Small [11] gave the first example of a right hereditary PI ring which is not left hereditary. Robson and Small [9] proved that a prime PI right hereditary ring is a classical order over a Dedekind domain, and hence is Noetherian (and therefore left hereditary). The authors have shown [4] that a right hereditary semiprime PI ring which is finitely generated over its center is left hereditary. In this paper we consider right hereditary PI rings T which are affine (i.e. finitely generated as an algebra over a central subfield k).

V-rings and their generalisations have been studied extensively in recent years [2], [3], [5],[6], [7]. All the rings we consider will be associative rings with 1 ≠ 0 and all the modules considered will be unitary left R-modules. All the concepts will be left-sided unless otherwise mentioned. Thus by an ideal in R we mean a left ideal of R. A ring R is called a V-ring (respectively a GV-ring) if every simple (resp. simple, singular) module is injective. An R-module M is called p-injective if any homomorphism f: I → M with I a principal left ideal of R can be extended to a homomorphism g: R → M. A ring R is called a p-V-ring (resp. a p-V'-ring) if every simple (resp. simple, singular) module over R is p-injective. The object of the present paper is to introduce torsion theoretic generalizations of p-V-rings and prove results similar to those obtained by Yue Chi Ming about p-V-rings and p-V'-rings [6], [7]. For any M ∈ R-mod, J(M) will denote the Jacobson radical of M and Z(M) the singular submodule of M. For any λ ∈ R, we denote the left annihilator { r ∈ R| rλ =0 } of λ in R by l(λ).

The aim of this paper is to generalise the results of [7] from the prime to the semiprime case. It was shown, for instance, that if M is the annihilator of a simple right module S of projective dimension 1 over a Noetherian prime polynomial identity (PI) ring R then M is either an invertible ideal or an idempotent ideal [7, Proposition 4.2]. One of the main applications of this result was that a prime Noetherian affine PI ring of global dimension less than or equal to 2 is a finite module over its centre. It turns out that this theorem is valid more generally when the ring is semiprime [1, Theorem A]. Clearly this requires [7, Proposition 4.2] also to be strengthened to the semiprime case. We do this by showing that a right invertible maximal ideal in a semiprime Noetherian PI ring is also left invertible (Theorem 3.5).

In this paper we study commutants of Toeplitz operators with polynomial symbols acting on Bergman spaces of various domains. For a positive integer n, let V denote the Lebesgue volume measure on ℂn. If ω is a domain in ℂn, then the Bergman space is defined to be the set of all analytic functions from ω into ℂ such that

Let I denote the interval [0,1] in its usual topology and let S = S(I) be the semigroup of continuous mappings of I into itself with function composition as the semigroup operation. In a survey talk given at Oberwolfach in 1989 (see [5]), K. D. Magill Jr. pointed out that some elementary algebraic properties of S are still unknown. We shall answer one of the questions he raised (which appears as Problem 4.6 in [5] and which he had asked earlier, as long ago as 1975 [3]) by showing that S has infinitely many distinct two-sided ideals. In fact, we shall produce an infinite descending sequence of distinct ideals. As Magill points out, this also solves his Problem 4.5: S has infinitely many distinct congruences. We believe that S must have c distinct ideals, but we have been unable to prove this.

The formula

was stated by Bateman ([2], p. 457); a proof is sketched in [3], p. 144. Here

the Laguerre polynomial of degree

This note points out a new aspect of the well-known relationship between the subjects mentioned in the title. The following result and its generalization in totally real algebraic number fields is central to the discussion. Let denote the Legendre symbol for relatively prime numbers a and b ℇ ℤ and a substitution of the modular subgroup Γ0(4). Then, if γ>0 and b≡1 mod 2,

with

and

According to (1), the Legendre symbol behaves somewhat like a modular function ﹙apart from the known behaviour under and ﹚. (1) follows (see below) from the functional equation

with

provided that

Here we used and always will use the abbreviation

and ℇδ means the absolutely least residue of δ mod 4. In the proof, Hecke [4] assumed γ>0 (see also Shimura [5]).

§ 1. Introductory. The formula to be proved is

where ρq+1 – αp+1 > 0, αr – ρq+1 > 0, r = 1,2, …, p, and p≧q + 1.

Throughout the following note R will denote an associative ring with unit element 1. We shall denote by R-mod [resp. mod-R] the category of all unitary left [resp. right] R-modules. Morphisms in these categories will be written as acting on the side opposite scalar multiplication. All other functions will be written as acting on the left. If is a category, we shall abuse notation and write “A∈ when we mean “A is an object of ”.

