The Canadian Arctic represents an emerging market in the rapidly evolving polar cruise sector. Since 1984 when cruises began in this region, cruise ship activity has been sporadic, but in 2006 the number of cruises to Nunavut doubled from 11 to 22. This elevated level of growth has persisted with ice strengthened cruise vessels conducting between 23 and 26 separate cruises through Arctic Canada each year from 2007 to 2010. With a warming climate some suggest this trajectory of growth will continue as sea ice diminishes and passages open up. Despite this growth little is known about this burgeoning sector from the perspectives of local residents. Through two community case studies local attitudes toward cruise tourism are positioned in a resident attitude typology. In Cambridge Bay, where cruise tourism is just emerging, resident attitudes were found to gravitate toward the passive-favourable areas of the typology. By contrast, in Pond Inlet, which is one of the most visited cruise destinations in Nunavut, attitudes were more varied with some individuals expressing degrees of resistance. The article suggests that if local people are to become engaged participants in the development of cruise tourism in Nunavut, then it is critical that resident attitudes and aspirations are articulated, respected and acted upon.

The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate factors in FIT guest's perception of five-star hotel location, and (2) assess the differences among customer-satisfaction levels and how those differences impacted guests' satisfaction with their choice of hotel. FIT guests (Frequent Individual travellers/foreign independent traveller) staying at 17 five-star hotels were selected based on information of foreign immigration statistics recorded by the Korea National Tourism Organization. Factor analysis of the six dimensions was labelled as Tourism Attraction, Convenience, Safety, Surrounding Environment, Traffic, and Accessibility. Results showed that FIT guests value and expect in a hotel's location: (1) safety, (2) ease of access to transportation portals (air, train, bus, and public transportation), and (3) close connection to area attractions (historic, business, and pleasure).

This article describes research designed to investigate the relationship between burnout and perceived organisational support (POS) among front-line hospitality employees. Three hundred front-line employees of a multisite hospitality firm were surveyed using an instrument comprising the general survey version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the 17-item version of the Survey of Perceived Organisational Support (POS). Significant relationships were found between POS and each of the three burnout dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism and personal efficacy. The findings of this study contribute to the existing academic literature and provide hospitality managers with a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the problem of front-line employee turnover.

The purpose of this study is to develop and test a model that investigates core self-evaluations as a mediator in the relationship between coworker support and work engagement. Data were collected from a sample of 100 full-time frontline employees of the five- and four-star hotels in Iran. The relationships were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results demonstrate that core self-evaluations partially mediate the impact of coworker support on vigour, while it fully mediates the relationship between coworker support and dedication. In contrast, core self-evaluations do not function as a mediator in the relationship between coworker support and absorption. Implications of the findings are discussed and avenues for future research are offered.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interactive effects of organisational tenure and supervisor support on work–family conflict, family–work conflict, and turnover intentions. Data were gathered from a sample of Arab frontline employees married with or without children in the international five-star chain hotels in Jordan. Results of hierarchical moderated regression analysis show that the interaction of organisational tenure and supervisor support reduces family–work conflict and turnover intentions. On the contrary, this interactive term does not significantly influence work–family conflict. Implications of the aforementioned findings to alleviate family–work conflict and turnover intentions are discussed and directions for future research are offered.

Indigenous tourism is an increasingly significant sector that can empower, encourage and promote Indigenous peoples and cultures. Defining Indigenous tourism remains open, as some definitions focus on Indigenous cultural products and experiences while other definitions emphasise Indigenous involvement and control. What is absent, however, is any definition that includes Indigenous peoples as tourists. This article employs an inductive approach to fill this gap in knowledge and uses the techniques of an evolving Indigenist paradigm that fits within the recognised ‘critical turn’ in tourism, and reflects the broader postmodernist shifts in research methodologies. It is based on a research collaboration between an Indigenous researcher and a non-Indigenous researcher who offer a preliminary exposition of topics that are made visible by examining Indigenous tourism through the lens of Indigenous peoples as active touring and travelling agents, through both historical and contemporary examples.

Indigenous researchers continuously challenge the structure of western-based research agendas in order to reframe and decolonise research. Integral to an Indigenous research paradigm is an understanding that researchers bring a particular world-view that is predicated on factors such as their gender, culture and socioeconomic status. For non-Indigenous researchers working in an Indigenous context the imperative to understand one's impact and position within the research becomes even more important. This reflective article considers the practice of reflexivity in an Indigenous context and discusses whether it enables the non-Indigenous researcher to contribute to the decolonising and reframing of research. Also considered is whether reflexivity can appear to contribute to reframing research, but still fail to address important issues such as interrogating the researcher's position in relation to the dominant western system of knowledge creation. In this article, I firstly outline an Indigenous research paradigm. Secondly, I make the link between engaging in reflexive practice and an Indigenous context and identify some limitations. Finally, I conclude that reflexivity will only lead to reframing and decolonising research if it also addresses deeper issues such as interrogating the systems of the dominant White culture.

