The study of child-parent relationships in families raising children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the assessment of the dynamics of development of a child with ASD are necessary to provide timely psychological personalized assistance to such families.

To study child-parent relations based on the mother’s behavior in an experimental play settings, in families raising children with ASD.

The child-parent relationship was being analyzed through the flannel graph that the child had previously created with fairy tale characters. This evaluation assessed child’s independence level, parent and child engagement levels. The following surveys were used to support these theses: “The interaction of the parents and the child” (IPC) and “Child Rejection Scale” (CRS). The survey sample size included 104 mothers and their children, half were with ASD (average age 7.1), and half were typically developed children (average age 7).

Typically developing children mastered the flannel graph exercise assessment independently; 30% children with ASD did not complete the exercise due to the severity of the disease. Subsequently, among the mothers whose children have ASD 26% refused to participate and the facilitator helped them instead. Statistically significant differences were found on the IPC scales – satisfaction with family relationships; emotional proximity; disciplinary confrontation in the family. CRS identified 13% of mothers of children with ASD with pronounced rejection of children.

The study of child-parent relationships using flannel graph assessment can be helpful in a comprehensive research of ASD and in programming a psychocorrectional work with children, using the child’s proximal development.

The Watersports Inclusion Games is an annual event organised by Irish Sailing and partners that provides an opportunity for individuals of all abilities across the physical, sensory, intellectual and learning spectrums and those experiencing barriers accessing mainstream sport to partake in a range of watersports. 79 volunteers from the 2019 cohort responded to a pilot survey to assess the benefits for volunteers at the event.

This project aims to assess this data in the context of current knowledge about the benefits for volunteers in inclusive sport.

Literature review used the PEO keyword framework in medical and psychological databases, as well as grey literature. Data was collected using SurveyMonkey, quantitative data was analysed using Survey Monkey and SPSS, and qualitative themes were analysed using SurveyMonkey and Excel.

Only one article exploring the benefits for volunteers in inclusive watersports was identified during literature review. This pilot survey analysis is the first on this topic in Ireland, and the largest sample of volunteers in inclusive watersport that we are aware of internationally. Thematic analysis finds that volunteers at this event are primarily motivated by altruistic motives, while the benefits they perceive include both personal enjoyment and growth, and seeing the enjoyment of other participants.

This project demonstrates that inclusive watersports can have many benefits for volunteers. The findings of this study can contribute to the evidence base on the benefits of inclusive sport for all those involved, while also identifying an opportunity for further study on volunteerism in inclusive sport, particularly adaptive watersports.

Ms O’Flynn reports a scholarship from the Health Research Board for this project, Dr Barrett has nothing to disclose, Ms Murphy reports to be the Inclusion Games Office, and thus responsible for the organisation of the Watersports Inclusion Games.

In DRC, the North Kivu province has been plagued by recurring humanitarian crises for nearly two decades, with multiple displacements of populations triggered low intensity armed inter-communal conflicts spread throughout nearly all territories. 818,605 people (displaced, returnees and indigenous) affected by these movements are in alarming psychosocial vulnerability.

In 2019, the NGO Action contre la Faim started a psychological intervention with the objective to contribute to reducing the vulnerability of conflict-affected populations.

Participants have been identified through psychoeducation sessions in the community in which people recognizing corresponding symptoms in themselves were evaluated through a short one-on-one interview. Persons identified as particularly in distress, including those who have experienced gender-based violence, have been involved in a short group therapeutic intervention. Two different options have been proposed in order to evaluate the most effective for the specific context: six sessions with a weekly or bi-weekly frequency.

767 people participated in the psychosocial intervention, 457 with weekly frequency and 310 bi-weekly. The measures of post traumatic symptoms (PCL-5), anxiety and depression (HAD) and resilience (CD-RISC) show that the two approaches have the same positive effects. This is very important in volatile contexts with difficulties of access to the population due to security problems.

The fact that even a short intervention focused on a bi-weekly frequency, can reduce the distress and increase the psychological resilience of populations living in contexts of conflict, gives us the possibility of intervening in areas with limited access, while guaranteeing therapeutic efficacy.

The purpose of art in art-therfic version of the “Regu the already acquired knowledge upon the artistic material, but a discovery of the yet unknown. “Multimedia technology, which has evolved into meaningful visual representations, incorporates the science behind human perception and knowledge…Contemporary visual arts bring together, in different degrees of relationship and fusion, fields of art that until now were understood and practiced more individually. The most suitable territory for this partnership is that of the physical and metaphysical environment, provided by the installationist and shareholder arts.” [1].

