Together with Vern Paulsen we were able to show that the elementary theory of tensor norms of Banach spaces carries over to operator spaces. We suggested that the Grothendieck tensor norm program, which was of course enormously important in the development of Banach space theory, be carried out for operator spaces. Some of this has been done by the authors mentioned above, and by Effros and Ruan. We give alternative developments of some of this work, and otherwise continue the tensor norm program.

In this paper, we develop a new approach to obtain the compactness of the fluctuation processes for Boltzmann dynamics. Our method is applicable to Kac's model, already studied by Uchiyama, but it covers many other cases. A novelty worth mentioning is the use of the weak topology of a Hilbert space.

Let ƒ = (ƒ1,… ,ƒn): (ℝn, 0) → (ℝn, 0) be a real analytic mapping and 0 is isolated in ƒ-1 (0). The aim of this paper is to describe the degree deg0ƒ in terms of parametrizations of irreducible components of the real analytic curve given by the equations ƒ1(x) = ̇̇̇= ƒn-1 (x) = 0 near 0 ∈ ℝn.

For the three types of simply connected Riemannian spaces of constant curvature it is shown that the associated spherical functions can be obtained from the corresponding (zonal) spherical functions by application of a differential operator of the form p(i d/dt), where p belongs to a system of orthogonal polynomials: Gegenbauer polynomials, Hahn polynomials or continuous symmetric Hahn polynomials. We give a group theoretic explanation of this phenomenon and relate the properties of the polynomials p to the properties of the corresponding representation. The method is extended to the case of intertwining functions.

This paper is devoted to settling the following problem on (infinite, partially) ordered sets: Is there always a partition (2-coloring) of an ordered set X so that all nontrivial maximal chains of X meet both classes (receive both colors)? We show this is true for all countable ordered sets and provide counterexamples of cardinality N3. Variants of the problem are also considered and open problems specified.

We compute the loops of units in the integral alternative loop rings of six Moufang loops. Four of these are subloops of the loop of matrices of determinant one in Zorn's vector matrix algebra over a ring of integers while the remaining two are closely related to this interesting algebra. This paper thus serves, in part, to highlight a Moufang analogue of SL(2, Z) which the author suggests is worthy of further study.

Let (X, ν, d) be a homogeneous space and let Ω be a doubling measure on X. We study the characterization of measures μ on X+ = X x R+ such that the inequality , where q < p, holds for the maximal operator Hvf studied by Hörmander. The solution utilizes the concept of the “balayée” of the measure μ.

Infinite sequences of exchangeable binary random variables have strong positive dependence properties; in particular, we show they are strong FKG. If the infinite exchangeable sequence is allowed to have multiple values this is no longer true. Positive dependence conditions such as association still have natural application in this context. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for an infinite exchangeable sequence to be associated. This result shows that exchangeable Polyà urn processes are associated. We also establish necessary and sufficient conditions for finite exchangeable sequences to be weakly associated. The match set distribution of a random permutation has recently been shown to be associated by an extensive analysis of cases. Our result easily yields the weak association of such distributions.

C* -convex sets in matrix algebras are convex sets of matrices in which matrix-valued convex coefficients are admitted along with the usual scalar-valued convex coefficients. A Carathéodory-type theorem is developed for C*-convex hulls of compact sets of matrices, and applications of this theorem are given to the theory of matricial ranges. If T is an element in a unital C*-algebra , then for every n ∈ N, the n x n matricial range Wn(T) of T is a compact C* -convex set of n x n matrices. The basic relation W1(T) = conv σ-(T) is well known to hold if T exhibits the normal-like quality of having the spectral radius of β T + μ 1 coincide with the norm ||β T + μ 1|| for every pair of complex numbers β and μ. An extension of this relation to the matrix spaces is given by Theorem 2.6: Wn (T) is the C*-convex hull of the n x n matricial spectrum σn(T) of T if, for every B,M ∈ ℳn, the norm of T ⊗ B + 1 ⊗ M in ⊗ ℳn is the maximum value in {||∧⊗B + 1 ⊗M|| : Λ ∈ σn (T)}. The spatial matricial range of a Hilbert space operator is the analogue of the classical numerical range, although it can fail to be convex if n > 1. It is shown in § 3 that if T has a normal dilation N with σ (N) ⊂ σ (T), then the closure of the spatial matricial range of T is convex if and only if it is C*-convex.

