GUIDELINES FOR SUBMISSION AND HOUSE STYLE

The diverse content of PBSR presents problems of uniformity in the style of presentation of articles. Consistency within a paper is the main priority. None the less, it is expected that contributors will, so far as is possible, follow the instructions set out below.

TEXT

For articles in English, the UK spelling standards should be used. Normally quotations from other languages (including ancient ones) should be accompanied by translations into the language in which the article is written. If a published translation is used, the translator should be acknowledged.

Where Greek is required, a Unicode font should be used (it may also be helpful to submit a PDF file along with the Word file for submissions where a significant amount of Greek text appears). Transliterated Greek should only be used for words and phrases that are well established in English. Greek names and places should be Latinized: Socrates, Cyzicus.

REFERENCES

Notes should be numbered consecutively through the text. They should start at 1, and not include, for example, a first note marked by a symbol.

From the 2018 volume onwards, PBSR requires all authors to follow the Harvard (Author-Date) System. The Short Title System will no longer be accepted.

All works cited should be listed in full (alphabetically by author’s surname) in a separate References list, which may be divided into primary and secondary sources. In the text, these works should be cited by author’s surname, year of publication, and page reference (if applicable). Where there are more than three authors, only the first should be named and the others indicated by et al. Citations of authors/works should normally be placed in the text, rather than given as notes (although notes may be used for additional comment, and must be used where separate works by more than three different authors or groups of authors are referenced at a single point). All works listed in the ‘References’ must be referred to in the article.

An appropriate form of note system may be used for primary or archival sources where necessary, including the following information where it is available: Place of deposit, Institution, Series or Author, Title and/or volume number, Date where appropriate, folio (e.g. London, British Library, Additional MS 17,919, Richard Symonds, Notices of Ancient Buildings in and about Rome (1649), fol. 1).

Here are some examples of the style to be used:

Please note the following additional points.

Multiple references to the same author and year: these should be labelled, for example, 1985a and 1985b (not 1985 and 1985a).

References in the text to separate works by two or three different authors or groups of authors: these should be given in chronological order, with the earliest first, for example: (Herlihy, 1967, 2005; Arthur, 1985; Herlihy et al. 1997). The same applies to references to separate works by more than three authors or groups of authors, but these should be cited in a footnote, not in the text.

References in text should take the following forms:
‘… as was noted by Smith (1967: 24) …’
‘… this point has been made (Smith, 1967: 24) …’
‘… as Smith (1967, 1968) has shown …’
‘ … (Plog, Plog and Wait, 1978) …’
‘ … (Whitehouse et al., 1982) …’

Please note that page references both in the main text and in footnotes should be preceded by a colon, so Fahlbusch 1977: 758–62; La Rocca 1990: 324.

GENERAL

Abbreviations, for example of journal titles and standard works, should be used only if absolutely necessary. If authors must resort to abbreviations, then a standard list must be referenced in an opening footnote. References in the main text should normally be given in full.

References in English: in book titles initial capitals should be used for all main words, including The or A at the start of a subtitle; in article titles initial capitals should be used only for proper nouns (see examples above).

References in Italian: initial capital letters should be used only for proper nouns in book and article titles.

References in German: initial capital letters should be used for all nouns in book and article titles.

References in French: initial capital letters should be used only for proper nouns in book and article titles, and the first words of subtitles.

Names of periodicals: capital letters should be used for all nouns and adjectives in all languages.

Volume numbers: for periodicals, arabic figures should be used; for books in more than one volume, upper-case Roman numerals should be used. The word volume/vol. should be omitted.

Page numbers: ‘p.’ and ‘pp.’ should be omitted unless they are absolutely essential for clarity. 

Illustrative material: references to illustrative material in other works should be in lower-case letters, for example, ‘fig.’, ‘figs’, ‘table’, ‘tav.’ (unless to works in German, in which case there should be an initial capital).

Miscellaneous matter such as the place of publication, abbreviated form of editors, and ‘and’ should be given in the language in which your article is written.

REFERENCES TO ACCOMPANYING ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES

All illustrations should be referred to as ‘Figures’ and will be integrated within the text. (See below for further details.) Reference must be made in the text to every illustration. They should be numbered according to the occurrence of the major reference in the text. Tables should be referred to as ‘Tables’ and numbered consecutively. The following forms should be used: ‘Fig.’, ‘Figs’, ‘Table’, ‘Tables’ (note the use of capital letters).

REFERENCES TO OTHER PAGES OR NOTES IN THE TYPESCRIPT

Please avoid referring specifically to other pages in the typescript, since the page numbering within the online FirstView version will differ from the final print version. 

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

Metric units must be used throughout or given as a comparison. (For recommended abbreviations see below.)

ABBREVIATIONS

Contributors should see the list appended below.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Once your paper has been accepted, illustrations must be submitted electronically as individual files. Some general guidance on creating suitable electronic figures can be found in the ‘Cambridge Journals Artwork Guide’. 

Illustrations must be prepared with the page format of the Papers in mind (maximum available area = 135 × 200 mm, including caption). Colour illustrations should only be used when absolutely necessary, and in the printed volume will normally be included as a black and white image within the text and reproduced in colour in a separate plate section at the end of the volume. All illustrations supplied in colour will be published in colour within the text in the online version, unless otherwise requested.

All images should be numbered in a single sequence, as Figures. 

ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION 

Once a paper is accepted, please note the following:

• Each illustration must be supplied as a separate file, and must not be included with the text.
• Files should be supplied preferably as TIFF or EPS files.
• For line illustrations, the minimum resolution should be 600 dpi, although 800–1200 dpi is recommended.
• Half-tones should be scanned at 300 dpi.
• Colour illustrations should be scanned at a minimum of 300 dpi.
• Line and tone combination illustrations should be supplied at 600 dpi.
• File names should clearly indicate the author (whether by initials or first part of surname) and figure number.

LINE ILLUSTRATIONS

The strength of lines and lettering on artwork should take account of the degree of reduction expected. Scales should be included, where appropriate, on the drawing and should be metric. North signs should be included also where appropriate.

COLOUR ILLUSTRATIONS

Colour files must be supplied as CMYK (not RGB) at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. If an image is selected for the cover we may require a higher resolution. Note that the image size must be no smaller than the size at which it will appear in the journal. 

Where images are to be hired, please consult the Editors regarding the production timetable, so that you request them at an appropriate time.

CAPTIONS

A separate list must be supplied, including sources, copyright details and acknowledgements, if appropriate.

TABLES

Tables (including tabular catalogues and appendices) should take into account the page format and any necessary reduction required. If a table is particularly complex, a PDF will be required from the contributor in addition to an editable table in Word. Tables should normally be supplied in a separate file, rather than be included within the text of the article.

DATASETS

Where an article relies upon access or linkage to large-scale datasets, you are recommended to discuss digital storage of material with the Editors in advance and to provide clear details when submitting an article for consideration. For PBSR it is anticipated that the default will be storage with CUP. Where previous agreements have been made, the default will be the Archaeology Data Service. Costs of digital storage and maintenance, and all responsibility, lie with the authors and not with the BSR. Acceptance of an article with substantial datasets in digital form will be given only where the Faculty is convinced that such storage is secure and long term.

STYLE, ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

[Note: # indicates a space.]

Item	Required form
headings	numbered 1, 2, 3 etc. for main headings, then 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 for subheadings, and so on.
numerals — cardinal	one → twenty, 21 →. At beginning of sentence, in words. Include a comma in numbers 1,000 and over (except dates).
numerals — ordinal	first → twentieth, 21st →. At beginning of sentence, in words.
dates — absolute	123 BC  fifth millennium BC  AD 30  fifth century AD
dates — radiocarbon	uncalibrated — 46,400 bp; calibrated — 400 cal. BC
dates — precise	29 July 1245
1230s	as shown (that is, no apostrophe)
number and date ranges	1–9  14–19  22–5  134–47  248–314  1974–5  1871–1923, but 356–354 BC.
metric units of length	use km  m  mm (that is, without full point; and with numbers as figures, not words); include a space between the number and the unit). For example, 3 km, 4.5 m, 60 mm.
circa	c.# before figures, otherwise in full as shown
per cent	% immediately after figure; per cent in text
direction	northeast  north–south  south  north-northwest. Do not abbreviate.
footnote numbers	in superscript, after the full point or other punctuation mark
italics	individual words not in the language of the article and not in inverted commas should normally be italicized (refer to the current edition of Hart’s Rules for general guidance on such issues)
inverted commas	use single. Display and indent quotes that are more than 50 words: displayed quotes do not require inverted commas. Punctuation follows closing inverted comma in general.
quotations	quotations in a language other than that of the article should not be italicized if they are in inverted commas; otherwise italicize
ize  ise	ize should be used
hyphenation within words	avoid if possible, otherwise follow Oxford Spelling Dictionary
accents	include all, and ensure that they have shown correctly in a pdf supplied
illustration and table references	to material in your article, the correct formats are: Fig.  Figs  Table  Tables; to material in other works, fig.  figs  table  tables  plate  plates.
number	use in full if possible, otherwise no. or nos.
note	in references (in text or notes), n.# may be used; however, if there is any room for confusion, give in full
Dr  Prof.  ed.  eds	abbreviate as shown (that is, omit full point if last letter of word is part of the contraction: however, see below)
Saint  St  San ...	Saint (not St)  San  Santa  Sant’  Santi should be used
e.g.#	use ‘for example’ whenever possible; otherwise abbreviate as shown
i.e.#	use ‘that is’ whenever possible; otherwise abbreviate as shown
et al.	use et al. in text references when there are more than three authors. In list of references all authors must be cited.
cf. [contrast]	cf.#
in situ	as shown
passim	as shown
mid	usually should be followed by a hyphen
line	l. and ll. may be used for inscriptions
v. supra etc.	use ‘see above’ etc.
MS  MSS	for manuscript(s) — abbreviate as shown
fol.  fols	for folio(s) — abbreviate as shown
r  v	for recto and verso
ff.  f.	do not use f. but give next page number; ff. should be avoided, and the end page number given
&	do not use
titles	Pope/King/Count etc. + name; more generally, the pope/king/count etc.
Protestant  Catholic	as shown
Early Bronze Age	noun — as shown; adjective — lower-case initial letters
names of rivers	river Tiber etc.
centuries	from the seventh to the ninth centuries twelfth and thirteenth centuries in the fourth or fifth century
century (hyphenation)	thirteenth-century if used adjectivally
1128–30	use a dash where this means from 1128 to 1130
1128/30	use a slash where this means at an uncertain point datable between 1128 and 1130 inclusive