There is a widely held assumption that the Internet provides opportunities to rethink and reorganise the knowledge interaction and dissemination between industry, education and research. Web 2.0 technologies are emerging as teaching and learning tools, but there is still no striking evidence to support the above-mentioned assumption. Accordingly, the purposes of this article are to, first, discuss the challenges in tourism education and address in brief the declining role of universities as knowledge monopolies and their emerging role as open knowledge mediators. Second, to present open innovation paradigms and address issues of knowledge accumulation and dissemination in tourism and the new role of the university. Third, INNOTOUR, an experimental Web 2.0 innovation hub for tourism, is presented. Preliminary learning experiences using the INNOTOUR platform as an advanced tool for collaborative, open source education in tourism are outlined. Finally, we point out collaborative challenges for international tourism research and teaching. We argue that there is a compelling need to build grounded theory and consolidated practice that will advance the quality and efficiency of tourism education through the use of a wide span of interactive technologies and committed teaching methods, facilitating dynamic, interdisciplinary and international learning experiences.

Hospitality and tourism-based service-providers are subject to negative stress outcomes associated with the performance of emotional labour, such as emotional exhaustion. Research on emotional labour and associated outcomes is, however, lacking in heritage tourism sites. Emotional dissonance is one such stressor that is reported to exist when expressed emotions are in an organisationally desired form but are incongruent with those felt. Literature to date, however, has failed to clearly differentiate between the performance of emotional labour and the experience of emotional dissonance. The present study examined the relationship between emotional labour and emotional dissonance using concepts derived from cognitive dissonance theory. A series of semistructured interviews were conducted with employees across a range of service roles at a heritage museum tourism site. Evaluation of the data suggests that emotional labour and emotional dissonance are distinct constructs and that the negative outcomes of emotional labour are linked to conflicting cognitive appraisals.

Early 21st century postmodern western societies are witnessing the rebirth and reinvention of health tourism founded on new ideologies, concepts, spaces and services mostly dominated by the desire for wellbeing expressed by the spa ideal. This is the affirmation of a new reality which, considering its growing role in present-day society, requires research, especially regarding demand, motivation and profile. Based on doctoral research in tourism, leisure and culture entitled The New Spaces for Leisure, Tourism and Health in Portugal: The Spas, this article sets out to present, examine and discuss a review of the literature on current principles and issues associated with health and body management, especially as they pertain to periods of leisure and tourism through a global and transversal approach. Then, in empirical terms, the article portrays the client profile of the new spas (including the new wellness segment tourist), founded on a pioneering and wide-ranging national survey carried out in Portugal. The information was gathered by means of a questionnaire directed to clients of Portuguese spas. Spa-goers were questioned as to the regularity, services, motivation and context of their spa use, as well as their other healthcare habits. Based on the information gathered, a profile of spa-goers in Portugal was designed and, by means of a classification technique, clusters were subsequently identified in this consumer group.

The purpose of this article is to analyse differences in the opinions of two groups, domestic (Australian) and international students, towards careers in the tourism and hospitality industry. This will ascertain if one group is more committed to a career in the industry than the other. A quantitative study investigating factors that students find important in choosing a career, as well as their perceptions of different aspects of a career in the industry, was undertaken. In total, 379 completed surveys were collected. The findings of this research show that there are significant differences between the two groups, especially when comparing the extent to which respondents believed tourism and hospitality offered the career factors that students found important. From these results it is argued that international students are more likely to believe that the tourism and hospitality industry offers the factors they find important when choosing a career. This has implications for tourism and hospitality employers in Australia as it shows that domestic graduates will be less likely to join the industry upon graduation.

This article summarises a case study investigating the relationship between a disastrous forest fire and the local tourism industry. During the summer of 2003, the region of Kelowna in British Columbia experienced an unusually severe forest fire that required evacuation of over 26,000 people, destroyed 238 private homes, caused a major disruption of the region's main tourism season, and destroyed several major tourism attractions. A case study was undertaken to examine how prepared Kelowna's tourism industry was for such a disaster, how the tourism industry responded to the disaster, what impact the disaster had on the different sectors of the tourism industry, and what lessons were learned. A survey of 104 local tourism businesses was conducted, as well as a review of government and organisational reports and the analysis of 175 media articles covering the fire. This article highlights some of the findings.

Many studies on the motivations and profiles of health and wellbeing tourists have focused on various sub-sectors of health, wellness and wellbeing tourism, but more general research on wellbeing tourists has been quite rare. This study aims to investigate tourists' motivations as predictors of their interest in wellbeing tourism holidays as opposed to tourists who are not interested in wellbeing holidays. Data were collected at the Nordic Travel Fair in January 2009. In total 406 acceptable responses were used. To evaluate the predictive influence of push and pull factors, the data were analysed using logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise method. The results show that previous experience of wellbeing holidays, number of annual holiday trips, together with pull factors ‘water park and/or spa’, ‘natural sights’ and ‘easy access at the destination’, and push factors ‘refreshing myself’, ‘experiencing fashionable/trendy places’ and ‘aesthetic experiences’ significantly increase the likelihood of tourists being interested in taking wellbeing holidays.

