Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T00:08:59.198Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The fate of heritability in the postgenomic era

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2012

Kevin MacDonald
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University–Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840. kevin.macdonald@csulb.edu
Peter J. LaFreniere
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orone, ME 04469. Peter_LaFreniere@umit.maine.edu

Abstract

This commentary argues that age changes in heritability are incompatible with Charney's theory. The new genetics must be tempered by the findings that many epigenetic phenomena are random and are linked to pathology, thus making them peripheral to the design of complex adaptations. Behavior-genetic findings are compatible with strong maternal effects; G × E correlations likely underestimate environmental effects; and G × E interactions are unlikely to be an important aspect of normal development.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van Uzendoorn, M. H., Bokhorst, C. L. & Schuengel, C. (2004) The importance of shared environment in infant-father attachment: A behavioral genetic study of the attachment Q-Sort. Journal of Family Psychology 18(3):545–49.Google Scholar
Bokhorst, C. L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Pasco Fearon, R. M., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Fonagy, P. & Schuengel, C. (2003) The importance of shared environment in mother–infant attachment security: A behavioral genetic study. Child Development 74:1769–82.Google Scholar
Deary, I. J., Spinath, F. M. & Bates, T. C. (2006) The genetics of intelligence. European Journal of Human Genetics 14:690700.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1997) Synthesizing nature-nurture: Prenatal roots of instinctive behavior. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Haworth, C. M. A., Wright, M. J., Luciano, M., Martin, N. G., de Geus, E. J. C., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Bartels, M., Posthuma, D., Boomsma, D. I., Davis, O. S. P., Kovas, Y., Corley, R. P., DeFries, J. C., Hewitt, J. K., Olson, R. K., Rhea, S.-A., Wadsworth, S. J., Iacono, W. G., McGue, M., Thompson, L. A., Hart, S. A., Petrill, S. A., Lubinski, D. & Plomin, R. (2010) The heritability of general cognitive ability increases linearly from childhood to young adulthood. Molecular Psychiatry 15(11):1112–20. doi: 10.1038/mp.2009.55.Google Scholar
Hill, W. G., Goddard, M. E. & Visscher, P. M. (2008) Data and theory point to mainly additive genetic variance for complex traits. PLoS Genetics 4(2):e1000008. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maccoby, E. (2000) Parenting and its effects on children: On reading and misreading behavior genetics. Annual Review of Psychology 51:127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacDonald, K. & Hershberger, S. (2005) Theoretical issues in the study of evolution and development. In: Evolutionary perspectives on human development, 2nd edition, ed. Burgess, R. & MacDonald, K., pp. 2172. Sage.Google Scholar
Meaney, M. J. (2010) Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene×environment interactions. Child Development 81:4179.Google Scholar
O'Connor, T. G. & Croft, C. M. (2001) A twin study of attachment in preschool children. Child Development 72:1501–11.Google Scholar
Pasco Fearon, R. M., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Fonagy, P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Schuengel, C. & Bokhorst, C. L. (2006) In search of shared and nonshared environmental factors in security of attachment: A behavior-genetic study of the association between sensitivity and attachment security. Developmental Psychology 42(6):1026–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roisman, G. I. & Fraley, R. C. (2008) A behavior–genetic study of parenting quality, infant attachment security, and their covariation in a nationally representative sample. Developmental Psychology 44:831–39.Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B. Carlson, E. A. & Collins, W. A. (2005) The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Wahlsten, D. (1990) Insensitivity of the analysis of variance to heredity-environment interaction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13(1):109–20.Google Scholar