb{R}}$ of zero h-Hausdorff measure, that contains any finite polynomial pattern.

This is achieved as a special case of a more general construction in which we have a family of functions $\mathcal{F}$ that satisfy certain conditions and we construct a perfect set E in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$, of h-Hausdorff measure zero, such that for any finite set {f1,. . .,fn} ⊆ $\mathcal{F}$, E satisfies that $\bigcap_{i=1}^n f^{-1}_i(E)\neq\emptyset$.

We also obtain an analogous result for the images of functions. Additionally we prove some related results for countable (not necessarily finite) intersections, obtaining, instead of a perfect set, an $\mathcal{F}_{\sigma}$ set without isolated points.

Let χ(t) = a0tn – a1tn−1 + ⋯ + (−1)rartn−r be the chromatic polynomial of a graph, the characteristic polynomial of a matroid, or the characteristic polynomial of an arrangement of hyperplanes. For any integer k = 0, 1, …, r and real number x ⩾ k − r − 1, we obtain a linear bound of the coefficient sequence, that is

\begin{align*} {r+x\choose k}\leqslant \sum_{i=0}^{k}a_{i}{x\choose k-i}\leqslant {m+x\choose k}, \end{align*}

We show for sequences $\left(a_{n}\right)_{n \in \mathbb N}$ of distinct positive integers with maximal order of additive energy, that the sequence $\left(\left\{a_{n} \alpha\right\}\right)_{n \in \mathbb N}$ does not have Poissonian pair correlations for any α. This result essentially sharpens a result obtained by J. Bourgain on this topic.

This classification is found by analyzing the action of a normal subgroup of B3 as hyperbolic isometries. This paper gives an example of an unfaithful specialisation of the Burau representation on B4 that is faithful when restricted to B3, as well as examples of unfaithful specialisations of B3.

We present a definable smooth version of the Thom transversality theorem. We show further that the set of non-transverse definable smooth maps is nowhere dense in the definable smooth topology. Finally, we prove a definable version of a theorem of Trotman which says that the Whitney (a)-regularity of a stratification is necessary and sufficient for the stability of transversality.

Let G be a finite group and p be a prime. We investigate isomorphism invariants of $\mathbb{Z}_p$[G]-lattices whose extension of scalars to $\mathbb{Q}_p$ is self-dual, called regulator constants. These were originally introduced by Dokchitser–Dokchitser in the context of elliptic curves. Regulator constants canonically yield a pairing between the space of Brauer relations for G and the subspace of the representation ring for which regulator constants are defined. For all G, we show that this pairing is never identically zero. For formal reasons, this pairing will, in general, have non-trivial kernel. But, if G has cyclic Sylow p-subgroups and we restrict to considering permutation lattices, then we show that the pairing is non-degenerate modulo the formal kernel. Using this we can show that, for certain groups, including dihedral groups of order 2p for p odd, the isomorphism class of any $\mathbb{Z}_p$[G]-lattice whose extension of scalars to $\mathbb{Q}_p$ is self-dual, is determined by its regulator constants, its extension of scalars to $\mathbb{Q}_p$, and a cohomological invariant of Yakovlev.

We show that the parabola is of strong Khintchine type for convergence, which is the first result of its kind for curves. Moreover, Jarník type theorems are established in both the simultaneous and the dual settings, without monotonicity on the approximation function. To achieve the above, we prove a new counting result for the number of rational points with fixed denominators lying close to the parabola, which uses Burgess’s bound on short character sums.

Let (R, 𝔪) be a commutative noetherian local ring. In this paper, we prove that if 𝔪 is decomposable, then for any finitely generated R-module M of infinite projective dimension 𝔪 is a direct summand of (a direct sum of) syzygies of M. Applying this result to the case where 𝔪 is quasi-decomposable, we obtain several classifications of subcategories, including a complete classification of the thick subcategories of the singularity category of R.