This paper consists of two parts. The first contains an outline of the theorems and principal results and the second (§§2-6) gives proofs of the theorems and additional details. The theorems concern properties of Darboux continuous functions and functions having generalized Darboux properties. The corresponding results are shown to have interesting applications to the theory of non-absolutely convergent integrals.

Familiarity with the basic notions of graph theory is assumed. Loops and multiple edges are not permitted. An orientation of an edge e of a graph G is a designation of one of the ends of e as the positive end and the other as the negative end. We say that e is oriented from the positive end to the negative end. If e joins vertex v to vertex w and v is the positive end of e, we write e = (v, w). An orientation of G is a set of orientations, one for each edge of G; a graph with an orientation is called a directed graph.

A von Neumann algebra is called hyperfinite if it is the weak closure of an increasing sequence of finite-dimensional von Neumann subalgebras. For a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space the following is known: there exist hyperfinite and non-hyperfinite factors of type II1 (4, Theorem 16’), and of type III (8, Theorem 1); all hyperfinite factors of type Hi are isomorphic (4, Theorem 14); there exist uncountably many non-isomorphic hyperfinite factors of type III (7, Theorem 4.8); there exist two nonisomorphic non-hyperfinite factors of type II1 (10), and of type III (11). In this paper we will show that on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space there exist three non-isomorphic non-hyperfinite factors of type II1 (Theorem 2), and of type III (Theorem 3).

Section 1 contains an exposition of crossed product, which is developed mainly for the construction of factors of type III in § 3.

Let G be a locally compact group and M(G) the space of finite regular Borel measures on G. If μ and v are in M(G), their convolution is defined by

Thus, if f is a continuous bounded function on G,

μ is central if μ(Ex) = μ(xE) for all x ∈ G and all measurable sets E. μ is idempotent if μ * μ = μ.

The idempotent measures for abelian groups have been classified by Cohen [1]. In this paper we will show that for a certain class of compact groups, containing the unitary groups, the central idempotents can be characterized. The method consists of showing that, in these cases, the central idempotents arise from idempotents on abelian groups and applying Cohen's result.

Let G be a finite p-group, having a faithful character χ of degree f. The object of this paper is to bound the number, d(G), of generators in a minimal generating set for G in terms of χ and in particular in terms of f. This problem was raised by D. M. Goldschmidt, and solved by him in the case that G has nilpotence class 2.

In n-dimensional Euclidean space En, where we shall throughout assume that n ≥ 2, the maximum number of (n — 1)-dimensional spheres which can be mutually orthogonal is n + 2, and it is well known that the sum of the squares of the reciprocals of their radii is zero, so that the spheres cannot be all real. The maximum number of such spheres which can be mutually tangent is also n + 2, and in 1936 Soddy (7) indicated the beautiful relation connecting their radii. These two formulae are the particular cases γ = 0, γ - 1 of Theorem 1 below, which gives the relation connecting the radii of a set of n + 2 such spheres when every pair is inclined at a given non-zero angle 0, where γ is written for cos θ.

A smooth affine surface $X$ defined over the complex field $\mathbb{C}$ is an $\text{M}{{\text{L}}_{0}}$ surface if the Makar–Limanov invariant $\text{ML(}X\text{)}$ is trivial. In this paper we study the topology and geometry of $\text{M}{{\text{L}}_{0}}$ surfaces. Of particular interest is the question: Is every curve $C$ in $X$ which is isomorphic to the affine line a fiber component of an ${{\mathbb{A}}^{1}}$-fibration on $X$? We shall show that the answer is affirmative if the Picard number $\rho (X)\,=\,0$, but negative in case $\rho (X)\,\ge \,1$. We shall also study the ascent and descent of the $\text{M}{{\text{L}}_{0}}$ property under proper maps.

Let G be a finite group and A a Z[G] module.

Definition (1.1). A simply connected CW complex X is of type (A, n) if G operates on X cellularly, and modules.

In a recent paper [5], general methods were described for the dissection of a square into a finite number n of unequal non-overlapping squares. In this note, examples of such perfect squares are given in which the sides and elements are relatively small integers; in particular, a dissection of a square into 24 different elements, which is believed to be the squaring of least order known at the present time.

