A linearly polarized dual-resonant millimeter-wave absorber for Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR)applications is presented in this paper. The frequency-selective absorber (FSA) is composed of solitarily using the distributed elements. The proposed FSA achieves a dual-band resonance characteristic utilizing the mutual coupling between concentric square loops, the second harmonic mode of the Jerusalem cross, and the corrugated cross grids. The proposed dual-band FSA operates from 25.5 to 26.5 GHz (1 GHz) (fL) and 31.8 GHz–32.5 GHz (0.7 GHz) (fH) with minimum absorptivity of 96% and 92%, respectively. The desired frequency response of the proposed unit cell is demonstrated by an equivalent circuit model. The FSA prototype is fabricated and the simulated results are validated using experimental measurements. The proposed FSA is a suitable candidate for stealth application in defense and military systems.

Massive multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) antenna is required to meet the high data transmission rate in the current 5G and future 6G mobile communication. This paper presents a novel eight-port dual-band MIMO antenna operated within the 5G new radios N77 and N79 band. The designed MIMO incorporates a self-decoupling method to obtain high isolation of 22.96 and 25 dB at the two resonances 3.48 and 4.92 GHz, respectively. The basic antenna element consists of coupling between a staircase slot and a half-wavelength size loop branch. Additionally, an inverted U-shaped microstrip section is integrated with the radiating unit to serve the purpose of self-decoupling operation. The eight antennas are symmetrically located on the two narrow substrates (of size 5.8 × 150 mm2) as a pair of four arrays. The narrow substrates make the metal rim of the 5.5″ display mobile smartphone. The designed MIMO is practically realized and experimentally tested to validate the working mechanism. The envelope correlation coefficient and peak channel capacity are obtained as 0.174 and 35.5 bps/Hz in the lower frequency and 0.069 and 39.1 bps/Hz in the higher frequency.

A fourth-order bandpass filter with dual-wide passbands is proposed in this article. The novelty of the proposed work is the realization of a dual-band bandpass filter with closely spaced passbands, wide passband bandwidth, high rejection between the passbands, using a novel combination of open stub tapped series coupled lines (CLs) and shunt transmission line loaded with end connected CLs. The characteristics of the proposed dual-wideband bandpass filter are investigated by adopting even–odd mode analysis. The transmission zeros generated by the transmission line loaded with an end-connected CL and open stub are utilized to achieve a high skirt rate. A rejection better than 55 dB is achieved with a single transmission zero between the two passbands indicating high isolation and close passbands. The dual-wideband filter is designed and manufactured to operate at 1.33 and 2.32 GHz. The experimented 3-dB fractional bandwidths of the two pass frequency bands are 40.6% and 24.13%. The proposed filter’s tested frequency responses agree well with simulated results. The proposed device can be used in various applications such as telecommunications, satellite communications, radar systems, imaging, and spectroscopy.

This article presents a dual-band planar microwave sensor to characterize the permittivity of liquid samples. The sensor utilizes a splitter–combiner microstrip segment loaded with two pairs of triangular-shaped complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). By integrating a meander slot into the CSRRs and incorporating inter-resonator coupling between the CSRRs, the proposed sensor achieves enhanced frequency shifts, resulting in improved sensitivity. An adulteration detection experiment is conducted to validate the sensor’s performance by mixing mineral oil into castor oil with a polydimethylsiloxane container placed on the sensing area. The variations in resonant frequency and peak attenuation are employed to extract the permittivity of the loaded liquid sample. The peak sensitivities in determining the real permittivity are measured to be 6.34% and 5.7% for the first and second frequency bands, respectively. The measured errors for extracting the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity are approximately 3.95% and 7.47% for the first frequency band and 3.67% and 6.28% for the second frequency band, respectively. The proposed dual-band microwave sensor, with its high sensitivity, compact size, small sample volume, and low cost, demonstrates great potential for applications in the quality monitoring of agricultural and industrial products.

