Introduction: Young-onset AD (YOAD) affects people aged 65 years old or younger with greater initial loss of cognitive abilities, more significantly on attention, visuospatial function, motor- executive functions, and language.

Methods: 30 dyads, People with AD – caregivers, were evaluated. People with YOAD were assessed for: disease awareness, and depression. Caregivers were assessed for: depression, anxiety, coping, and burden. Additionally, caregivers provided information about mood, neuropsychiatric symptoms, dementia severity, and patients’ activities of daily living.

Results: Caregivers showed moderate level of burden 38.94 (SD = 14.74), low level of anxiety9.11 (SD = 9.8), moderate level of coping strategies 65.71 (SD = 11.7), and mild level of depressive symptoms 10.72 (SD = 8.8). People with AD had an average cognition score of 15.27, 50% had moderate dementia rating (CDR=2), mild depression index 12.35 (SD = 5.4), moderate index of neuropsychiatric symptoms 36.2 (SD = 23.3), and partially compromised disease awareness 9.06 (SD = 5.12). Coping strategy total score of caregivers was positively correlated with their cognition. Problem-focus is positively correlated with caregivers’ years of education, cognition and inversely correlated anxiety. The coping strategies were not correlated with the clinical variables of people with YOAD. Dysfunctional and emotional- focus did not have significant correlations with the clinical variables of people with YOAD or their caregivers.

Conclusions: Most caregivers, likely experiencing significant disruption in their personal lives, were similar-aged spouses to people with AD. Problem-focused coping strategies appear effective for caregivers, indicating that better cognitive health and higher education levels may enable them to use planning and active coping strategies to manage dysfunctional behaviors. Self-distraction was observed as a dysfunctional coping strategy, suggesting an association with anxiety and depression in caregivers, though our results do not confirm a causal relationship. Future studies with larger dyads samples should explore the relationship between coping strategies, clinical variables in patients with YOAD, and their caregivers, aiming to develop interventions to assist caregivers more effectively.

Background: The transition from hospital to community for psychiatric patients is often challenging due to difficulties in managing community life after discharge and receiving consistent mental health treatment (Marianne, 2019). Some systematic reviews reported on interventions to improve discharge from acute adult mental health inpatient care to the community (Tyler, 2019) and the effectiveness of crisis resolution/home treatment teams for older people with mental health problems (Toot, 2011). However, these reviews revealed inadequate evidence for nursing interventions in community. In Japan, home-visit nursing is considered to play an important role for people with mental disorders living in community.

This review aims to provide an overview of the effectiveness of home-visit nursing in supporting community life for individuals with mental disorders discharged from psychiatric hospitals.

Methods: We conducted a search in electronic databases including Medline (OVID) and CINAHL (EBSCOhost). The search was conducted using the following keywords: “mental disorders”, “hospitalization”, “patient readmission”, “home visit nursing”, “home nursing”, “home health care”, “home care services”, and “house calls”. The review included original articles and research reports. Conference reports and articles about other professions, and interventions conducted in hospitals or facilities were excluded.

Results: A total of 205 articles were extracted, with 109 from Medline and 96 from CINAHL. We retrieved 13 studies, including three randomized controlled trials, two interventional studies, and eight retrospective studies. Most participants were post-discharge individuals with mental disabilities, but some studies included individuals prior to hospital admission. Most studies reported that home-visit interventions reduced psychiatric rehospitalization, the duration of hospitalization, and medical costs. One study reported that community-based treatment for older persons with severe mental illness decreased depressive symptoms and psychiatric hospitalization at 6 months. Additionally, telephone follow-ups were reported to be more effective than regular interventions in some studies. However, the intervention and effectiveness measurement Methods varied among the studies.

Conclusions: Home-visit interventions appear to be effective in preventing hospitalization for individuals with mental disorders. However, it is difficult to make simple comparisons as the content of home-visit interventions varies according to the background system and the region. Further research and systematic reviews are necessary.

Caribbean health research has overwhelmingly employed measures developed elsewhere and rarely includes evaluation of psychometric properties. Established measures are important for research and practice. Particularly, measures of stress and coping are needed. Stressors experienced by Caribbean people are multifactorial, as emerging climate threats interact with existing complex and vulnerable socioeconomic environments. In the early COVID-19 pandemic, our team developed an online survey to assess the well-being of health professions students across university campuses in four Caribbean countries. This survey included the Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item version (PSS-10) and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). The participants were 1,519 health professions students (1,144 females, 372 males). We evaluated the psychometric qualities of the measures, including internal consistency, concurrent validity by correlating both measures, and configural invariance using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Both scales had good internal consistency, with omega values of 0.91 for the PSS-10 and 0.81 for the BRCS. CFA suggested a two-factor structure of the PSS-10 and unidimensional structure of the BRCS. These findings support further use of these measures in Caribbean populations. However, the sampling strategy limits generalizability. Further research evaluating these and other measures in the Caribbean is desirable.