Let Mn, c denote the free n-generator metabelian nilpotent group of class c. For m ≤ n – 2, every primitive system of m elements of Mn, c can be lifted to a primitive system of m elements of the absolutely free group Fn of rank n. The restriction on m cannot be improved.

Let G′ be a quasi–split reductive group over a local field F, ƒ′ the characteristic function of a maximal compact subgroup K′ of G′, N′ a maximal unipotent subgroup of G′. We consider the orbits of maximal dimension for the action of N′ × N′ on G′ and the weighted orbital integral of f′ on such an orbit, the weight being a generic character. The resulting integral, we call a Kloosterman integral. A relative version of this construction is to consider a symmetric space S associated to a quasi-split group G, a maximal unipotent subgroup N of G, a maximal compact K of G and the orbits of maximal dimension for the action of N on S. The weighted orbital integral of the characteristic function f of K ∩ S on such an orbit is what we call a relative Kloosterman integral; the weight is an appropriate character of N. We conjecture that a relative Kloosterman integral is actually a Kloosterman integral for an appropriate group G′. We prove the conjecture in a simple case: E is an unramified quadratic extension of F,G is GL(3, E), S is the set of 3 × 3 matrices s such that the group G′ is then the quasi-split unitary group in three variables.

Let E′ be the dual of a nuclear Fréchet space E and L*(t) the adjoint operator of a diffusion operator L(t) of infinitely many variables, which has a formal expression:

A weak form of the stochastic differential equation

dX(t) = dW(t) + L*(t)X(t)dt

is introduced and the existence of a unique solution is established. The solution process is a random linear functional (in the sense of I. E. Segal) on a space of generalized functionals on E′. The above is an appropriate model for the central limit theorem for an interacting system of spatially extended neurons. Applications to the latter problem are discussed.

Campbell and Selick have given a natural decomposition of the cohomology of an elementary abelian p-group over the Steenrod algebra. We study the corresponding stable wedge summands of the classifying space B(𝓩/p)n+ using representation theory and explicit idempotents in the group ring 𝓕p[GLn(𝓩/p)].

The sequence of spaces of Maddox, c0(p), c(p)and l∞(p), are investigated. Here, p — (pk) is a bounded sequence of strictly positive numbers. It is observed that C0(P) is an echelon space of order 0 and that l∞(p) is a co-echelon space of order ∞, while clearly c(p) = c0(p) ⊗ 〈 (1,1,1,…) 〉. This sheds a new light on the topological and sequence space structure of these spaces: Based on the highly developed theory of (co-) echelon spaces all known and various new structural properties are derived.

Let (E, T) be a Hausdorff topological vector space whose topological dual separates points of E, X be a non-empty weakly compact convex subset of E and W be the relative weak topology on X. If F: (X, W) → 2(E,T) is continuous (respectively, upper semi-continuous if £ is locally convex), approximation and fixed point theorems are obtained which generalize the corresponding results of Fan, Park, Reich and Sehgal-Singh-Smithson (respectively, Ha, Reich, Park, Browder and Fan) in several aspects.

Let k be a local field, with char(k) ≠ 2. A quadratic space V over k is a finite dimensional vector space together with a non-degenerate quadratic form Q: V → k.The special orthogonal group SO(V) consists of all linear maps T: V → V which satisfy:

Q(Tv) = Q(v) for all ν and det T = 1.

We give a relation between the homology groups H1() and H1 (M) for a branched cyclic cover → M of arbitrary closed, oriented 3-manifolds which generalizes a classical result of Plans on covers of S3 branched over a knot and provides other quantitative information as well. We include a general "free calculus" procedure for computing homology groups of branched covers and reinterpret the results in this computational setting.

We give a characterization of univalent positively oriented harmonic mappings ƒ defined on an exterior neighbourhood of the closed unit disk { z: | z| ≤1} such that .

We consider the number of spaces, up to rational homotopy equivalence, which have rational cohomology algebra isomorphic to that of stunted complex projective space . Using a classification theory due to Schlessinger and Stasheff, we determine the number of rational homotopy types with rational comology algebra isomorphic to , for any given n and k. The necessary computations make use of a spectral sequence introduced by the second named author.

In this paper we consider various degree two central polynomials with derivation, holding for Lie ideals in prime rings. The results give substantial generalizations of the existing ones on central and semi-centralizing derivations, and show essentially that there are no central identities of the form p(x,y) = c1xyD + C2XDy + c3yxD + C4yDx, where D is a nonzero derivation of the prime ring R.