Current healthy eating guidelines recommend at least six servings from the breads, cereals and potato group of the food pyramid, depending on energy requirements (age, gender and activity levels)(1). However, there is evidence that the rise in obesity is occurring in parallel with consumption of larger portion sizes(Reference Rolls, Morris and Roe2). Differences in size between portions that are normally consumed and those that are recommended may confuse individuals who are attempting to follow healthy eating guidelines. The aim of the present study was to determine ‘what makes the most sense’ to consumers in terms of ‘average portion size’ for foods within the breads, cereals and potato group.
A standardised questionnaire designed to assess preferences and understanding of portion size was administered to 1011 respondents surveyed at two large Dublin supermarkets. Two food displays were created as a visual aid to help respondents provide answers to the questionnaire: one contained smaller portion sizes, based on Irish and UK portion sizes data(3); the other contained larger portions of the same foods modelled on Australian portion sizes(4). The energy content ranged between 293 and 523 kJ (70 and 125 kcal) for the smaller display and between 460 and 912 kJ (110 and 218 kcal) for the larger display.
The two supermarkets represented both an advantaged and a disadvantaged socio-economic area. A wide range of adult age groups were surveyed and 72% were female. SPSS (version 14.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyse the data (χ2).
Significant differences between subgroups: genders, P<0.001; age groups, P<0.01; supermarkets, NS.
Approximately 75% of shoppers stated that the larger portions were ‘the best fit with their idea of average’. This trend was similar for all subgroups, although more men preferred larger portions (P<0.001) and more of those aged 50 years favoured smaller portions (P<0.01). Approximately 60% of respondents would like to change the portion sizes of some foods they chose as being closest to their overall idea of ‘average’. Larger portions were favoured for breakfast cereals, soda and batch bread and rice and pasta, while smaller portions were preferred for mashed potato.
Recommended portion sizes within this food group should be enlarged to be more meaningful. However, in light of the rise in obesity, the energy content should be kept within as narrow a range as possible. Awareness of portion size will most likely involve considerable consumer education.
We would like to acknowledge Dunnes Stores for facilitating data collection.