A recent paper by Goro Azumaya on M-projective and M-injective modules [1] suggests a generalization of the concept of hereditary rings to modules which is also capable of dualization. Section 2 is devoted to preliminaries on M-projective and M-infective modules.

In section 3, we introduce the notion of hereditary and cohereditary modules. An R-module is called hereditary if every R-submodule of it is projective. Cohereditary modules are defined dually.

Let $M\,=\,\text{G}{{\text{L}}_{{{r}_{1}}}}\,\times \,\cdots \,\times \,\text{G}{{\text{L}}_{{{r}_{k}}}}\,\subseteq \,\text{G}{{\text{L}}_{r}}$ be a Levi subgroup of $\text{G}{{\text{L}}_{r}}$, where $r\,=\,{{r}_{1}}+\cdots +{{r}_{k}}$, and $\widetilde{M}$ its metaplectic preimage in the $n$-fold metaplectic cover $\widetilde{\text{G}{{\text{L}}_{r}}}$ of $\text{G}{{\text{L}}_{r}}$. For automorphic representations ${{\pi }_{1}},\ldots ,{{\pi }_{k}}$ of ${{\widetilde{\text{GL}}}_{{{r}_{1}}}}\left( \mathbb{A} \right),\ldots ,{{\widetilde{\text{GL}}}_{{{r}_{k}}}}\left( \mathbb{A} \right)$, we construct (under a certain technical assumption that is always satisfied when $n\,=\,2$) an automorphic representation $\pi $ of $\widetilde{M}\left( \mathbb{A} \right)$ that can be considered as the “tensor product” of the representations ${{\pi }_{1}},\ldots ,{{\pi }_{k}}$. This is the global analogue of the metaplectic tensor product defined by P. Mezo in the sense that locally at each place $v,\,{{\pi }_{v}}$ is equivalent to the local metaplectic tensor product of ${{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}_{1,\,v}},\ldots ,{{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}_{k,\,v}}$ defined by Mezo. Then we show that if all of the ${{\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }}_{i}}$ are cuspidal (resp. square-integrable modulo center), then the metaplectic tensor product is cuspidal (resp. square-integrable modulo center). We also show that (both locally and globally) the metaplectic tensor product behaves in the expected way under the action of a Weyl group element and show the compatibility with parabolic inductions.

Let $M$ and $N$ be admissible Hausdorff topological spaces endowed with admissible families of open coverings. Assume that $\mathcal{S}$ is a semigroup acting on both $M$ and $N$. In this paper we study the behavior of limit sets, prolongations, prolongational limit sets, attracting sets, attractors, and Lyapunov stable sets (all concepts defined for the action of the semigroup $\mathcal{S}$) under equivariant maps and semiconjugations from $M$ to $N$.

Let m, n be nonnegative integers and B(m+n) be a set of m + n + 1 real interpolation points (not necessarily distinct). Let Rm,n = Pm,n/Qm.n be the unique rational function with deg Pm,n ≤ m, deg Qm,n ≤ n, that interpolates ex in the points of B(m+n). If m = mv, n = nv with mv + nv → ∞, and mv / nv → λ as v → ∞, and the sets B(m+n) are uniformly bounded, we show that locally uniformly in the complex plane C, where the normalization Qm,n(0) = 1 has been imposed. Moreover, for any compact set K ⊂ C we obtain sharp estimates for the error |ez — Rm,n(z)| when z ∈ K. These results generalize properties of the classical Padé approximants. Our convergence theorems also apply to best (real) Lp rational approximants to ex on a finite real interval.

The main result of this paper is the following:

THEOREM. Every finitely generated orthomodular lattice L with finitely manymaximal Boolean subalgebras (blocks) is finite.

If L has one block only, our theorem reduces to the well-known fact that every finitely generated Boolean algebra is finite. On the other hand, it is known that a finitely generated orthomodular lattice without any further restrictions can be infinite. In fact, in [2] we constructed an orthomodular lattice which is generated by a three-element set with two comparable elements, has infinitely many blocks and contains an infinite chain.

