Maize is one of the three staple foods in the world. The white variety represents 60% of the maize importation with a world consumption of 1125 million tons in 2019/2020. Currently, new technologies could contribute to the analysis of this seed, supporting quality control and improvement. This study aims to carry out the morphological and proteomic comparison between the hybrid MR2008 and its parental lines LUG03 and CML491 through mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. Herein, we identified that 34.8% of the hybrid proteome differs from the parental proteome. Also, ontological and morphological analyses determined that the hybrid exhibits more characteristics related to CML491 than LUG03, for example, metabolic pathways and enzymes, such as anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UniProt P16166). This analysis allowed the identification of dominant characters, metabolic pathways and confirms the utility of this methodology in agricultural practices, mainly in processes of selection and quality control of a crop.

The notion of coaxers is introduced in a pseudo-complemented distributive lattice. Boolean algebras are characterized in terms of coaxer ideals and congruences. The concept of coaxer lattices is introduced in pseudo-complemented distributive lattices and characterized in terms of coaxer ideals and maximal ideals. Finally, the coaxer lattices are also characterized in topological terms.

This paper presents a practical and simple fully nonparametric multivariate smoothingprocedure that adapts to the underlying smoothness of the true regression function. Ourestimator is easily computed by successive application of existing base smoothers (withoutthe need of selecting an optimal smoothing parameter), such as thin-plate spline or kernelsmoothers. The resulting smoother has better out of sample predictive capabilities thanthe underlying base smoother, or competing structurally constrained models (MARS, GAM) forsmall dimension (3 ≤ d ≤7) and moderate sample size n ≤ 1000. Moreover our estimator is still usefulwhen d > 10and to our knowledge, no other adaptive fully nonparametric regression estimator isavailable without constrained assumption such as additivity for example. On a realexample, the Boston Housing Data, our method reduces the out of sample prediction error by20%. An R package ibr, available at CRAN, implements the proposedmultivariate nonparametric method in R.

In this paper we investigate some subclasses of strongly regular congruences on an $E$-inversive semigroup $S$. We describe the minimum and the maximum strongly orthodox congruences on $S$ whose characteristic trace coincides with the characteristic trace of given congruences and, in each case, we present an alternative characterization for them. A description of all strongly orthodox congruences on $S$ with characteristic trace $\tau $ is given. Further, we investigate the kernel relation of strongly orthodox congruences on an $E$-inversive semigroup and give the least and the greatest element in the class of the same kernel with a given congruence.

A semigroup $S$ is called idempotent-surjective (respectively, regular-surjective) if whenever $\rho $ is a congruence on $S$ and $a\rho $ is idempotent (respectively, regular) in $S/ \rho $, then there is $e\in {E}_{S} \cap a\rho $ (respectively, $r\in \mathrm{Reg} (S)\cap a\rho $), where ${E}_{S} $ (respectively, $\mathrm{Reg} (S)$) denotes the set of all idempotents (respectively, regular elements) of $S$. Moreover, a semigroup $S$ is said to be idempotent-regular-surjective if it is both idempotent-surjective and regular-surjective. We show that any regular congruence on an idempotent-regular-surjective (respectively, regular-surjective) semigroup is uniquely determined by its kernel and trace (respectively, the set of equivalence classes containing idempotents). Finally, we prove that all structurally regular semigroups are idempotent-regular-surjective.

Let S be an inverse semigroup and let π:S→T be a surjective homomorphism with kernel K. We show how to obtain a presentation for K from a presentation for S, and vice versa. We then investigate the relationship between the properties of S, K and T, focusing mainly on finiteness conditions. In particular we consider finite presentability, solubility of the word problem, residual finiteness, and the homological finiteness property FPn. Our results extend several classical results from combinatorial group theory concerning group extensions to inverse semigroups. Examples are also provided that highlight the differences with the special case of groups.

We obtain a generalized discrete Hilbert and Hardy-Hilbert inequality with non-conjugate parameters by means of an Euler-Maclaurin summation formula. We derive some general results for homogeneous functions and compare our findings with existing results. We improve some earlier results and apply the results to some special homogeneous functions.

Internal cracks caused by high temperature or excessive moisture during maize (Zea mays L.) kernel development were characterized, and their effects on kernel quality were assessed. Pre-harvest stress cracks are often located near the middle of the kernel along the embryo axis, but they were also detected in other positions, irrespective of the shape of the kernel. X-ray analysis enabled visualisation of stress cracks that are invisible to the human eye and, therefore, gave a better estimate of the percentage of cracks. However, low temperature scanning electron microscopy of the surface of milled kernels revealed small cracks not noticed by visual or X-ray inspection. All kernels tested in this way had a crack of some sort in the endosperm tissue. Cracks were also frequent in the scutellum, but rare in the embryo axis. Endosperm cracks followed the boundary of the starch granules, but did not extend into the pericarp tissue. In contrast to external cracks caused by mechanical impact, pre-harvest internal stress cracks generally are not detrimental to germination and vigour. However, if the crack is located inside or perpendicular to the embryo axis, it may affect the quality of the kernel, probably by impeding nutrient translocation to the embryo.

