The selection of an analogical source is a critical step in the design-by-analogy process. Previous researchers have explored the reasons and preferences of individual designers or design teams in selecting analogical sources. Non-designers, who instead have more knowledge of other fields, may offer new possibilities for retrieving novel analogical sources. This study focuses on differences in the selection of analogical sources between collaborative design teams composed of designers and nondesigners. There are indeed significant differences in the selection of the source type, the reasons for selecting the source, the level of abstraction in inspiration stimuli, and the novelty of design ideas between designers and non-designers. This work may provide theoretical guidance for the development of collaborative design tools and methods for teams composed of designers and non-designers with different knowledge bases.

The capability to manufacture at home is continually increasing with technologies, such as 3D printing. However, the ability to design products suitable for manufacture and use remains a highly-skilled and knowledge intensive activity. This has led to ‘content creators’ providing vast repositories of manufacturable products for society, however challenges remain in the search & retrieval of models. This paper presents the surrogate model convolutional neural networks approach to search and retrieve CAD models by mapping them directly to their real-world photographed counterparts.

Linear production is related to resource scarcity and negative environmental impacts. Circular Economy (CE) emerged for society transition towards sustainability, based on regenerative systems and multiple life cycle products. Product Life cycle Management (PLM) supports the whole life cycle with the aid of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). A literature review analyzed the role of ICT enabling CE based on PLM, identifying challenges and opportunities, active and passive PLM, system perspective, stakeholder's role, and sustainability. Concluding that ICT enables the CE transition.

This paper presents an eco-innovation method by revised the “Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD)” method which is the failure analysis tools in TRIZ theory. Using the functional analysis to list the system process and make the functional analysis model. Based on the environmental efficiency factors and functional analysis model, Substance-Field inverse analysis can find a lot of failure modes in the system. In order to assess the priority of risk improvement, the designer can calculate the environmental risk priority number including controlling documents, public image and environmental consequences. Designer can quickly find out the potential failure mode in the complex engineering system with the systematic steps. The TRIZ methods are used for finding eco-innovation idea to solve failure problem. The capability of the whole eco-innovative design process was illustrated by the electrical motorcycle case.

Design for Sustainability is a research area based on a multidisciplinary approach, which has become increasingly important in recent years. Great attention is paid to the design of products that can impact on users' behaviours, through embedded smart technologies, e.g. Internet of Things (IoT). In fact, IoT systems are able to “dialogue” with the users, supporting the identification of any misbehaviour, and suggesting more sustainable ones.

This paper presents a research aiming at supporting users towards more conscious food consumption in their daily life to reduce food waste. As a case study, it has been developed an interactive system in which chicken eggs are used as main communication element. Indeed, the environmental footprint of the egg industry is very heavy, and eggs are one of the main wasted food. The interactive system consists of a physical product, an eggs tray, integrating sensors and actuators for handling the interaction with users. It is accompanied by an interactive application for monitoring eggs consumption, displaying eggs waste statistics, and an Augmented Reality part for children, aimed to improve their awareness about food waste and the impact on their food habits through an “edutainment” approach.

Prototypes can be used to create value in all phases of the product development process. Prototyping strategies that determine how prototypes are developed should therefore be considered for the prototyping process as a whole. In this paper, we analyse how partitioning strategies were used by ten novice design teams to navigate their prototyping processes during a three-week mechatronic development project. Using the ‘ProtoMapping’ method, their prototyping strategies were visualized and five different types of strategies identified. Four of the ten teams formally planned how to divide their product into modules that could be prototyped in parallel or planned when to integrate prototypes to test the full product. Still, the ProtoMaps showed that most of the teams used some partitioning strategies during their project even when they did not formally decide to do so. Novice designers should be supported in making such strategies for the prototyping process deliberately. Therefore, prototyping tools should be expanded to support not only individual prototyping activities but also the prototyping process.

The world consequently gets faster, so does product development. Therefore, the stock of development and simulation data increases continuously. Unfortunately, inexperienced users cannot cope with the rising number of simulation requests in the time needed. Digital Engineering opens potentials to support the users with newly developed methods and tools. In this contribution, we present a method to assist designers, inexperienced in finite-element simulations to perform an initial check of changed parametric designs independently, quickly and with support in interpreting the results.