Contemporary biological and contextually based theoretical frameworks have conceptualized how stress exposure may influence adaptation in youth. However, nearly all of this scholarship neglects the role of specific contextual features and/or biological processes that are involved in ethnic-racial minority youth’s responses and adaptation to sociocultural stressors. Drawing on the theoretical principles of the developmental psychopathology framework and contemporary models of stress and adaptation, this article proposes a new multisystem model that explains how multiple levels and systems within and outside of individual youth influence their sociocultural adaptation. We provide empirical evidence to support components of this multisystem model. We propose that research based on our new theoretical framework will capture the sociocultural experiences of ethnic-racial minority youth by centering processes that are relevant to their lived experiences, coping, and adjustment. In doing so, this model will inform psychosocial interventions focused on promoting healthy adaptation among ethnic and racial diverse youth. Finally, we offer recommendations to guide future research on stress and adaptation among ethnic and racial diverse youth, in particular, and developmental psychopathology more broadly.

Older adults were particularly vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating significant efforts to avoid contamination. This extraordinary situation posed an increased risk of mental pressure, and the ability to handle stressful situations is affected by several aspects. Therefore, this study aims to explore the coping strategies employed by older adults during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 41 Swedish older adults aged 70–85 participated in phone interviews regarding their experiences with social distancing due to COVID-19. The interviews were conducted between April and May 2020, with nine follow-up interviews conducted in November and December 2020. The findings revealed results that despite the challenging circumstances, the participants demonstrated a strong mindset and resilience. Strategies utilised to improve their wellbeing and manage the situation included following recommendations, accepting the situation and maintaining a positive outlook. The influence of previous experiences on their coping strategies was evident. Additionally, the participants expressed a longing for their relatives and a need to adopt new technologies to manage their everyday lives. The follow-up interviews indicated no significant changes in worry or behaviour; if anything, participants were less worried at the beginning of the pandemic. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on vulnerability among older adults by highlighting the diverse range of coping strategies employed during a prolonged crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It demonstrated that though they are medically vulnerable, they are situationally resilient and, in many ways, well set to handle a challenging situation. During crises, older adults might need practical assistance. On the other hand, they can be a resource regarding mental preparedness during crises. Further research should explore the possibilities of balancing the needs of older adults and, at the same time, viewing them as a resource during long-time crises.

The way that leaders and citizens cope with stress is under-theorised in the study of International Relations (IR). This article anchors psychological studies on coping to the literature theorising emotions in IR to clarify two unaddressed questions: (1) how do political actors – individuals and collectives – cope with both sudden crises and long-term change?; and (2) in the context of international politics, whose coping matters, and under what conditions? Our coping framework demonstrates that intersubjective appraisal of urgency from everyday stressors triggers a process that elevates individual coping to the collective level. Circulation of coping responses, a key but neglected process of scaling up, binds individuals to affective communities. Our theoretical contribution is an innovative coping framework to explore how individual pursuit of well-being is transformed into collective agency. The methodological novelty is the triangulation of emotional representation with survey data and in-depth interviews to capture the circulation of coping responses. We illustrate our conceptual framework with the overlooked case of Hong Kong. Our findings suggest coping constitutes conditions of political possibilities, in that individual Hong Kongers’ efforts to sustain emotional well-being are aggregated to create momentum for a state-building project unexpected by the former British colonisers or the Chinese Communist Party.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating for people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers. While prior research has documented these effects, it has not delved into their specific causes or how they are modified by contextual variation in caregiving circumstances.

Co-active coping is a fundamental construct in organizational and work environments as it allows for the exploration of individual and group behaviors within organizations. The aim of this study was to develop a new scale called the Co-Active Coping Inventory in the Chilean context. The sample was comprised of 1,442 workers with an average age of 30.48 years (SD = 11.13). 55% were public-sector workers, 34.5% were workers in private commercial organizations, and 10.5% belonged to non-profit private organizations. Different exploratory factor analyses were performed, and the best exploratory model was verified with a confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, multiple linear regressions were used to analyze which dimensions of co-active coping helped predict workers’ burnout (emotional exhaustion, affective hardening, and personal fulfillment) and symptomatology (psychological and somatic). Based on the exploratory and confirmatory approach, the Co-Active Coping Inventory showed a good fit to a structure of five correlated factors (Reflective Action, Rash Action, Search for Spiritual Support, Search for Affective Support and Evasion), demonstrating measurement invariance in terms of sex and type of organization. The different domains of co-active coping explain between 20% (emotional exhaustion) and 41% (affective hardening) of occupational burnout and around 3–5% of workers’ symptomatology, with reflective action being the most important variable. These results indicate that the new scale has suitable psychometric properties; it can assess coping strategies in the Chilean organizational context in a reliable and valid way. These coping strategies have demonstrated certain importance in relation to organizational and clinical variables.