The article aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical and practical analysis of the issues in the legal regulation of corruption prevention, study the state of the fight against corruption and the legalization of proceeds of corruption-related crimes under martial law, determine new corruption risks during a war, and suggest recommendations for their minimization. The authors of this article established the main problems that cause the emergence and spread of corruption in society and ways to overcome this phenomenon. The study’s results established that independent anti-corruption agencies and authorized law enforcement agencies have continued preventive and law enforcement activities even under war conditions, their purpose being to ensure the normal State functioning, the country’s defence capacity, and society’s security. In law-making and law enforcement activities, this research work can help to improve international relations between Ukraine and foreign countries in the context of the development of bilateral relations regarding the provision of assistance to Ukraine for post-war recovery, the attraction of investment, the fight against corruption, and possible accession to the European Union.

Across the globe, airports are regarded as essential infrastructure needing protection. One of the major goals of an airport, as encouraged by the regulatory bodies and evoked through public expectation, is safety. However, a public environment, such as an airport, is vulnerable to crime. The Oliver Reginald Tambo International Airport (ORTIA) is Africa’s biggest and busiest airport, servicing approximately 19 million passengers annually. Moreover, tourism is a key component of a healthy economy. Therefore, safety and security are significant for sustainable tourism in South Africa. Thus, this paper used a quantitative inquiry to determine security professionals’ perceptions of crime at ORTIA. A non-experimental and randomized cross-sectional research design was used. Through random sampling, a total of 100 participants contributed to the study and yielded a representative percentage of 36%. Data were collected through online self-administered questionnaires from security personnel employed at ORTIA and analysed through descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that the most problematic crimes taking place at ORTIA were reported to be theft, mishandled baggage, automated teller machine (ATM) crimes, burglary, robbery, illegal immigrants and smuggling of drugs. Furthermore, most participants had witnessed a crime taking place at the airport. As informed by the participants, sustainable solutions are proposed in terms of crime prevention and intervention.

In Ghana, persons below 18 years of age are presumed to be children and vulnerable, and are expected to enjoy special protection and care against all hazards, even if they go against the law. This agrees with Ghana’s legal provision and other international legal documents. This study examined the knowledge of the police and their relationship with children in conflict with the law in Ghana using the Northern Region as a case study. Primary data were generated through interviews and questionnaire administration from a combined 219 participants who were purposely and systematically selected in a convergent mixed-methods design. The study found good knowledge of the police as to who a child in conflict with the law was (76%), yet only 40% rightly knew the criminal capacity of a child. The study revealed that the rights of children in conflict with the law, such as non-torture, access to legal assistance and right to safe custody, were flouted.

This research sought to study how women cope with incarceration by exploring the pseudo-family phenomenon in female correctional centres, specifically in Kgoši Mampuru II and Johannesburg in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The study employed a qualitative research approach to investigate the phenomenon. The research participants were selected through non-probability sampling, namely purposive, convenience and snowball methods. At the Kgoši Mampuru II centre, 21 offenders and seven officials were interviewed, while 15 offenders and six officials were interviewed at Johannesburg. In total, 36 offenders and 13 officials, including the two heads, were interviewed from both centres. The researchers chose theories on the sociology of corrections, specifically the deprivation and importation models, due to their suitability to explain the phenomenon under investigation. This study found that: (1) pseudo-families are structures or relationships that resemble families in general society; and (2) female offenders are motivated to join pseudo-families due to the need for protection, the need for belonging and comfort, and for smuggling contraband.

Pentecostal drug rehabilitation centres in Guatemala City are informal responses to drug use, with these all-male institutions attempting to save drug users from what some Christians call ‘the devil’. Of ethnographic interest is that the mothers, sisters and wives not only pay for the capture and captivity of their loved ones but also volunteer their labour to support these centres. This article, in response, assesses not only the Christian impulse to domesticate sinners but also the extent to which a cult of domesticity organises Guatemala's war on drugs.