We consider a diffusion process X t smoothed with (small)sampling parameter ε. As in Berzin, León and Ortega(2001), we consider a kernel estimate $\widehat{\alpha}_{\varepsilon}$ with window h(ε) of afunction α of its variance. In order to exhibit globaltests of hypothesis, we derive here central limit theorems forthe Lp deviations such as \[ \frac1{\sqrt{h}}\left(\frac{h}\varepsilon\right)^{\frac{p}2}\left(\left\|\widehat{\alpha}_{\varepsilon}-{\alpha}\right\|_p^p-\mbox{I E}\left\|\widehat{\alpha}_{\varepsilon}-{\alpha}\right\|_p^p\right).\]

This study examines the types of interactional trouble that arise from narrative variation in institutional interviews. Specifically, we examine protective order interviews in which Latina women tell of domestic violence to paralegal interviewers charged with the duty of helping them obtain a protective order. Victims' narratives are shown to take different shapes, and paralegals respond to them in different pragmalinguistic ways, depending on how they diverge from institutional needs. The factors found most heavily to influence narrative outcomes are contextual ones, related to participant social roles, the type of communicative activity interlocutors perceive themselves to be engaged in, and their interactional goals. An additional finding is that when expectations of what constitutes appropriate speech behavior differ, the interlocutor holding greater institutional power will try to constrain the speech of the other, despite the fact that both appear to share an extralinguistic goal, in this case obtaining a protective order.

Nielsen (1999) showed the surprising fact that a nonparametric one-dimensional hazard as a function of time can be estimated -consistently if a high quality marker is observed. In this paper we show that the hazard relevant for predicting remaining duration time, given the current status of a high quality marker, can be estimated -consistently if a Markov type property holds for the high quality marker.

Natural nest-site selection was investigated in 50 radiocollared southern flying squirrels Glaucomys volans during spring and summer, 1994–1996, in the Ouachita National Forest of Arkansas. Squirrels nested in 226 trees in a variety of habitats at five study areas. Contrary to previous reports describing southern flying squirrels as habitat generalists, in this study squirrels showed selection in both the habitat and tree type in which nests were placed. Where it was available, mature pine–hardwood forest was selected for nesting. Young (< 15 years old) and immature (15–40 years old) pine plantations and harvested areas were avoided as nesting habitats. At harvested study areas, squirrels nested in protected riparian mature forest strips (greenbelt) along, and 10–20 m either side of, intermittent creeks and in adjacent mature forests. Squirrels constructed only outside nests in pine trees. In mature pine–hardwood forest, pines were used for outside nests more frequently than hardwoods; in greenbelt habitat, pines and hardwoods were chosen equally for outside nests. Both outside and cavity nests were found in hardwoods; standing dead trees (snags) contained only cavity nests. Snags were selected over hardwoods for cavity nesting in both mature pine–hardwood forest and greenbelt habitat. All hardwood species and all decay classes of snags were used for diurnal nesting in greater frequency than expected. Considering both cavity and outside nest-site selection, pines were used less than expected. Results suggest that mature forests are optimal flying squirrel nesting habitats and should be retained adjacent to harvested areas to provide resources to squirrels abandoning stands after disturbance. Within harvested areas, nesting habitat can be substantially improved through the retention of overstory hardwoods and snags, as well as protection of mature forest strips along drainages.

The resolvent operators of the following two processes are obtained: (a) the bivariate Markov process W = (X, Y), where Y(t) is an irreducible Markov chain and X(t) is its integral, and (b) the geometric Wiener process G(t) = exp{B(t} where B(t) is a Wiener process with non-negative drift μ and variance parameter σ2. These results are then used via a limiting procedure to determine the long-run average cost per unit time of operating a finite dam where the input process is either X(t) or G(t). The system is controlled by a policy (Attia [1], Lam [6]).

Present developments in computer performance evaluation require detailed analysis of N-dimensional random walks on the set of lattice points in the first 2N-ant of Recent research has shown that for the two-dimensional case the inherent mathematical problem can often be formulated as a boundary value problem of the Riemann–Hilbert type. The paper is concerned with a derivation and analysis of an identity for the first entrance times distributions into the boundary of such random walks. The identity formulates a relation between these distributions and the zero-tuples of the kernel of the random walk; the kernel contains all the information concerning the structure of the random walk in the interior of its stage space. For the two-dimensional case the identity is resolved and explicit expressions for the entrance times distributions are obtained.