Art-based therapies, as nondirective methods, attempt to visualize past traumatic experiences and harmonize the individual with himself and with others.

In the preventive activities we include all activities involving nonverbal communication and holistic engagement. ”Beneficiaries can create their own images with which they want to interact, to arrange their environment…We experiment with art-specific ways to make interdisciplinary exchanges and cultural interferences using the universal language of visual arts along with intercultural elements and religious ecumenism … Sometimes, common themes with schools and higher education are addressed as an extra-curricular complement. Benefits are multiple, diverse and complex, appear on the paths that offer inter/pluri/transcultural learning opportunities and exchange of knowledge, making space and time connections between different cultures. [2]

The creative process and the interaction increases self esteem, courage, taking of risks, the learning of new skills.

New ideas, conceptions and ways of expression emerge, enriching the patient’s life according with the therapeutic purposes. [3].

REFERENCES [1]. Drăgan-Chirilă, Diana.(24-26.05 2018), Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Art and Design, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, visual artist, Coordinator of the multimedia installation “Diagnostique” new media and

In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, healthcare workers experienced significant distress. At the same time, concern for the safety and well-being of employees remained important priorities to ensure the quality of care for children with mental illness.

To study the specifics of the experience of the Covid-19 pandemic among employees of a children’s psychiatric clinic, highlight the existing among them attitudes about the pandemic and form administrative decisions to improve the quality of care for children.

380 employees voluntarily took part in the study (group 1 (G1): 115 people who worked directly with Covid-19 and group 2 (G2): 265 people without this experience) from 05/18/2020 to 05/20/2020. The author’s questionnaire included the following blocks: 1) attitude towards patients and colleagues; 2) emotional experiences; 3) ways of coping; 4) social support; 4) finance.

The main motive when deciding to work with Covid-19 was the motive of professional duty (25.4% of participants). There are a number of significant differences between group 1 and group 2: participants in G1 are characterized by denial of special experiences associated with Covid-19, seeking help from colleagues in difficult working conditions, reliance on family members and a positive vision of administrative decisions significantly more than participants G2. Relatives of G1 participants are less concerned about their future and health.

The personnel decisions made on the basis of the research allowed the clinic’s team to provide quality care to children and families throughout the pandemic.

Parents of hospitalized children with chronic illness (HCCI) during the COVID-19 epidemic may face huge pressure and worry, leading to mental health issues. Parent’s depression and anxiety disorders increase the risk of mental health problems in the child and affect his/her recovery.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence rate of depressive and anxiety symptoms among a pilot sample of parents of HCCI (in- and out-patients) with diagnosis of epilepsy (9), cystic fibrosis (8) and congenital heart anomalies (6) during COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatric patients were under a regular Children Hospital medical and psychological follow-up program.

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 23 Italian parents (15 F; 8 M) of HCCI during the COVID-19 epidemic period. We performed face-to face interviews and assessed depressive and anxiety symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7) questionnaire during scheduled follow up visits.

The anxiety score of parents of HCCI was 4.43 ± 3.17, of which 39.1% of parents were anxious (≥5 points), while the depression score was 4.04 ± 2.67, of which 30.4% of parents show depressive symptoms (≥5 points). The prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was 26.1% among the entire sample.

Preliminary data of our pilot study showed a high prevalence of anxious depressive symptoms and comorbidity among parents of HCCI. Timely provision of psychologic interventions are needed during and after COVID-19 pandemic in order to empower parenting and promote children recovery and quality of life.

No significant relationships.

The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has shown to be useful in the treatment of PTSD, general anxiety, stress and burnout. Nonetheless, assessing therapy progress has been limited to subjective appreciations of the patient and therapist, which compromise therapy efficacy, and the continuum of care (clinic and at home) and scalability that digitized approaches can offer.

The aim of the present study was to validate the potential of a smartphone-based biofeedback digitized approach for EMDR usage in burnout therapy, as a means to provide quantitative progress assessment and personalized therapy optimization.