A 3D-printed polarization-independent low-cost lightweight and flexible frequency selective surface based dual-band microwave absorber is presented in this paper. Two concentric square loops fabricated at different heights using 3D printing technology are responsible for exhibiting dual-band responses at 3.32 GHz (S-band) and 5.46 GHz (C-band) with more than 97% absorptivities. The corresponding full widths at half maximum bandwidths are observed as 230 MHz (3.21–3.44 GHz) and 450 MHz (5.27–5.72 GHz). The proposed topology is polarization-insensitive owing to the four-fold symmetry. The absorption phenomenon is explained with the analysis of current distributions at the surface and impedance curves at the frequencies of resonance. Further, the performance has been evaluated for both planar and curved surfaces with different angles of curvature, and the good agreement between the measured and simulated responses confirms the flexible behavior of the proposed structure.

A dual-band angular-stable transmissive linear to circular polarization converter based on metasurface is proposed and demonstrated in this work. The converter consists of three layers. The top and bottom layers are formed by an array of double split-ring layers. The unit cell of the central layer contains a square loop nesting a slant dipole. The split-rings create two resonances, enabling dual-band operation. The slant dipole and square loop are useful for improving the quality of circular polarization conversion. It is shown that the proposed polarization converter converts the incident linearly polarized wave into circularly polarized wave with opposite polarization modes over the frequency ranges of 8.77–10.58 and 17.59–19.88 GHz. The angular stability is up to 60° for 3 dB axial ratio. Moreover, the thickness of unit cell has a wavelength below 0.06 at the lower band. Compared with other designs in the literature, the structure bears merits of wideband response, high angular stability, and low-profile property within dual-band operational region. To validate the design, a sample prototype was designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.

Two wideband bandstop filters (BSFs) for single and dual-band are proposed and then extended to reflectionless BSFs based on the analysis from input impedance/admittance perspective. Also, topologies of higher-number-stopband input-reflectionless BSF are provided to broaden the design scope. Open/shorted coupled lines are adopted to obtain multi transmission zeros and desired stopband bandwidth by adjusting the even-/odd-mode impedance of coupled lines. Resistor-loaded coupled lines are connected with Port 1 to absorb unwanted signals and obtain input-reflectionless behavior. For validation of the proposed theory analysis, BSFs with corresponding absorptive prototypes are constructed and measured.

A linearly polarized dual band reflectarray (RA) antenna designed, fabricated, and tested to operate in the Ku and K band frequencies is reported in this paper. The 24 × 24 cm2 size RA is developed using 1058 integrated elements etched over a 0.275 mm thick Rogers RT5870 substrate. The integrated elements include concentric circular rings distributed co-centric with the source and the Malta cross elements distributed offset from the source. The distribution of these elements is done based on the 590 and 360° phase change observed at 14.25 (Ku) and 22.5 (K) GHz by varying the size of the circular rings and the Malta cross respectively. The designed RA offers a simulated gain of 28.62 dBi at 14.25 GHz and 26.92 dBi at 22.5 GHz. These results are validated experimentally using the fabricated prototype. A measured peak gain of 28 and 26.4 dBi are observed with sidelobe levels (SLL) of −21 and −11 dB at 14.25 and 22.5 GHz respectively. The cross-polarization levels measured at the resonant frequencies are <−31 and <−28 dB. The proposed dual-band RA covers the entire Ku band uplink frequencies utilized for fixed satellite services and the K band downlink frequencies useful for earth exploration satellite services.

In this paper, a new dual-band Wilkinson power divider (WPD) is designed and fabricated using novel low and high impedance stubs instead of quarter-wavelength transmission lines. The proposed circuit was analyzed using odd and even mode analysis, and the optimal values of design parameters were obtained using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The designed power divider has input reflection coefficients (S11) of −22.1 and −17 dB at the first operating frequency of 2.2 GHz and the second operating frequency of 14.2 GHz, respectively. It also improves stop-band and fractional bandwidth (FBW) while maintaining a simple topology. The proposed WPD suppresses undesired harmonics from the second to the fifth with an attenuation level of less than −20 dB in the first band and generates a broad stop-band (4.4–11.5 GHz). In the first band, the FBW is 54.5%, and in the second band, it is 20.1%.

A two-element low-profile closely coupled dual-band MIMO antenna is demonstrated for WiMAX applications. Based on the principle of metasurface (MTS) decoupling, a double-layer MTS consisting of pairs of elliptic patches with two different sizes is proposed. The MTS is loaded above a coupled dual-band MIMO antenna, and the mutual coupling in the lower and upper band is reduced by the larger and smaller elliptic patches, respectively. The edge-to-edge distance of antenna elements is only 0.01λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 2.6 GHz). The measured results show that the working bandwidths of the MIMO antenna are 2.5–2.69 and 3.4–3.69 GHz. The −10 dB impedance bandwidths in two bands are 8.83% (2.49–2.72 GHz) and 8.50% (3.38–3.68 GHz), and the isolation between antenna elements is enhanced by 13.5 and 18.4 dB in two bands, respectively. Moreover, broadside radiation performances in two bands are obtained.

