Section 13A of the Insurance Act 2015 implies a term into every insurance contract that if the assured makes a claim under the contract, the insurer must pay any sums due in respect of the claim within a “reasonable time”. It provides contractual remedies, such as damages, in the event of breach. To date, a breach of section 13A has been pleaded in two cases which have resulted in judgments – Quadra Commodities S.A. v XL Insurance Co. S.E. and others [2022] EWHC 431 (Comm) and Delos Shipholding S.A. and others v Allianz Global Corporate and Specialty S.E. and others (“Win Win”) [2024] EWHC 719 (Comm) – and in each case the section 13A claim failed. Informed by the understanding of section 13A adopted in these two cases, this paper suggests that section 13A largely is symbolic. To this end, it considers three points and argues that two of these hinder the efficacy of section 13A.

It is common in mental health care to ask about people’s days but comparatively rare to ask about their nights. Most patients diagnosed with schizophrenia struggle at nighttime. The next-day effects can include a worsening of psychotic experiences, affective disturbances, and inactivity, which in turn affect the next night’s sleep. Objective and subjective cognitive abilities may be affected too. Patients commonly experience a mix of sleep difficulties in a night and across a week. These difficulties include trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping at all; nightmares and other awakenings; poor-quality sleep; oversleeping; tiredness; sleeping at the wrong times; and problems establishing a regular sleep pattern. The patient group is also more vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome. We describe in this article how the complex presentation of non-respiratory sleep difficulties arises from variation across five factors: timing, mental state, need for sleep, self-care, and environment. We set out 10 illustrative patterns of such difficulties experienced by patients with non-affective psychosis. These sleep problems are eminently treatable with intensive psychological therapy delivered over approximately eight sessions. We describe key techniques and their typical order of implementation by presentation. Sleep problems are an important issue for patients. Giving them the therapeutic attention patients often desire brings both real clinical benefits and improves views of services. Treatment is also very likely to lessen psychotic experiences and mood disturbances while improving daytime functioning and quality of life. Tackling sleep difficulties can be a route toward the successful treatment of psychosis.

The European shores of the Mediterranean are characterised by well-known sociocultural and economic dynamics during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (2200–550 BC), but our understanding of the African shores is comparatively vague. Here, the authors present results from excavations at Kach Kouch, Morocco, revealing an occupation phase from 2200–2000 cal BC, followed by a stable settlement from c. 1300–600 BC characterised by wattle and daub architecture, a farming economy, distinctive cultural practices and extensive connections. Kach Kouch underscores the agency of local communities, challenging the notion of north-western Africa as terra nullius prior to Phoenician arrival.

Bear baiting was a popular form of entertainment in Shakespearean England that was staged across the country but formalised in the Early Modern entertainment hub on Bankside, London. Here, the authors bring together zooarchaeological, stable isotope and archival evidence in the examination of faunal assemblages from nine archaeological sites on Bankside to elucidate characteristics indicative of bear baiting. In doing so, they present criteria for identifying bear-baiting assemblages in the archaeological record of England and beyond, even in the absence of associated documentary evidence.

We demonstrate the first successful non-invasive stabilisation of nonlinear travelling waves in a straight cylindrical pipe using time-delayed feedback control working in various symmetric subspaces. By using an approximate linear stability analysis and by analysing the frequency-domain effect of the control using transfer functions, we find that solutions with well-separated unstable eigenfrequencies can have narrow windows of stabilising time delays. To mitigate this issue we employ a ‘multiple time-delayed feedback’ approach, where several control terms are included to attenuate a broad range of unstable eigenfrequencies. We implement a gradient descent method to dynamically adjust the gain functions in order to reduce the need for tuning a high-dimensional parameter space. This results in a novel control method where the properties of the target state are not needed in advance, and speculative guesses can result in robust stabilisation. This enables travelling waves to be stabilised from generic turbulent states and unknown travelling waves to be obtained in highly symmetric subspaces.

Birds possess the most diverse assemblage of haemosporidian parasites, although the true diversity is unknown due to high genetic diversity and insufficient sampling across all avian clades. Waterfowl (Order Anseriformes) are an ideal group to discover hidden parasite diversity and examine the role of host ecology in parasite transmission. Waterfowl contain 2 distinct feeding guilds, dabbling and diving, which differ in niche utilization that likely alters vector encounter rates and haemosporidian parasite risk. To determine the role of feeding guild in haemosporidian parasitism we analysed 223 blood samples collected by hunters from the upper Midwest of the United States from 2017 to 2019. Fifty-four individuals were infected by haemosporidian parasites (24·2% prevalence). Infection prevalence differed significantly between dabbling (34·9%, n = 109) and diving (14·0%, n = 114) ducks. Feeding guild was the only host trait that could predict haemosporidian infection risk, with a significantly higher risk in dabbling ducks. Twenty-four haemosporidian lineages were identified, with 9 identified for the first time. Thirteen lineages were found only in dabbling ducks, 5 only in diving ducks and 6 in both feeding guilds. Community analysis showed that each feeding guild harboured a unique parasite community. There was no phylogenetic signal of feeding guild within a phylogenetic reconstruction of North American waterfowl haemosporidian lineages. Our results demonstrate that waterfowl contain a diverse and distinct community of haemosporidian parasites. The unique composition of each feeding guild determines not only haemosporidian infection risk but also community structure. This is the first report of such an impact for waterfowl feeding guilds.