A digitized burnout status assessment app based on Maslach Burnout Inventory was first implemented and tested. Then, an EMDR app was developed by making use of adjustable audiovisual stimuli (e.g. different velocity and horizontal/vertical visual stimuli; and different pitch and left-right surround sound effects) and also of the smartphone’s camera photoplethysmography finger recordings from which heart rate, heart rate variability and breathing rate are derived and used for modulating stimuli (biofeedback). Finally, interviews with several EMDR experts were conducted to assess the potential of the app as a therapeutic adjuvant.

The preliminary interview results showed that the app can be useful for online therapy, to optimize the stimuli presentation, and to quantify the therapy experience and outcomes. The interviews also validated the technical specifications and usability of the tool.

Results so far have shown a promising receptivity and interest from EMDR experts. As such, patient testing is currently on-going.

The work of the present abstract is the basis of the research conducted at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, co-lead with NEVARO, a spin-off company of the same Faculty.

Prenatal maternal stress is an important phenomenon. Evidence on this topic suggests that women who experience high stress during pregnancy are more likely to deliver preterm infants.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of Yoga exercises training on stress reduction during pregnancy.

In the current study we included 20 women who participated in the Yoga exercises training during pregnancy. The control group included 20 women who were in the reading control condition during pregnancy. Women were eligible to participate if they were experiencing elevated levels of perceived stress or pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA), as indicated by responses to the Perceived Stress Scale and the PSA scale on a screening questionnaire. Women enrolled between 12 and 26 weeks gestation were randomly assigned to either the Yoga exercises training or to the reading control condition. Effects of training were analyzed by means of an ANOVA with repeated measurements.

ANOVA has revealed (p<.05) that women in the Yoga exercises training experienced larger decreases from pre- to postintervention in pregnancy-specific anxiety and pregnancy-related anxiety than participants in the reading control condition.

This pilot study suggests that Yoga exercises training during pregnancy can effectively reduce pregnancy-related anxiety. However, it is necessary to do further research on the impact of Yoga exercises on stress reduction during pregnancy.

Relapse prevention is a key objetive for patients with a First Episode Psychosis (FEP) and the low adherence to antipsychotic (AP) treatment is the main reason for relapse after a FEP.

There are no clear recommendations about the early use of long-acting injectables (LAIs) in FEP. We review the impact on hospitalization rates of the early use (earlier than 1 year after the inclusion in our Early Intervention Service “Lehenak”) of LAI paliperidone in a FEP sample.

We evaluated in a naturalistic study a sample (N=384) of patients with a FEP. We carried out a mirror-design study to compare the numer of hospitalizations before and after the introduction of LAI paliperidone (1 and 3 monthly) in early users (<1 year) vs late users (>1 year).

A total of 384 FEP patients with LAI paliperidone were assessed.

There was no difference between the early and late introduction of LAI Paliperidone in the number of hospitalizations after treatament. There was a trend to present more previous hospitalizations and days in hospital in late users. This could support an earlier use of paliperidone LAI to prevent an excess of hospitalizations due to late introduction.

The presenting author has received honouraria for lectures or advisory boards from Janssen, Otsuka, Lundbeck and Angelini in the last five years.

Paranoia querulans is a type of persistent delusional disorder of the persecutory subtype, recognized under ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Being a classically described entity, evidence is lacking from its conceptualization as a nosological entity to diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, controversy still exists regarding its interplay between the judicial and mental health systems.

To summarize current evidence and knowledge regarding Paranoia querulans on its conceptualization, ethiopathological explanations, therapeutical management and interface between psychiatry and the law.

A systematic review was undertaken between June and October 2020 in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases according to PRISMA directive. Key-terms: ((querul* OR vexatious) AND (paranoia OR delusio* OR neuros* OR behavi* OR complai*) OR litig*) AND psychiatry. No language or time restrictions were established.

A total of 1648 studies were initially identified (PubMed: 679; WOS: 945; Scopus: 24; other: 0); after duplicates were removed, n=1381 studies remained. After screening title and abstract, 56 studies were included. Their main content was categorized into: 1. Conceptualization (n=26): Neurosis (n=5), psychosis (n=9), behavioral disorder (n=5); no psychiatric diagnosis (n=7). 2. Descriptive psychopathology (n=8) 3. Etiopathogenesis (n=9): Social or personality basis (n=3), culture (n=4), trauma (n=1), cognitive decline (n=1) 4. Management (n=1) 5. Psychiatry and Law: same object, different objectives (n=12)

There is controversy regarding the nosological entity of querulousness, from psychosis to neurosis or behavioral disorders. Some authors consider this behavior to not be a psychiatric diagnosis. Furthermore, most papers dealt with a social or nurture-based origin. There is a dearth of information regarding treatment.