This paper presents a multi-mode resonator (MMR) for next-generation wireless systems that achieves single and dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) responses using a split-ring dual-path structure. The proposed BPF design is realized by employing two pairs of parallel couple lines and two symmetrical step-impedance open-circuited stubs (SIOCS). SIOCS are used to improve selectivity and increase the number of transmission zeros/poles. The proposed single-band BPF exhibits an ultra-wideband (UWB) response having a center frequency of 7.5 GHz, a minimum insertion loss of less than 0.48 dB, and a maximum return loss of 25.35 dB. The proposed UWB BPF has a stopband suppression of 39.34 dB up to 18 GHz and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 48.23%. Moreover, a dual-band BPF has been accomplished by utilizing the same architecture while slightly changing the MMR structure and adding more coupling. The center frequency (bandwidth) of the dual broadband BPF is 7.40 GHz (2.40 GHz) and 14.15 GHz (1.7 GHz), respectively. The measured minimum insertion loss is less than 0.23 dB and a return loss of less than 16.8 dB with 3 dB FBWs of 32.4 and 12.1%. Finally, two prototypes are fabricated to validate the proposed characteristics. The BPF's simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

A gain enhanced dual-band filtenna operating at frequency bands of 3.5 and 5.3 GHz for 5G sub-6 GHz applications is presented in this article. A dual-band antenna is integrated with a filter to improve selectivity. The antenna uses printed monopoles as the radiating element, and the filtering response is achieved using a modified feedline. The designed filtenna is 50 × 38 × 1.63 mm3 in size with a maximum gain of 2.5 dBi. The novel filtenna design is equipped with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for the first time to enhance the performance. A unit cell for the AMC is designed that offers zero phase shift in the desired frequencies. A four by four AMC array is designed using this unit cell, which is used as a reflective surface to improve the radiation characteristics of the filtenna. The gain of the filtenna is improved three times up to 7.5 dBi in both bands. The proposed design's overall planar dimensions are 80 × 80 mm2. Using AMC, the gain has improved with a very minute or no change in the other characteristics. The measured results are congruent with the simulated ones, illustrating that the filtenna has good impedance matching and excellent gain in both bands.

This paper presents a dual-band 1 × 4 antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) array with high gain to operate over a dual-frequency band that covers the 5G frequency spectrum. The gain is enhanced by employing a dielectric lens (DL). The AVA array consists of four radiating patch elements, corrugations, DL, and array feeding network on the top side. The bottom side contains four radiating patches which are the mirror images of top radiating patches. The designed AVA contains 1 × 4 array antenna elements with a DL that is operating in the ranges of 24.59–24.98 and 27.06–29 GHz. The dimensions of the designed antenna are 97.2 mm × 71.2 mm × 0.8 mm. For the improvement in gain and impedance matching at the dual-band frequency, corrugation and feeding network techniques are used. The gain obtained is about 8–12 dBi. AVA array is tested after fabrication and the measured results are reliable with the simulation results.

All textile integrated dual-band monopole antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. The proposed design operates at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz for wearable medical applications to monitor the heartbeat. A flexible and low-profile E- shaped CPW dual-band textile antenna is integrated with a 4 × 4 dual-band textile AMC reflector to enhance the gain and specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR is reduced by nearly 95% at both 1 and 10 g. The design was measured on the body with a 2 mm separation. The simulated and measured results appear in high agreement in the case of with and without AMC array integration. The measurement was performed in the indoor environment and in an anechoic chamber to validate the design based on reflection coefficient and radiation pattern measurements.