This article contributes to recent analyses of gendered violence in Latin America by highlighting the relative neglect of women's experiences of violence in the discussion of ‘new violence’. In Latin America, women are consistently missing from mainstream debates about violence, which concentrate on urban crime, youth gangs and the police. With a focus on urban Brazil, this article argues for a gendered approach to the range of different forms of violence in order to render visible the variety of roles that women play in the context and in specific incidents of urban violence. It also explores the gendered impacts of various forms of violence and the gendered socialisation of violence. The article challenges the un-gendered concept of new violence, questioning its ability to capture the full gamut of violences that men and women experience, and the connections between these various forms. By adjusting the parameters of the debate, this article highlights the complexity of the gendered social relations and processes that reproduce violence, and adds a further dimension to the discussion of violence and security.

Los agentes antipsicóticos de segunda generación se utilizan cada vez más en el tratamiento de la manía aguda. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la eficacia y la seguridad de estos agentes, tanto en monoterapia como en combinación con estabilizadores del estado de ánimo, para establecer los datos para su uso. Los ensayos controlados distribuidos al azar (ECDA) se valoraron críticamente con más detalle que los estudios que presentaban niveles más bajos de datos, como los informes clínicos, las series clínicas y los estudios de seguimiento al descubierto. Encontramos 11 ECDA que informaban sobre pacientes tratados con antipsicóticos de segunda generación para la manía bipolar aguda, tres de los cuales incluían distribución al azar entre el antipsicótico de segunda generación y el placebo, y ocho entre un estabilizador del estado de ánimo combinado con el antipsicótico de segunda generación o el placebo. Se presentan también datos de ensayos no distribuidos al azar.

Los efectos potenciales de zolpidem, un hipnótico no benzodiacepínico, sobre las funciones cognitivas y psicomotoras han sido analizados en más de 30 estudios controlados por placebo, y en muchos casos se han comparado con los de hipnóticos benzodiacepínicos de referencia (es decir, flunitracepán, nitracepán y triazolam). El impacto de la administración de fármacos sobre la atención durante el día se ha analizado mediante la Prueba Múltiple de Latencia de Sueño, y no se ha observado ningún déficit clínico tras la toma de 5 a 10 mg de zolpidem, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con las benzodiacepinas. La evaluación del efecto de zolpidem sobre la atención y las capacidades psicomotoras (umbral de fusión crítica de parpadeo, pruebas de sustitución o copia, tiempos de reacción para elección, pruebas de conducción, etc.) indican que zolpidem en las dosis recomendadas (5 mg en ancianos y 10 mg en adultos) no parece producir efectos perjudiciales importantes sobre la vigilancia durante el día, y sobre la concentración y coordinación a la mañana siguiente de la ingesta. Respecto a sus propiedades farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas, los efectos de zolpidem sobre las funciones de la memoria se limitaron a las primeras horas después de la administración y no se observó ninguna diferencia significativa entre zolpidem (5-10 mg) y placebo 6 horas después de la administración; se detectaron más alteraciones de la memoria con flunitracepán y triazolam. En estos estudios participaron varios grupos de sujetos, adultos jóvenes y personas mayores, voluntarios sanos y pacientes insomnes, y la duración del tratamiento varió entre una sola dosis y 28 días de tratamiento. En conclusión, las pruebas experimentales demuestran que zolpidem tiene un perfil satisfactorio (5-10 mg) sobre las funciones cognitivas del día en comparación con otros hipnóticos.

Se revisan los diferentes aspectos de la seguridad general de zolpidem después de analizar los datos de seguridad obtenidos en adultos y en pacientes ancianos. La baja incidencia de comunicaciones de acontecimientos adversos durante los tres primeros años de utilización de zolpidem ha corroborado los resultados de los estudios clínicos. Los efectos adversos más frecuentes están relacionados con el sistema nervioso central (SNC), pero se pueden prevenir en gran medida respetando las dosis recomendadas y las reglas de prescripción. En los casos de sobredosis aguda, no se han atribuido complicaciones graves a zolpidem en monoterapia. En la mayoría de los estudios realizados en el período de tratamiento recomendado, la interrupción brusca del mismo no se asociaba con insomnio de rebote clínicamente significativo. Los datos preclínicos y clínicos disponibles indican que el riesgo de abuso o dependencia es mínimo cuando se prescribe según las dosis recomendadas de 10 mg en adultos y 5 mg en ancianos. Así, con argumentos ahora bien establecidos que van en la misma dirección sobre una gran base de pacientes, el perfil de seguridad de zolpidem puede autorizar y justificar su prescripción amplia en el tratamiento a corto plazo del insomnio.