We address the problem of optimal transport with a quadratic cost functional and a constraint on the flux through a constriction along the path. The constriction, conceptually represented by a toll station, limits the flow rate across. We provide a precise formulation which, in addition, is amenable to generalization in higher dimensions. We work out in detail the case of transport in one dimension by proving existence and uniqueness of solution. Under suitable regularity assumptions, we give an explicit construction of the transport plan. Generalization of flux constraints to higher dimensions and possible extensions of the theory are discussed.

According to a 2002 theorem by Cardaliaguet and Tahraoui, an isotropic, compact and connected subset of the group $\textrm {GL}^{\!+}(2)$ of invertible $2\times 2$ - - matrices is rank-one convex if and only if it is polyconvex. In a 2005 Journal of Convex Analysis article by Alexander Mielke, it has been conjectured that the equivalence of rank-one convexity and polyconvexity holds for isotropic functions on $\textrm {GL}^{\!+}(2)$ as well, provided their sublevel sets satisfy the corresponding requirements. We negatively answer this conjecture by giving an explicit example of a function $W\colon \textrm {GL}^{\!+}(2)\to \mathbb {R}$ which is not polyconvex, but rank-one convex as well as isotropic with compact and connected sublevel sets.

We present some inequalities for the mappings defined by Dragomir [‘Two mappings in connection to Hadamard’s inequalities’, J. Math. Anal. Appl.167 (1992), 49–56]. We analyse known inequalities connected with these mappings using a recently developed method connected with stochastic orderings and Stieltjes integrals. We show that some of these results are optimal and others may be substantially improved.

All non-negative, continuous, $\text{SL}(n)$, and translation invariant valuations on the space of super-coercive, convex functions on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ are classified. Furthermore, using the invariance of the function space under the Legendre transform, a classification of non-negative, continuous, $\text{SL}(n)$, and dually translation invariant valuations is obtained. In both cases, different functional analogs of the Euler characteristic, volume, and polar volume are characterized.

This paper provides a functional analogue of the recently initiated dual Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski theory for star bodies. We first propose the Orlicz addition of measures, and establish the dual functional Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski inequality. Based on a family of linear Orlicz additions of two measures, we provide an interpretation for the famous $f$-divergence. Jensen’s inequality for integrals is also proved to be equivalent to the newly established dual functional Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski inequality. An optimization problem for the $f$-divergence is proposed, and related functional affine isoperimetric inequalities are established.

In this note, we provide an explicit formula for computing the quasiconvex envelope of any real-valued function W; SL(2) → ℝ with W(RF) = W(FR) = W(F) for all F ∈ SL(2) and all R ∈ SO(2), where SL(2) and SO(2) denote the special linear group and the special orthogonal group, respectively. In order to obtain our result, we combine earlier work by Dacorogna and Koshigoe on the relaxation of certain conformal planar energy functions with a recent result on the equivalence between polyconvexity and rank-one convexity for objective and isotropic energies in planar incompressible nonlinear elasticity.

We present the second-order necessary and sufficient conditions for quasiconvex and pseudoconvex functions in terms of their second-order regular subdifferentials.

We show that, in the two-dimensional case, every objective, isotropic and isochoric energy function that is rank-one convex on GL+(2) is already polyconvex on GL+(2). Thus, we answer in the negative Morrey's conjecture in the subclass of isochoric nonlinear energies, since polyconvexity implies quasi-convexity. Our methods are based on different representation formulae for objective and isotropic functions in general, as well as for isochoric functions in particular. We also state criteria for these convexity conditions in terms of the deviatoric part of the logarithmic strain tensor.

If $f,\,g:\,{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}\,\to \,{{\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0}}$ are non-negative measurable functions, then the Prékopa–Leindler inequality asserts that the integral of the Asplund sum (provided that it is measurable) is greater than or equal to the 0-mean of the integrals of $f$ and $g$. In this paper we prove that under the sole assumption that $f$ and $g$ have a common projection onto a hyperplane, the Prékopa–Leindler inequality admits a linear refinement. Moreover, the same inequality can be obtained when assuming that both projections (not necessarily equal as functions) have the same integral. An analogous approach may be also carried out for the so-called Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequality.