This article presents a highly miniaturized dual-band electrically small antenna (ESA) for on-demand 3.6 and 5.8 GHz wireless applications. A partial rectangle-shaped structure is printed on the back face of the dielectric material, forming the antenna's ground (GND) plane. The radiating structure of the antenna consists of a C-shaped structure and a U-shaped ring connected to it, which is printed on the dielectric material's front face. The overall dimensions of the designed antenna are 0.160λo × 0.160λo × 0.02λo at the lowest operating frequency. The proposed antenna has a ka value of 0.56 at the lowest operating frequency, which is 3.59 GHz. Thus, the proposed antenna is considered as electrically small. The characteristic mode analysis is adopted to provide a clear understanding of the antenna's resonance behavior. The antenna has been fabricated and the simulation results were validated through measurements. Good agreement between simulated and measured results was obtained. Dual-band operation at 3.62 and 5.75 GHz was achieved, according to the measured reflection coefficient. The proposed antenna offers an adequate performance in terms of gain and efficiency, based on simulation and measurement results. Because of these characteristics, the antenna is well-suited to new wireless applications.

In this paper, a dual-band 8 × 8 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) array antenna operating in 3.5 GHz band (3400–3600 MHz) and 5.5 GHz band (5150–5925 MHz) for 5G mobile handset is presented. The proposed hybrid antenna includes a comb-shaped monopole and an L-shaped open slot antenna which are symmetrically located on the inner surface of the side-edge frame of smartphone. Pattern diversity is achieved that can mitigate envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) and improve the MIMO system performances. The prototype of proposed dual-band eight-element MIMO antenna is fabricated and experimentally measured. The results show that isolation <−10 and <−15 dB, respectively in the lower band and high band without any additional decoupling element are achieved and the desired bands are satisfied under the condition of −6 dB impedance matching. Moreover, the essential parameters for evaluation of the MIMO system performance such as the ECC, mean effective gain (MEG), and ergodic channel capacity are calculated. Furthermore, the influence of user's hand on the radiation characteristics of proposed MIMO antenna are also investigated and discussed. Based on the result, the proposed MIMO antenna is a good candidate for use in future 5G applications.

This paper presents a novel compact dual-band printed antenna with an omnidirectional radiation pattern for 5G WLAN. The antenna element comprises a star-shaped patch with six disc-shaped elements at the top and a defected ground structure at the bottom, having a radius of 3.77 mm for both. The proper feeding point and alignment with its element parameters help to achieve good impedance matching. The proposed antenna has a single center feed, a low profile, and a straightforward compact structure without any feeding complexity. A high reception fidelity antenna with comparable bandwidth and moderate gain is presented. The prototype radiator was printed on a 4 mm radius and a 1.6 mm thick dielectric substrate (Rogers RT/Duroid 5880), with a dielectric constant of 2.2. The designed antenna is fabricated and measured to validate the simulation result. The measured impedance bandwidth of 1.3 GHz (27.5–28.8 GHz) and 2.2 GHz (32.45–34.65 GHz) with a respective measured gain of 1.1 and 3.2 dBi are achieved at 28 and 34 GHz. The simulated radiation efficiency of above 95% is achieved for both bands. A good agreement between simulated and measured results of the proposed work shows that the proposed antenna is suitable for 5G short-range WLAN communications.

In this paper, a millimeter-wave (MMW) dual-mode and dual-band switchable Gilbert up-conversion mixer in a commercial 65-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process is presented. By simply changing the bias, the proposed CMOS Gilbert up-conversion mixer can be switched between subharmonic and fundamental operation modes for MMW dual-band applications. With a low local oscillator pumping power of 3 dBm and low dc power consumption of 6 mW, the proposed CMOS Gilbert up-conversion mixer exhibits a measured conversion gain of −0.5 ± 1.5 dB from 37 to 50 GHz and 2.5 ± 1.5 dB from 17.5 to 32 GHz for the subharmonic and fundamental modes, respectively.

The paper presents a 1 × 2 B-shaped antenna array for dual-band operation at 4 and 8 GHz. The antenna design consists of a rectangular patch with two annular-strip lines fabricated on the top layer and finite ground plane on the bottom layer. The array is formed by designing an optimum T-shaped microstrip line for impedance matching. The dimensions of the antenna array are 78 × 36 × 1.6 mm3. Full-wave simulations have been conducted and the measured results are in good consent with the simulated results. The measured impedance bandwidth (reference −10 dB) has been observed at 3.84–4.16 and 7.78–8.38 GHz. Measured peak gain and radiation efficiency at 4 and 8 GHz are 8.3, 9.4 dB and 82.5 and 81.2%, respectively.