Work-integrated learning (WIL) is an educational approach that intentionally scaffolds work experiences throughout undergraduate education. This approach has been proven to provide many benefits to students, including increased grade point averages, better job prospects after graduation and skill development. As such, we expect WIL experiences to contribute to engineering student's ability to design, a central aspect of both engineering education and practice. We found little evidence of research related to WIL experiences in the design literature, so we conducted a secondary data analysis on 33 publications from engineering education literature focusing on student WIL experiences with design. The review found evidence of students using a design process and recognizing the importance of designing within context, focusing on health, safety and ethical concerns of being an engineering designer. However, there was little evidence found of what students actually designed (i.e., components, systems or processes). We highlight some interesting areas for future research, specifically for design researchers to investigate how student work experiences are contributing to their development of design knowledge, skills and abilities.

The design rationale describes the justification of design decision or selection. To avoid unnecessary design iterations, a capturing and documentation of this rationale is highly desirable. In digital engineering processes it is of imminent importance not only to document the evaluation processes behind this rationale but to make them repeatable and digitally executable. This allows to design a variety of product variants within an engineering framework. This paper explains an approach based on graph-based design languages and presents it based on a section of an automotive assembly system.

One of the main tasks of today's data-driven design is to learn customers' concerns from the feedback data posted on the internet, to drive smarter and more profitable decisions during product development. Feature-based opinion mining was first performed by the computer and design scientists to analyse online product reviews. In order to provide more sophisticated customer feedback analyses and to understand in a deeper way customer concerns about products, the authors propose an affordance-based online review analysis framework. This framework allows understanding how and in what condition customers use their products, how user preferences change over years and how customers use the product innovatively. An empirical case study using the proposed approach is conducted with the online reviews of Kindle e-readers downloaded from amazon.com. A set of innovation leads and redesign paths are provided for the design of next-generation e-reader. This study suggests that bridging data analytics with classical models and methods in design engineering can bring success for data-driven design.

Prototyping uses many models over its process, with varying strength and weakness offered by those in the physical vs digital domains. Working across domains is necessary but introduces a transition cost, process complexities, and risks lost learning. Drawing from Digital Twinning, this work explores the creation of integrated physical-digital prototyping workflows, where technology enables simultaneous cross-domain working. It contrasts four case-study implementations of integrated prototyping workflow to current practice, exploring feasibility, value, and implementation challenges.

Over the last ten years, several stakeholders from the higher education sector have been involved in the area of student activation. This is due to the fact that, among other things, lecturers can get better feedback from the learners through active learning and thus can make the lecture more goal-oriented. Due to technological progress and currently available learning platforms, interactive methods are often used, which can be carried out with the help of online tools. Among the most commonly used methods are Peer Instruction (PI) and Just in Time Teaching (JiTT).

All kinds of Mixed Reality are increasingly used in industrial and social context, such as product development processes. Through Augmented Reality (AR) technology and the constant availability of powerful mobile devices, 3D-based content can be virtually linked to the real environment. This enables teaching complex content efficiently, which is otherwise difficult to achieve using conventional methods.

This paper shows an example on the creation of an AR-Experience to activate students even in a situation, that prevents attandence learning. The procedure is explained along the design and calculation of a non-switchable clutches within the lecture "machine elements".

This research proposes a virtual environment (VE) for co-designing in early childhood education and care settings using a social VR platform with 3D-scanned childcare rooms. Co-design workshops were analyzed focusing on perceived presence and experience and workshop outcomes. The results indicate a high level of presence in the VE, with unique advantages like facilitating 3D prototyping. However, challenges such as unbalanced prototyping tools distribution were also noted. The study highlights the potential of VEs with 3D scanned rooms in co-design.

Lightweight design (LWD) is partly reaching its limits. New technologies must not only be used to make products more functional, but also to make LWD more efficient. Here additive manufacturing (AM) should be named. Potentials of the use in LWD are not yet clear. In this work, existing LWD strategies and their location in the design process are presented. Criteria are worked out which influence the design process and the use of LWD strategies. The use of AM in (hybrid) LWD will be investigated in order to overcome design trade-offs and what influence its use could have on the design process.

Digitalization and sustainability are major challenges for today's manufacturing industry. While digitalization is characterized by the incorporation of digital technologies in the products and services as well as the value creation architectures, sustainability requires them to balance economic, environmental and social issues. In both areas, especially Product Service Systems (PSS) are constantly gaining importance. This results in so called smart PSS that integrate digital technologies as well as sustainable PSS which aim at a positive impact on sustainability. Both two concepts cannot be clearly delimited since smart PSS might be designed for sustainability as well and sustainable PSS might be used with digital technologies. This paper aims to investigate the interrelations. To that, digitalization patterns of products and services are evaluated regarding their sustainable impact. The evaluation is conducted by a survey in research and industry. Furthermore, the design of the underlying value creation architecture is investigated. Here, a methodology is proposed enabling companies to optimize their value creation architecture.