This purpose of this study is to ascertain U.S. hospitality and tourism management student's perceptions of jobs in the industry. To undertake this, students were asked to identify which factors were important when choosing a career and whether the hospitality and tourism offers these. Additionally, students were asked their perceptions towards a number of dimensions relating to careers in the hospitality and tourism industry. Overall, it is clear that respondents are generally happy with the careers being offered in hospitality and tourism and are committed to pursuing careers in the industry.

Research has found that corporate reputations are particularly important for service firms. Yet, extant, similar research has not been conducted in the tourism sector where customers typically purchase complex bundles of services. Hoping to assist in filling this void, the purpose of this study was to segment cruise passengers based on their perceptions of a cruise line's reputation and identify differences between the resultant reputation groups. Data were collected on two separate 7-day Caribbean voyages, on board the same Holland America Line (HAL) ship. Vast differences were found between reputation groups and their perceptions of prior experiences. It was further revealed that reputation has a great influence over cruise passengers' perceptions of price sensitivity, monetary price, behavioral price, quality, value, satisfaction, word of mouth, and repurchase intentions. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Suitable skills and attributes have always been an important part of effective and successful participation in the tourism workplaces. This study aimed to explore tourism managers' perceptions of the skills and attributes required in the tourism industry in Australia. The method involved a content analysis of tourism skill sets and a survey to identify the required skill sets sought by employers. Importance–Performance Analysis revealed differences between graduate attributes and skills and manager's perceptions of their importance and level of performance. These results provided industry-based information about skills and attributes for the improvement of curriculum design. It will enhance the abilities of tourism education to provide job-ready graduates for the future global tourism industry.

The present study investigates the dimensions of customer-perceived value in the context of medical tourism. Due to the important role played by the Internet in the growth of medical tourism, we will also explore the value dimensions of the use of the Internet in the context of medical tourism. Based on the consumption value theory developed by Sheth, Newman & Gross (1991), a netnographic study shows that the functional dimension greatly contributes to the value perception of the medical tourism experience. The use of the Internet is found to primarily have social, epistemic and functional values. From a managerial angle, the results are useful to managers to implement marketing actions targeting medical tourists. From a theoretical angle, the results are a starting point to develop an innovative theoretical model combining the value dimensions of medical tourism and of the Internet in the same context.

Careers in the tourism industry are relatively new phenomena and have not been the subject of extensive research. Yet, it is clear from the little research that is available that high levels of mobility and unclear career paths stigmatise tourism careers. These issues focus highly in the new ‘boundaryless’ career that has received much attention in human resources research recently. Mentoring has been portrayed as a useful tool to help employees cope with this new career environment. To test this premise, 23 managers in the industry were interviewed and told their own ‘career story’. Respondents reported frequent intra-company, inter-company, and inter-industry career moves and rated mentoring programs as a powerful career management tool. These findings have implications for policy development within the industry and for those seeking a career in tourism. Those involved with other new and emerging professions with find this article of interest.

Theming provides coherence, pleasure, and fantasy to the enjoyment of goods and services. Although social scientists and tourism researchers have studied built environments that are themed, the theming of activities and special events has not been examined in great detail. Themed activities and events are an integral dimension of themed cruises and underpin the provision of experiences that are coordinated and organised around a particular hobby, pastime, or specialised interest. This article identifies and analyses a series of factors that have contributed to the rise of themed cruises. These factors are the fragmentation of markets, the rising importance of neo-tribal affiliations, the heightened sense of nostalgic identification with past eras, and the popularity of celebrities. Themed cruises serve a particularly important purpose for the cruise industry because they are used as a way of attracting both first-time and repeat passengers. Business imperatives are ultimately behind the structured ‘thematisation' of consumption. The examples that complement the more theoretical components of the article were obtained from articles published in newspapers and travel-industry periodicals. A crucial notion addressed by this article is that the four factors responsible for the rise of themed cruises are interwoven and mutually reinforcing.

Event management education has emerged in recent decades as an alternative to the related disciplines of tourism, leisure and hospitality. While the number of course offerings in this area continues to expand, questions have been raised regarding the employability of graduates in terms of their degrees equipping them with the requisite skills to work in this industry and the capacity of the sector to employ the ever increasing number of graduates. This article combines two studies to offer a multifaceted perspective on the requisite skills and abilities students perceive to be associated with event management employment and employers' assessments of where students stand in relation to these skills. One perspective has been gleaned from analysis of a survey of students at Victoria University (VU), Melbourne, undertaking a degree qualification in event management. Complementing this perspective, employer insights are gained from previously unreported aggregated appraisal data collected from organisations involved in hosting VU event management students on various work integrated learning placements. The findings of these combined data sources highlight the need for educators to more closely align student perceptions of the importance and subsequent performance in certain skill areas with the standards expected by event management employers.