In this paper we prove a unique continuationresult for a cascade system of parabolic equations, in which the solution of the firstequation is (partially) used as a forcing term for the second equation. As aconsequence we prove the existence of ε-insensitizing controls for someparabolic equations when the control region and the observability region do not intersect.

Fix two points $x,\bar{x}\in S^2$ and two directions (without orientation) $\eta,\bar\eta$ of the velocities in these points. In this paper we are interested to the problem of minimizing the cost

$J[\gamma]=\int_0^T \left({\g}_{\gamma(t)}(\dot\gamma(t),\dot\gamma(t))+K^2_{\gamma(t)}{\g}_{\gamma(t)}(\dot\gamma(t),\dot\gamma(t)) \right) ~{\rm d}t$

along all smooth curves starting from x with direction η and ending in $\bar{x}$ with direction $\bar\eta$ . Here g is the standard Riemannian metric on S 2 and $K_\gamma$ is the corresponding geodesic curvature.The interest of this problem comes from mechanics and geometry of vision. It can be formulated as a sub-Riemannian problem on the lens space L(4,1).We compute the global solution for this problem: an interesting feature is that some optimal geodesics present cusps. The cut locus is a stratification with non trivial topology.

The goal of this article is to analyze the observability properties for a space semi-discrete approximation scheme derived from a mixed finite element method of the 1d wave equation on nonuniform meshes. More precisely, we prove that observability properties hold uniformly with respect to the mesh-size under some assumptions, which, roughly, measures the lack of uniformity of the meshes, thus extending the work [Castro and Micu, Numer. Math.102 (2006) 413–462] to nonuniform meshes. Our results are based on a precise description of the spectrum of the discrete approximation schemes on nonuniform meshes, and the use of Ingham's inequality. We also mention applications to the boundary null controllability of the 1d wave equation, and to stabilization properties for the 1d wave equation. We finally present some applications for the corresponding fully discrete schemes, based on recent articles by the author.

We study a comparison principle and uniqueness of positive solutions forthe homogeneous Dirichlet boundary value problem associated to quasi-linear elliptic equations withlower order terms. A model example is given by

$ -\Delta u+\lambda\frac{|\nabla u|^2}{u^r} = f(x), \qquad\lambda,r>0.$

The main feature of these equations consists in having a quadratic gradient term in which singularities are allowed. The arguments employed here also work to deal with equations having lack of ellipticity or some dependence on u in the right handside. Furthermore, they could be applied to obtain uniqueness results for nonlinear equations having the p-Laplacian operator as the principalpart. Our results improve those already known, even if the gradient term is not singular.

In this paper we investigate the equivalence of the sequentialweak lower semicontinuity of the total energy functional and the quasiconvexity of thestored energy function of the nonlinear micropolar elasticity. Based on techniques of Acerbi and Fusco [Arch. Rational Mech. Anal.86 (1984) 125–145] we extend the result from Tambača and Velčić [ESAIM: COCV (2008) DOI: 10.1051/cocv:2008065] for energies thatsatisfy the growth of order p≥ 1. This result is the mainstep towards the general existence theorem for the nonlinear micropolarelasticity.

We prove global internal controllability in large time for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a bounded interval with periodic, Dirichlet or Neumann conditions. Our strategy combines stabilization and local controllability near 0. We use Bourgain spaces to prove this result on L2 . We also get a regularity result about the control if the data are assumed smoother.

The left-invariant sub-Riemannian problem on the group of motions of a plane is considered. Sub-Riemannian geodesics are parameterized by Jacobi's functions. Discrete symmetries of the problem generated by reflections of pendulum are described. The corresponding Maxwell points are characterized, on this basis an upper bound on the cut time is obtained.

We consider an optimal control problem for the three-dimensional non-linear Primitive Equations of the ocean in a vertically bounded and horizontally periodic domain. We aim to reconstruct the initial state of the ocean from Lagrangian observations. This inverse problem is formulated as an optimal control problem which consists in minimizing a cost function representing the least square error between Lagrangian observations and their model counterpart, plus a regularization term. This paper proves the existence of an optimal control for the regularized problem. To this end, we also prove new energy estimates for the Primitive Equations, thanks to well-chosen functional spaces, which distinguish the vertical dimension from the horizontal ones. We illustrate the result with a numerical experiment.

We consider abstract second order evolution equations with unboundedfeedback with delay. Existence results are obtained under somerealistic assumptions. Sufficient and explicit conditions are derived that guarantee the exponential or polynomial stability. Some new examples that enter into our abstract framework are presented.

We derive sharp necessary conditions for weak sequential lower semicontinuity of integral functionals on Sobolev spaces, with an integrand which only depends on the gradient of a scalar field over a domain in ${\mathbb R}^N$ . An emphasis is put on domains with infinite measure, and the integrand is allowed to assume the value $+\infty$ .

DiPerna's and Majda's generalization of Young measures is used to describe oscillations and concentrations in sequences of maps $\{u_k\}_{k\in{\mathbb N}} \subset L^p(\Omega;{\mathbb R}^m)$ satisfying a linear differential constraint ${\mathcal A}u_k=0$ . Applications to sequential weak lower semicontinuity of integral functionals on ${\mathcal A}$ -free sequences and to weak continuity of determinants are given. In particular, we state necessary and sufficient conditions for weak* convergence of det $\nabla\varphi_k\stackrel{*}{\rightharpoonup}{\rm det}\nabla\varphi$ in measures on the closure of $\Omega\subset{\mathbb R}^n$ if $\varphi_k\rightharpoonup\varphi$ in $W^{1,n}(\Omega;{\mathbb R}^n)$ . This convergence holds, for example, under Dirichlet boundary conditions. Further, we formulate a Biting-like lemmaprecisely stating which subsets $\Omega_j\subset \Omega$ must be removed to obtain weak lower semicontinuity of $u\mapsto\int_{\Omega\setminus\Omega_j} v(u(x))\,{\rm d}x$ along $\{u_k\}\subset L^p(\Omega;{\mathbb R}^m)\cap{\rm ker}\ {\mathcal A}$ . Specifically, $\Omega_j$ are arbitrarily thin “boundary layers”.