JPE has received CME-related fees from Lundbeck.

Modern Russian health psychology does not have the necessary tools for studying health anxiety in children, and therefore it is necessary to identify methods aimed at assessing the presence/absence and severity of children’s health anxiety.

To validate the “Short Health Anxiety Inventory” to a sample of school-age children who do not have serious physical disabilities.

The sample: 193 respondents (average age-12.5; 117-girls). We used: “Short Health Anxiety Inventory” (SHAI; Salkovskis et al., 2002), Children CPQ (Factor C), “Attitude toward Health” questionnaire (Berezovskaya, 2005) (emotional scale), STAI (Spielberger, 2002), EPI (Eysenck, 1963) (neuroticism scale).

Correlation analysis suggests that “health anxiety” is a separate construct. The discriminativeness criterion shows that each individual statement, as well as the whole inventory, is aimed at measuring the same construct. The retest reliability assessment (4 weeks later) shows the results: the “Health Anxiety” scale - 0.892 (p≤0.01), the “Alertness to bodily sensations” scale - 0.889 (p≤0.01), the “Fear of negative consequences” scale - 0.815 (p≤0.01). Correlations between the scales shows the values: 0.943 (p≤0.01) - for the general scale, 0.392 (p≤0.01) - for the “Alertness to bodily sensations” scale, 0.675 (p≤0.01) - for the “Fear of negative consequences” scale. The original three-component structure of the questionnaire is confirmed. The Russian version of the inventory showed internal consistency (alfa-Cronbach’s coefficient - 0.835), retest reliability, discriminativeness, external and constructive validity.

The results indicate that the SHAI can be used to study health anxiety in children due to its psychometric characteristics, simplicity and ease of use.

Procrastination is a common phenomenon among students, defined by the tendency to delay tasks. Procrastination can have a negative impact not only on academic achievement but also on other areas of life.

To assess students’ level of procrastination and associated psychological factors

We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in students from three different universities: a medical school, a law school and an engineering school. Socio-demographic, clinical and academic data were collected. Procrastination was assessed using the Pure Procrastination Scale. We further administered the Short Version of the impulsive behaviour scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Perfectionism scale, and the one item Self-esteem Scale.

Our sample consisted of 1019 students. The mean age was 22 ± 2.25 years, 62% were females and almost 70% were single. The mean level of procrastination was 35 ± 10.42. Procrastination was positively correlated with impulsivity (r= 0.37 p=0.00) and perfectionism (r= 1.32 p= 0.00) and negatively correlated with life satisfaction (r= -0.22 p = 0.00) and self-esteem (r= - 0.12 p= 0.00).

The level of procrastination was relatively high in our study population. As described in the literature, impulsiveness and perfectionism were closely and positively related to procrastination, whereas higher procrastination scores were linked to lower quality of life and self-esteem. Our findings underline the need for counselling services with a focus on procrastination for university students.

No significant relationships.

Paraphrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by an insidious development of a vivid and exuberant delusional system, accompanied by hallucinations and confabulations, without a personality deterioration. It is considered to be an intermediate entity between the disorganization of schizophrenia and the systematization of a delusional disorder.

Develop knowledge about paraphrenia as an individualized diagnostic entity and its historical path through the classical authors’ texts.

Extensive research on the historical path of the paraphrenia diagnostic entity was carried out, as well as the current situation of the term.

In the German psychiatry it was Karl Kahlbaum who first introduced the term of paraphrenia. Later many authors of the German psychiatry delved into this diagnostic entity. Emil Kraepelin described four different subtypes of paraphrenia: paraphrenia systematica, expansiva, confabulans and phantastica. However, other authors such as Kleist or Bleuler, considered paraphrenia should not be judge as an individualized diagnostic entity as it should be considered inside schizophrenia, so the term disappeared in the German psychiatry. In the French psychiatry, unlike the German, the independence of chronic psychosis from schizophrenias was recognized, so the term had a longer path. Henry Ey recognized four important clinical features in this disorder: paralogical thought dominance, megalomania, confabulation and integrity of relation with reality.

