For two $\sigma $ -unital $C^*$ -algebras, we consider two equivalence bimodules over them, respectively. Then, by taking the crossed products by the equivalence bimodules, we get two inclusions of $C^*$ -algebras. Furthermore, we suppose that one of the inclusions of $C^*$ -algebras is irreducible, that is, the relative commutant of one of the $\sigma $ -unital $C^*$ -algebras in the multiplier $C^*$ -algebra of the crossed product is trivial. We will give a sufficient and necessary condition that the two inclusions are strongly Morita equivalent. Applying this result, we will compute the Picard group of a unital inclusion of unital $C^*$ -algebras induced by an equivalence bimodule over the unital $C^*$ -algebra under the assumption that the unital inclusion of unital $C^*$ -algebras is irreducible.

In the first part of the paper, we use states on $C^{*}$-algebras in order to establish some equivalent statements to equality in the triangle inequality, as well as to the parallelogram identity for elements of a pre-Hilbert $C^{*}$-module. We also characterize the equality case in the triangle inequality for adjointable operators on a Hilbert $C^{*}$-module. Then we give certain necessary and sufficient conditions to the Pythagoras identity for two vectors in a pre-Hilbert $C^{*}$-module under the assumption that their inner product has a negative real part. We introduce the concept of Pythagoras orthogonality and discuss its properties. We describe this notion for Hilbert space operators in terms of the parallelogram law and some limit conditions. We present several examples in order to illustrate the relationship between the Birkhoff–James, Roberts, and Pythagoras orthogonalities, and the usual orthogonality in the framework of Hilbert $C^{*}$-modules.

Since their inception in the 1930s by von Neumann, operator algebras have been used to shed light on many mathematical theories. Classification results for self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint operator algebras manifest this approach, but a clear connection between the two has been sought since their emergence in the late 1960s. We connect these seemingly separate types of results by uncovering a hierarchy of classification for non-self-adjoint operator algebras and $C^{*}$-algebras with additional $C^{*}$-algebraic structure. Our approach naturally applies to algebras arising from $C^{*}$-correspondences to resolve self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint isomorphism problems in the literature. We apply our strategy to completely elucidate this newly found hierarchy for operator algebras arising from directed graphs.

We introduce a dimension group for a self-similar map as the $\mathrm {K}_0$ -group of the core of the C*-algebra associated with the self-similar map together with the canonical endomorphism. The key step for the computation is an explicit description of the core as the inductive limit using their matrix representations over the coefficient algebra, which can be described explicitly by the singularity structure of branched points. We compute that the dimension group for the tent map is isomorphic to the countably generated free abelian group ${\mathbb Z}^{\infty }\cong {\mathbb Z}[t]$ together with the unilateral shift, i.e. the multiplication map by t as an abstract group. Thus the canonical endomorphisms on the $\mathrm {K}_0$ -groups are not automorphisms in general. This is a different point compared with dimension groups for topological Markov shifts. We can count the singularity structure in the dimension groups.

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for nuclearity of Cuntz–Nica–Pimsner algebras for a variety of quasi-lattice ordered groups. First we deal with the free abelian lattice case. We use this as a stepping-stone to tackle product systems over quasi-lattices that are controlled by the free abelian lattice and satisfy a minimality property. Our setting accommodates examples like the Baumslag–Solitar lattice for $n=m>0$ and the right-angled Artin groups. More generally, the class of quasi-lattices for which our results apply is closed under taking semi-direct and graph products. In the process we accomplish more. Our arguments tackle Nica–Pimsner algebras that admit a faithful conditional expectation on a small fixed point algebra and a faithful copy of the coefficient algebra. This is the case for CNP-relative quotients in-between the Toeplitz–Nica–Pimsner algebra and the Cuntz–Nica–Pimsner algebra. We complete this study with the relevant results on exactness.

We realize every small rigid C*-tensor category with simple unit object as Hilbert C*-bimodules.