In this paper, we introduce the definition of a convex real valued function $f$ defined on the set of integers, $\mathbb{Z}$ . We prove that $f$ is convex on $\mathbb{Z}$ if and only if ${{\Delta }^{2}}f\,\ge \,0$ on $\mathbb{Z}$ . As a first application of this new concept, we state and prove discrete Hermite–Hadamard inequality using the basics of discrete calculus (i.e., the calculus on $\mathbb{Z}$ ). Second, we state and prove the discrete fractional Hermite–Hadamard inequality using the basics of discrete fractional calculus. We close the paper by defining the convexity of a real valued function on any time scale.

In this paper we establish concavity properties of two extensions of the classical notion of the outer parallel volume. On the one hand, we replace the Lebesgue measure by more general measures. On the other hand, we consider a functional version of the outer parallel sets.

Blackwell (1951), in his seminal work on comparison of experiments, ordered two experiments using a dilation ordering: one experiment, Y, is ‘more spread out’ in the sense of dilation than another one, X, if E(c(Y))≥E(c(X)) for all convex functions c. He showed that this ordering is equivalent to two other orderings, namely (i) a total time on test ordering and (ii) a martingale relationship E(Yʹ | Xʹ)=Xʹ, where (Xʹ,Yʹ) has a joint distribution with the same marginals as X and Y. These comparisons are generalized to balayage orderings that are defined in terms of generalized convex functions. These balayage orderings are equivalent to (i) iterated total integral of survival orderings and (ii) martingale-type orderings which we refer to as k-mart orderings. These comparisons can arise naturally in model fitting and data confidentiality contexts.

the interplay between the behaviour of approximately convex (and approximately affine) functions on the unit ball of a banach space and the geometry of banach $k$-spaces is studied.

The Hessian measures of a (semi-)convex function can be introduced as coefficients of a local Steiner formula. The investigation of Hessian measures is continued by the provision of a geometric characterization of the support of these measures. Then the Radon–Nikodym derivative and the absolute continuity of Hessian measures with respect to Lebesgue measure are explored. As special cases of the results, known results for surface area measures of convex bodies are recovered.

A real-valued function $f$ defined on an open, convex set $D$ of a real normed space is called $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-midconvex if it satisfies $$f\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right) \le \frac{f(x)+f(y)}{2} + \varepsilon|x-y| + \delta, \quad\hbox{for } x,y\in D.$$ The main result of the paper states that if $f$ is locally bounded from above at a point of $D$ and is $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-midconvex, then it satisfies the convexity-type inequality $$f(\lambda x+(1-\lambda) y) \leq \lambda f(x)+(1-\lambda)f(y)+2\delta +2\varepsilon \varphi(\lambda)|x-y| \quad\hbox{for } x,y\in D, \, \lambda\in[0,1],$$ where $\varphi:[0,1]\to{\mathbb R}$ is a continuous function satisfying $$\max(-\lambda\log_2\lambda,\,-(1-\lambda)\log_2(1-\lambda)) \le\varphi(\lambda)\le 1.4\max(-\lambda\log_2\lambda,\,-(1-\lambda)\log_2(1-\lambda))$$. The particular case $\varepsilon=0$ of this result is due to Ng and Nikodem (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 118 (1993) 103–108), while the specialization $\varepsilon=\delta=0$ yields the theorem of Bernstein and Doetsch (Math. Ann. 76 (1915) 514–526).

In this paper, two gradient properties of explicit convex functions are given.

Using second epi derivatives, we introduce a generalized second fundamental form for Lipschitzian hypersurfaces. In the case of a convex hypersurface, our approach leads back to the classical second fundamental form, which is usually obtained from the second fundamental forms of the outer parallel surfaces by means of a limit procedure.