In this paper, will always denote a local class of locally finite groups, which is closed with respect to subgroups, homomorphic images, extensions, and with respect to cartesian powers of finite -groups. Examples for x are the classes L ℐπ of all locally finite π-groups and L(ℐπ ∩ ) of all locally soluble π-groups (where π is a fixed set of primes). In [4], a wreath product construction was used in the study of existentially closed -groups (=e.c. -groups); the restrictive type of construction available in [4] permitted results for only countable groups. This drawback was then removed partially in [5] with the help of permutational products. Nevertheless, the techniques essentially only permitted amalgamation of -groups with locally nilpotent π-groups. Thus, satisfactory results could be obtained for Lp-groups (resp. locally nilpotent π-groups) [6], while the theory remained incomplete in all other cases.

Let F be any field. Denote by the class of all groups G such that every irreducible FG-module has finite dimension over F and by the class of all groups G such that every irreducible FG-module has finite dimension over its endomorphism ring. Clearly

The purpose of this paper is to study the following two questions.

(1) When does the group algebra of a soluble group have infinite dimensional irreducible modules?

(2) When is the group algebra of a torsion free soluble group primitive?

In relation to the first question, Roseblade [13] has proved that if G is a polycyclic group and k an absolute field then all irreducible kG-modules are finite dimensional. Here we prove a converse.

Let M be a von Neumann algebra and a strongly continuous one-parameter group of *-automorphisms of M. Recently, considerable interest has been shown in the associated mappings (see for instance [2], [3] and [4]). The paper of Thaheem, Van Daele and Vanheeswijk [4] exclusively deals with these mappings. The main result of [4] is formulated as follows. Let and be strongly continuous one-parameter groups of *-automorphisms on a von Neumann algebra M satisfying the operator equation

In this paper, we shall be concerned with the solution of triple integral equations of the type

where M−1 is the inverse Mellin transform, nis a positive integer, and — 1 < Res < 0. The use of these equations will be illustrated by their application to two well-known problems in the mathematical theory of elasticity and further applications will be reported later.

Several properties are known to be inherited from the derived factor group of a group G by other factors Γi = γi(G)/γi + 1(G) of the lower central series. Derek Robinson proved [1] that the denning property of any class of groups which is closed under the forming of homomorphic images of tensor products is so inherited. Possibilities for here include the following classes.

Let (R, M) be a local ring and let R* be the M-adic ring completion of R. It is well known that R is a regular local ring if and only if R* is a regular local ring. The purpose of the note is to show that this result is essentially a consequence of a more general theory concerning local Noether lattices which was developed in [6].

Let f(x) be a complex function of a real variable, defined over the whole real line, which possesses n derivatives (the nth at least almost everywhere) and is such that . Then, if k is any integer for which 0< k < n, Kolmogoroff's inequality may be written as

,

or, by putting ,

The constant K=K (k, n) known explicitly and is the best possible, i.e., there is a (real) function for which equality holds (see Bang [1]).

In this paper we evaluate some integrals involving U-functions by the methods of the Operational Calculus. The results obtained are quite general and many of them include, as particular cases, some known results.

A function ψ (p) is operationally related with another function f(t), if they satisfy the integral equation

2. Theorem. If

and

As usual, we shall denote (1) by the symbolic expression

provided that the integral is convergent. HereR(α) > 0, R(p) > 0, n = 2,3,4, …, andmeans that in the expression following it, i is to bee replaced by – i and the two expressions are to be added.

Throughout, (X, ≤ ) denotes a partially ordered set (p. o. set), where X is assumed to be finite. A subset Y of X is called a k-union if Y contains no chain of length K + 1. In particular, therefore, a 1-union is just an antichain; and it is readily seen that Y is a k-union if and only if it is a union of K antichains. (Dually, a subset Z of X is a k-counion if Z contains no antichain of length k + 1.) We denote by dk (X) the maximum cardinality of a k-union in X, with a similar notation for other p. o. sets. Now let be any partition of X into chains, and write

.

After Dieudonné [3], many authors have considered locally convex topological vector spaces that admit a fundamental sequence of compact, precompact,… subsets. Their work has been essentially to identify them as strong duals of Fréchet-Montel spaces, under suitable additional assumptions (barrelledness or evaluability). However, it seems that these spaces have never been characterized without additional assumptions. That is the aim of the present paper.