In this paper, we obtain some characterizations of the (strong) Birkhoff–James orthogonality for elements of Hilbert ${{C}^{*}}$-modules and certain elements of $\mathbb{B}\left( H \right)$. Moreover, we obtain a kind of Pythagorean relation for bounded linear operators. In addition, for $T\in \mathbb{B}(H)$ we prove that if the norm attaining set ${{\mathbb{M}}_{T}}$ is a unit sphere of some finite dimensional subspace ${{H}_{0}}$ of $H$ and $||T|{{|}_{{{H}_{0}}\bot }}\,<\,\,||T||$, then for every $S\in \mathbb{B}(H)$, $T$ is the strong Birkhoff–James orthogonal to $S$ if and only if there exists a unit vector $\xi \in {{H}_{0}}$ such that $||T||\xi =\,|T|\xi $ and ${{S}^{*}}T\xi =0$. Finally, we introduce a new type of approximate orthogonality and investigate this notion in the setting of inner product ${{C}^{*}}$-modules.

Let A = C(X) ⊗ K(H), where X is a compact Hausdorff space and K(H) is the algebra of compact operators on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Let A s be the algebra of strong*-continuous functions from X to K(H). Then A s /A is the inner corona algebra of A. We show that if X has no isolated points, then A s /A is an essential ideal of the corona algebra of A, and Prim(A s /A), the primitive ideal space of A s /A, is not weakly Lindelof. If X is also first countable, then there is a natural injection from the power set of X to the lattice of closed ideals of A s /A. If X = βℕ\ℕ and the continuum hypothesis (CH) is assumed, then the corona algebra of A is a proper subalgebra of the multiplier algebra of A s /A. Several of the results are obtained in the more general setting of C 0(X)-algebras.

Let $E$ be a (right) Hilbert module over a $C^{\ast }$-algebra $A$. If $E$ is equipped with a left action of a second $C^{\ast }$-algebra $B$, then tensor product with $E$ gives rise to a functor from the category of Hilbert $B$-modules to the category of Hilbert $A$-modules. The purpose of this paper is to study adjunctions between functors of this sort. We shall introduce a new kind of adjunction relation, called a local adjunction, that is weaker than the standard concept from category theory. We shall give several examples, the most important of which is the functor of parabolic induction in the tempered representation theory of real reductive groups. Each local adjunction gives rise to an ordinary adjunction of functors between categories of Hilbert space representations. In this way we shall show that the parabolic induction functor has a simultaneous left and right adjoint, namely the parabolic restriction functor constructed in Clare et al. [Parabolic induction and restriction via $C^{\ast }$-algebras and Hilbert $C^{\ast }$-modules, Compos. Math.FirstView (2016), 1–33, 2].

Extending the notion of parallelism we introduce the concept of approximate parallelism in normed spaces and then substantially restrict ourselves to the setting of Hilbert space operators endowed with the operator norm. We present several characterizations of the exact and approximate operator parallelism in the algebra $\mathbb{B}\left( H \right)$ of bounded linear operators acting on a Hilbert space $H$. Among other things, we investigate the relationship between the approximate parallelism and norm of inner derivations on $\mathbb{B}\left( H \right)$. We also characterize the parallel elements of a ${{C}^{*}}$-algebra by using states. Finally we utilize the linking algebra to give some equivalent assertions regarding parallel elements in a Hilbert ${{C}^{*}}$-module.

Let A be a unital C*-algebra with the canonical (H) C*-bundle over the maximal ideal space of the centre of A, and let E(A) be the set of all elementary operators on A. We consider derivations on A which lie in the completely bounded norm closure of E(A), and show that such derivations are necessarily inner in the case when each fibre of is a prime C*-algebra. We also consider separable C*-algebras A for which is an (F) bundle. For these C*-algebras we show that the following conditions are equivalent: E(A) is closed in the operator norm; A as a Banach module over its centre is topologically finitely generated; fibres of have uniformly finite dimensions, and each restriction bundle of over a set where its fibres are of constant dimension is of finite type as a vector bundle.

In this paper we investigate the following functional inequality

$ \begin{eqnarray*} \| f(x-y-z) - f(x-y+z) + f(y) +f(z)\| \leq \|f(x+y-z) - f(x)\| \end{eqnarray*}$

We introduce the fundamental group $\mathcal{F}\left( A \right)$ of a simple $\sigma $-unital ${{C}^{*}}$–algebra $A$ with unique (up to scalar multiple) densely defined lower semicontinuous trace. This is a generalization of Fundamental Group of Simple${{C}^{*}}$-algebras with Unique Trace I and II by Nawata and Watatani. Our definition in this paper makes sense for stably projectionless ${{C}^{*}}$-algebras. We show that there exist separable stably projectionless ${{C}^{*}}$-algebras such that their fundamental groups are equal to $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{\times }$ by using the classification theorem of Razak and Tsang. This is a contrast to the unital case in Nawata and Watatani. This study is motivated by the work of Kishimoto and Kumjian.

