No CrossRef data available.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 December 2013
We argue that maximising utility does not promote survival. Hence, there is no reason to expect people to modulate effort according to a task's opportunity costs. There is also no reason why our evaluation of the marginal opportunity costs of tasks should predictably rise with repetition. Thus, the opportunity cost model cannot explain why tasks typically become harder over time.
Target article
An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance
Related commentaries (30)
An addition to Kurzban et al.'s model: Thoroughness of cost-benefit analyses depends on the executive tasks at hand
An expanded perspective on the role of effort phenomenology in motivation and performance
An interoceptive neuroanatomical perspective on feelings, energy, and effort
Beyond dopamine: The noradrenergic system and mental effort
Beyond simple utility in predicting self-control fatigue: A proximate alternative to the opportunity cost model
Can tasks be inherently boring?
Competing goals draw attention to effort, which then enters cost-benefit computations as input
Depletable resources: Necessary, in need of fair treatment, and multi-functional
Difficulty matters: Unspecific attentional demands as a major determinant of performance highlighted by clinical studies
Effort aversiveness may be functional, but does it reflect opportunity cost?
Effort processes in achieving performance outcomes: Interrelations among and roles of core constructs
Formal models of “resource depletion”
Give me strength or give me a reason: Self-control, religion, and the currency of reputation
Is ego depletion too incredible? Evidence for the overestimation of the depletion effect
Local resource depletion hypothesis as a mechanism for action selection in the brain
Maximising utility does not promote survival
Mental effort and fatigue as consequences of monotony
Monotonous tasks require self-control because they interfere with endogenous reward
On treating effort as a dynamically varying cost input
Opportunity cost calculations only determine justified effort – Or, What happened to the resource conservation principle?
Opportunity prioritization, biofunctional simultaneity, and psychological mutual exclusion
Persistence: What does research on self-regulation and delay of gratification have to say?
Persisting through subjective effort: A key role for the anterior cingulate cortex?
Subjective effort derives from a neurological monitor of performance costs and physiological resources
The costs of giving up: Action versus inaction asymmetries in regret
The economics of cognitive effort
The intrinsic cost of cognitive control
The opportunity cost model: Automaticity, individual differences, and self-control resources
Theories of anterior cingulate cortex function: Opportunity cost
Willpower is not synonymous with “executive function”
Author response
Cost-benefit models as the next, best option for understanding subjective effort