We estimate labor demand elasticities to predict the employment effects of an employer’s contributory pillar in Chile’s pension system. The Chilean system has been a model for reform in many countries worldwide. We find labor demand to be inelastic, with baseline estimates ranging from −0.27 to −0.91. We predict that the implementation of an employer contributory pillar with contribution rates of 1% increase would increase unemployment rates by 0.20 to 0.71 percentage points (pp) from a baseline unemployment of 6.51%. Our results show sizable differences in labor demand elasticities and employment impacts by industry and workforce characteristics. Simulations imply implementing a uniform employer contributory pillar would especially reduce employment for low-skilled workers and workers in industries where labor is easily substitutable.

We use a comprehensive new dataset of asset-class returns in 38 developed countries to examine a popular class of retirement spending rules that prescribe annual withdrawals as a constant percentage of the retirement account balance. A 65-year-old couple willing to bear a 5 percent chance of financial ruin can withdraw just 2.31 percent per year, a rate materially lower than conventional advice (e.g., the 4% rule). Our estimates of failure rates under conventional withdrawal policies have important implications for individuals (e.g., savings rates, retirement timing, and retirement consumption), public policy (e.g., participation rates in means-tested programs), and society (e.g., elderly poverty rates).

In 1934, the much-publicized engagement of Japanese noblewoman Kuroda Masako to Ethiopian nobleman Araya Abebe made headlines worldwide, epitomizing the transnational dream of a racially anti-hierarchical world. Starting from this unrealized wedding, this article showcases the voice of Kuroda Masako, a racially equal imperial feminist who tried to foster her vision of women participating in the empire-building process even in new settings like Ethiopia. By featuring her practices, we are able to understand why they resonated not only in the women’s press but also in a much larger intellectual scene that comprised Pan-Asian and Pan-African activists. Because of such significant resonance across various non-governmental actors worldwide, the Kuroda-Araya engagement became dangerous to state-endorsed agendas in many countries, which were unwilling to countenance an unprecedented alliance between Ethiopia, Japan, and the African American community at the expense of Western and white civilization discourse. As a result, the engagement created a rupture between popular sympathy and the state, eventually resulting in Japan’s official disengagement from Ethiopia well before the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.

Cities around the world are facing a global housing crisis characterized by rising unaffordability, slums, gentrification, inequality, and urban segregation. The Global Financial Crisis highlighted the detrimental impact of highly financialized housing markets. This Article argues that transitioning from a market-based to a welfare-oriented approach is both necessary and feasible to ensure the right to adequate housing for everyone. This shift requires a fundamental re-imagining of housing issues, recognizing that the root causes lie in a political economy where law plays a pivotal role, crossing traditional boundaries between private and public law. We illustrate the legal foundations of adopting a welfare-based approach to the political economy of housing law, contrasting it with a market-based approach in three key areas: Land use regulation, housing finance, and rental markets.

We briefly describe the structure of a regulatory system that alleviates many of the problems that arise when elected officials delegate rulemaking authority to government agencies. These problems include principal-agent issues, monopoly provision, information asymmetry, and tragedy of the commons. This structure better aligns the incentives of regulators with those of legislators and with the well-being of the public. We intend the solutions and process structure presented here not to serve as a collection of proposed changes but as guideposts for those hoping to make any part of the regulatory system better attuned to the needs of the populace.

US authorities justified their invasion of Iraq, in part, by claiming to be liberating Iraqi women from patriarchal oppression. Helen Benedict’s Sand Queen challenges this assertion, exposing how the war embraced a colonial paradigm with which Iraq was long familiar. By documenting the gender-based violence a female American soldier faces from her own side, the book demonstrates contradictions in the liberation rhetoric of US authorities.

In a well-known essay, Thomas Pogge argues that Kant’s political philosophy is not comprehensive in Rawls’ sense, since it is independent of his moral philosophy. However, Pogge understands Kant’s comprehensive liberalism as the view that his moral philosophy entails his political philosophy. I question whether this is the best way to understand comprehensive liberalism, in Kant or in general. I argue that Kant’s comprehensive moral philosophy is not an independent argument for the moral truth of liberal ideals, but a liberal way of justifying an independent commitment to politically liberal values, given that we all have values that are not political.

Inappropriate penicillin allergy labeling results in suboptimal or excessive broad spectrum antibiotic use. In this multidisciplinary project, the antimicrobial stewardship team safely delabeled 71.4% of hospitalized patients approached. Similar programs may also be able to delabel minimal or low-risk penicillin allergic patients without formal allergy consultation.