Currently the term paraphrenia is no longer considered an individualized diagnostic entity. In fact, in today’s textbooks of psychiatry paraphrenia is considered a psychotic disorder that has nothing in common with the one described by the classical authors, and it is part of the late-onset psychosis.

Psychosis itself may be associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Moreover, antipscyhotic treatment increases this risk. Recently D’Urso et al. reported aripiprazole-induced atrial fibrillation in a patient with concomitant risk factors.

To the best of author’s knowledge no data has been published about the safety and the efficacy of lurasidone treatment in psychotic patient with comorbid atrial fibrillation.

A 68 years old patient with persistent atrial fibrillation and hypertension in treatment with amiodarone 100 mg/day, lurasidone 25 mg/day, rivaroxaban 15 mg/day, clopidogrel 75 mg/day, bisoprolol 1,25 mg/day, tamsulosin 0,4 mg/day presented delusional ideas of jealousy for not real betrayal by his wife, social withdrawal, reduced sleep. Blood pressure 130/80 mmHg, heart rate 70 bpm, Qtc 420 msec. The patient was drug-naïve for any psychotropic treatment. The authors decided to start lurasidone treatment at the dosage of 18,5 mg/day.

After the first administration of lurasidone treatment sleep was resolved. After two weeks delusional ideas and social withdrawal were markedly improved. After one month of treatment, blood pressure, heart rate and Qtc remained almost stable. The authors decided not to increase the dosage of lurasidone because of the age of the patient and the comorbid cardiovascular pathologies.

Lurasidone has showed safety and efficacy in the treatment of this patient with delusional disorder and comorbid atrial fibrillation. This is a preliminary data that requires follow up and further studies to confirm the usefulness of lurasidone in psychotic patients with atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular risks.

No significant relationships.

A relationship was found between the use of breast milk and infant formula milk and a decrease in the incidence and number of clinical complications caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

To assess the efficacy and safety of breast milk and infant formula milk in terms of reducing of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the level of morbidity, the severity of damage to brain structures, the time before switching to full-fledged enteral nutrition and the frequency of detecting feeding intolerance in premature infants.

Prospective observation of the development of 254 premature babies were treated up to six months of corrected age at the Department of Neurology of Early Growth in 2016-2018. The effect of breast milk and formula milk on neurological status was compared.

In comparison, breast milk and formula milk didn’t show any effect on the frequency of severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (p <0,05), the severity of brain damage(р <0,01). Breast milk showed a statistically significant effect in terms of reducing the average number before switching to full enteral nutrition (p <0,01).

Breast milk and formula milk does not affect the frequency of development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the severity of brain damage. Breast milk significantly reduces the frequency of feeding intolerance, accelerates the transition to enteral nutrition, reduces the duration of hospitalization in premature infants.

No significant relationships.

Prevention and treatment of aggression in psychiatric hospitals is achieved through appropriate medical treatment, professional skills, and optimized physical environment and architecture. Coercive measures are used as a last resort. In 2018 Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry moved from 19th-century asylum buildings to a newly built modern psychiatric hospital. Advances within psychiatric care have rendered the old psychiatric asylum hospitals inadequate for modern treatment of mental disorders.

To examine if relocating from a psychiatric hospital, dating from 19th century to a new, modern psychiatric hospital decreased the use of coercive measures.

This is a retrospective longitudinal study, with a follow-up from 2017 to 2019. We use two designs; 1) a pre-post analysis of the use of coercive measures at Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry before and after the relocation and 2) a case-control analysis of Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry and the other psychiatric hospitals in the Central Region. Data will be analyzed in STATA using an interrupted time-series analysis or similar method. Additionally case-mix and sensitivity analysis will be performed.

Preliminary results show a 45% decrease in the total number of coercive measures and a 52% decrease in the use of mechanical restraint. The reduction that may reasonably be attributed to the relocation is still to be determined and will be presented at the congress.

The study may illuminate how future development and planning of psychiatric facilities might improve psychiatric treatment and increase the understanding of how structural changes might contribute the prevention of the use of coercive measures.

No significant relationships.

Psoriasis is a common psychophysiological chronic skin disease with an important impact on patient’s quality of life. The prevalence of psychiatric conditions in psoriasis may range from 24% to 90%. The mechanisms that may explain this relationship still remain debatable.

The purpose of this work was to report two cases of psychiatric comorbidities associated with psoriasis and to discuss the possible etiopathogenic mechanisms behind this connection.