Emerging visualisation tools based on eXtended Reality (XR) platforms offer designers new possibilities and benefits, attracting increasing interest from academia and industry. However, as the users and consumers of these tools, practising designers' perceptions of XR visualisation tools need to be further verified as they shape the tools' acceptance and integration in the industry. This paper investigates industrial designers' acceptance of VR visualisation tools using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 12 designers from 3 countries to discuss their attitudes, motivations, experiences, and expectations regarding adopting VR visualisation tools as professional tools. The study highlights key opportunities to promote VR integration in industrial design as the tools' practical capabilities to support design performance and the social influence of stakeholders and peer designers on the professional use of VR. The main barriers lie in designers' expected effort to learn and use the tools and the investment and upkeep of VR systems and facilities in the industry. The paper concludes with recommendations for reaping benefits and overcoming barriers.

Usage data of reference systems can be analyzed in the development process for the validation of system elements. The process model for data-driven validation of elements in the system of objectives aids developers in performing such data analyses. The conducted studies show that the basis for an efficient analysis process is a common understanding of the system and the goal of the analysis. Therefore, a template was derived over the course of case studies describing the elements in the system of objectives. The template covers the three descriptive dimensions general information, technical system and data. It allows a comprehensive description of analysis use cases. On average it takes 11 minutes for developers to aggregate all necessary information and consequently fill out the template. An A/B-Test confirmed the comprehensibility and applicability of the template even for developers of different domain knowledge. Through its contribution to a sustainable knowledge management the template provides an added value for the developers for conducting analysis.

Developing appropriate assistive technology to be manufactured and maintained within the local context of a low-resource setting requires alternative design principles and designerly ways to those used when designing in, or for, more resourced regions of the world. This case study offers an empirical account of the design of SafariSeat, an all-terrain wheelchair which has been designed, tested, manufactured and turned into a sustainable enterprise in East Africa. The wheelchair was developed with intentions to reduce inequality and help alleviate poverty in low-resource communities by improving users' health, wellbeing and participation in society, whilst creating and facilitating local jobs to support communities. Having developed SafariSeat with a human-centred design approach, a local mindset, and prioritisation of usability and affordability, this case study is used to reflect on the applied design principles, practices and processes whilst providing contextual insights for other designers seeking to work in a similar way. The study discusses challenges encountered whilst designing in a low-resource setting, and highlights how local collaboration and partnerships can help lead to the creation of a more sustainable solution.

COVID-19 pandemic has continued to pose a challenge to the society for almost three years, adversely affecting all segments of population in a scale unseen in the recent decades. Over the course of COVID-19 pandemic, many people have lost their jobs and income. These social and economic impacts have disrupted the market, potentially altering people's attitudes towards different product features. Therefore, this paper investigates the changes in customer preferences on various features of different products, before and after COVID-19 pandemic, using online review analysis. The proposed framework consists of four stages. Firstly, product review data is collected and preprocessed. Secondly, customer interest in product features is explored using latent Dirichlet allocation. Thirdly, customer sentiment for these features is analyzed with Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner. Finally, the importance of each feature is calculated based on interpretable machine learning. The proposed method is tested on two real-world datasets – smartphone and laptop reviews. The result reveals the changes in customer sentiments and preferences for product features, thus helping companies quickly establish strategies in rapidly changing market environments.

Applications of autonomous systems are becoming increasingly common across the field of engineered systems from cars, drones, manufacturing systems and medical devices, addressing prevailing societal changes, and, increasingly, consumer demand. Autonomous systems are expected to self-manage and self-certify against risks affecting the mission, safety and asset integrity. While significant progress has been achieved in relation to the modelling of safety and safety assurance of autonomous systems, no similar approach is available for resilience that integrates coherently across the cyber and physical parts. This paper presents a comprehensive discussion of resilience in the context of robotic autonomous systems, covering both resilience by design and resilience by reaction, and proposes a conceptual model of a system of learning for resilience assurance in a continuous product development framework. The resilience assurance model is proposed as a composable digital artefact, underpinned by a rigorous model-based resilience analysis at the system design stage, and dynamically monitored and continuously updated at run time in the system operation stage, with machine learning based knowledge extraction and validation.