Let $A$ be an $\text{AI}$ algebra; that is, $A$ is the ${{\text{C}}^{*}}$-algebra inductive limit of a sequence

$${{A}_{1}}\xrightarrow{{{\phi }_{1,2}}}{{A}_{2}}\xrightarrow{{{\phi }_{2,3}}}{{A}_{3}}\to \cdot \cdot \cdot \to {{A}_{n}}\to \cdot \cdot \cdot ,$$

where ${{A}_{n}}=\oplus _{i=1}^{{{k}_{n}}}{{M}_{\left[ n,i \right]}}\left( C\left( X_{n}^{i} \right) \right),X_{n}^{i}$ are [0, 1], ${{k}_{n}}$, and $\left[ n,\,i \right]$ are positive integers. Suppose that $A$ has the ideal property: each closed two-sided ideal of $A$ is generated by the projections inside the ideal, as a closed two-sided ideal. In this article, we give a complete classification of $\text{AI}$ algebras with the ideal property.

Algebras associated with quantum electrodynamics and other gauge theories share some mathematical features with T-duality. Exploiting this different perspective and some category theory, the full algebra of fermions and bosons can be regarded as a braided Clifford algebra over a braided commutative boson algebra, sharing much of the structure of ordinary Clifford algebras.

In this paper we propose a new technical tool for analyzing representations of Hilbert ${{C}^{*}}$- product systems. Using this tool, we give a new proof that every doubly commuting representation over ${{\mathbb{N}}^{k}}$ has a regular isometric dilation, and we also prove sufficient conditions for the existence of a regular isometric dilation of representations over more general subsemigroups of $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{k}$.

A Mauldin–Williams graph $M$ is a generalization of an iterated function system by a directed graph. Its invariant set $K$ plays the role of the self-similar set. We associate a ${{C}^{*}}$-algebra ${{O}_{M}}\left( K \right)$ with a Mauldin–Williams graph $M$ and the invariant set $K$, laying emphasis on the singular points. We assume that the underlying graph $G$ has no sinks and no sources. If $M$ satisfies the open set condition in $K$, and $G$ is irreducible and is not a cyclic permutation, then the associated ${{C}^{*}}$-algebra ${{O}_{M}}\left( K \right)$ is simple and purely infinite. We calculate the $K$-groups for some examples including the inflation rule of the Penrose tilings.

For monotone complete ${{C}^{*}}$-algebras $A\subset B$ with $A$ contained in $B$ as a monotone closed ${{C}^{*}}$-subalgebra, the relation $X=AsA$ gives a bijection between the set of all monotone closed linear subspaces $X$ of $B$ such that $AX+XA\subset X$ and $X{{X}^{*}}+{{X}^{*}}X\subset A$ and a set of certain partial isometries $s$ in the “normalizer” of $A$ in $B$, and similarly for the map $s\mapsto \text{Ad }s$ between the latter set and a set of certain “partial $*$-automorphisms” of $A$. We introduce natural inverse semigroup structures in the set of such $X$'s and the set of partial $*$-automorphisms of $A$, modulo a certain relation, so that the composition of these maps induces an inverse semigroup homomorphism between them. For a large enough $B$ the homomorphism becomes surjective and all the partial $*$-automorphisms of $A$ are realized via partial isometries in $B$. In particular, the inverse semigroup associated with a type $\text{I}{{\text{I}}_{1}}$ von Neumann factor, modulo the outer automorphism group, can be viewed as the fundamental group of the factor. We also consider the ${{C}^{*}}$-algebra version of these results.

In this first part of a study of ordered operator spaces, we develop the basic theory of 'ordered C*-bimodules'. A crucial role is played by 'open tripotents', a JB*-triple variant of Akemann's notion of open projection.

The concept of Morita equivalence is generalized to the context of locally C$^{*}$-algebras. This generalizes a well-known theorem of Brown, Green and Rieffel, Pacific J. Math. 71 (1977) 349–363.