A function f, analytic in the unit disk, is said to have finite Dirichlet integral if

1

Geometrically, this is equivalent to f mapping the disk onto a Riemann surface of finite area. The class of Dirichlet integrable functions will be denoted by . The condition above can be restated in terms of Taylor coefficients; if f(z) = Σanzn, then if and only if Σn|an|2 < ∞. Thus, is contained in the Hardy class H2.

In particular, every such function has boundary values

almost everywhere and log |f(eiθ)| ∊ L1(dθ).

The zeros zn of a function must satisfy the Blaschke condition

and f(s) = B(z)F(z), where F(z) has no zeros and

is the Blaschke product with zeros zn; see (5).

We solve two problems in representation theory for the periplectic Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{p}\mathfrak{e}(n)$, namely, the description of the primitive spectrum in terms of functorial realisations of the braid group and the decomposition of category ${\mathcal{O}}$ into indecomposable blocks.

To solve the first problem, we establish a new type of equivalence between category ${\mathcal{O}}$ for all (not just simple or basic) classical Lie superalgebras and a category of Harish-Chandra bimodules. The latter bimodules have a left action of the Lie superalgebra but a right action of the underlying Lie algebra. To solve the second problem, we establish a BGG reciprocity result for the periplectic Lie superalgebra.

In [3] Schafer has defined generalized standard rings as rings satisfying the identities

(1)

(2)

(3)

and observed that these identities imply (y,y, (x, z)) = 0 and if the characteristic is not three, (x, y, x2) = 0. Schafer determined the structure of simple, finite-dimensional generalized standard algebras of characteristic not two or three by showing that they must be either commutative, Jordan, or alternative.

Previously one of us [2] had studied accessible rings, which are defined by the identities (x,y,z) + (z,x,y) – (x,z,y) = 0 and ((w,x), y,z) = 0.

We study the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobàs property $\left( \text{BPBp} \right)$ for compact operators. We present some abstract techniques that allow us to carry the $\text{BPBp}$ for compact operators from sequence spaces to function spaces. As main applications, we prove the following results. Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces. If $\left( {{c}_{0}},Y \right)$ has the $\text{BPBp}$ for compact operators, then so do $\left( {{C}_{0}}\left( L \right),Y \right)$ for every locally compact Hausdorff topological space $L$ and $\left( X,\,Y \right)$ whenever ${{X}^{*}}$ is isometrically isomorphic to ${{\ell }_{1}}$. If ${{X}^{*}}$ has the Radon-Nikodým property and $\left( {{\ell }_{1}}\left( X \right),\,Y \right)$ has the $\text{BPBp}$ for compact operators, then so does $\left( {{L}_{1}}\left( \mu ,X \right),\,\,Y \right)$ for every positive measure $\mu $; as a consequence, $\left( {{L}_{1}}\left( \mu ,X \right),\,\,Y \right)$ has the $\text{BPBp}$ for compact operators when $X$ and $Y$ are finite-dimensional or $Y$ is a Hilbert space and $X={{c}_{0}}$ or $X={{L}_{p}}\left( v \right)$ for any positive measure $v$ and $1\,<\,p\,<\,\infty $. For $1\,\le p\,<\,\infty$, if $\left( X,{{l}_{p}}(Y) \right)$ has the $\text{BPBp}$ for compact operators, then so does $\left( X,{{L}_{p}}\left( \mu ,\,Y \right) \right)$ for every positive measure $\mu $ such that ${{L}_{1}}\left( \mu \right)$ is infinite-dimensional. If $\left( X,\,Y \right)$ has the $\text{BPBp}$ for compact operators, then so do $\left( X,\,{{L}_{\infty }}\left( \mu ,\,\,Y \right) \right)$ for every $\sigma $-finite positive measure $\mu $ and $\left( X,\,C\left( K,\,Y \right) \right)$ for every compact Hausdorff topological space $K$.

We shall be concerned at first with some properties of the solutions of the matrix differential equation

1.1

where

is an n × n symmetric matrix whose elements are continuous real-valued functions for 0 < x < ∞, and Y(x) = (yij(x)), Y″(x) = (y″ ij(x)) are n × n matrices. It is clear such equations possess solutions for 0 < x < ∞, since one can reduce them to a first-order system and then apply known existence theorems (6, Chapter 1).