To report two cases of psychiatric comorbidities associated with psoriasis.

Case1 Mr. A.K. is a 30-year-old male patient. He was admitted to our department in February 2020 for acute mania with psychotics features.the patient reported that since 2010, he was treated for psoriasis with local treatment (cortisone cream). The lesions did not grow or expand. Case2 Mr.A.B.is a 27-year-old male patient, with past history of psoriasis under local treatment. He is treated since 2019 in our department for schizophrenia.

High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in psoriasis may in part explain the associated psychiatric disorders. The psychodermatologic approach would be beneficial for the adequate management of patients suffering from psoriasis.

No significant relationships.

There is a lack of knowledge on utilized pharmacotherapies for treatment resistant depression (TRD).

To investigate the courses of treatment of TRD.

All patients aged 16-65 years and diagnosed with depression in Finland during 2004-2016 were included (identified from nationwide registers for inpatient and specialized outpatient care, sick leaves and disability pensions). New antidepressant users were identified with six-month washout period and followed up for two years to observe the possible emergence of TRD, which was defined as initiation of a third treatment after having two failed pharmacological treatments with adequate duration. Pharmacological treatments were analyzed using PRE2DUP-method.

During follow-up, 177,144 persons had their first registered depression (mean age:39.5, 62.5% women). Of them, 10.9% (N=19,322) met TRD criteria. Among the TRD patients, most common first and second lines antidepressants were as follows: SSRIs (44.6%), mirtazapine (19.0%) and SNRIs (16.5%). As the third line of treatment, 44.2% of TRD patients had antidepressant monotherapy, 32.1% a combination of ≥2 antidepressants, 15.8% antipsychotic or mood stabilizer augmentation and an antidepressant, 4.9% both combination of antidepressants and an augmentation with a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic, 2.7% antipsychotic or mood stabilizer monotherapy and 0.3% ECT monotherapy. Of TRD patients, 36.2% (N=6985) progressed to the fourth line of treatment and most common treatments were antidepressant monotherapy (37.5%), antidepressant combinations (30.8%) and augmentation (20.3%).

Although antidepressant combination and augmentation strategies became more frequent, antidepressant monotherapies were still the most common third and fourth lines of depression treatment.

The study was funded by Janssen and SR is an employee of Janssen.

The planning impairment is one of the basic aspect of cognitive dysfunction, but its mechanisms in schizophrenia remain unclear.

To assess the links between planning and cognitive functioning in schizophrenic patients and in norm.

50 patients with schizophrenia (age 34.92±8.54; illness duration 8.34±5.87) and 50 healthy volunteers (age 32.42±7.26) were examined. Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Benton’s test for short-term memory assessment; sub-test Similarity (from WAIS) to assess abstract thinking were used.

Patients showed significantly worse results in all parameters (Tab.1). Table 1: Differences of planning between groups.

In healthy subjects, significant relationship was found between planning and abstract thinking, and there was no relationship between planning and short-term memory (Tab.2). Table 2: Correlations in the Norm group

In patients with schizophrenia, the opposite picture was observed (Tab.3). Table 3: Correlations in the Schizophrenia group.

The effectiveness of planning in patients was significantly associated with short-term memory, but not with abstract thinking.

Study results indicate a possible role of basic aspects of mental activity such as short-term memory in planning impairment in patients with schizophrenia. Problem solving and reasoning disorders represent two relatively independent forms of thought disorders in schizophrenia.

On March, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. Social isolation, unemployment and financial difficulties can have an impact on mental health and trigger the use of alcohol as a form of coping. Since the beginning of this pandemic, the WHO had warned the general public of the potential risks of increased alcohol consumption, which might result in a higher incidence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in future.

The aim is to do a review of the literature of alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Non-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the last 7 months; by searching the Pubmed databases, the following MeSH terms were used: COVID-19; alcohol consumption.

A recent article in The Lancet suggested that mental health and alcohol use during the pandemic, a major public health concern, are worthy of attention. Market research showed that alcohol sales increased in several countries compared to the same time last year. However, with the closure of several drinking places, sales are not in themselves reliable enough estimates of alcohol consumption. On the other hand, economic crises can lead to a reduction in alcohol consumption, due to financial problems or the risk of unemployment.

The present global circumstance is unique, and there is a need for further research on the relationship between alcohol consumption and COVID-19 to understand its long-term effects and develop specific prevention programs for this population.