Inspired by a remarkable work of Félix, Halperin, and Thomas on the asymptotic estimation of the ranks of rational homotopy groups, and more recent works of Wu and the authors on local hyperbolicity, we prove two asymptotic formulae for torsion rank of homotopy groups, one using ordinary homology and one using K-theory. We use these to obtain explicit quantitative asymptotic lower bounds on the torsion rank of the homotopy groups for many interesting spaces after suspension, including Moore spaces, Eilenberg–MacLane spaces, complex projective spaces, complex Grassmannians, Milnor hypersurfaces, and unitary groups.

For a $C^{1+\alpha }$ diffeomorphism f of a compact smooth manifold, we give a necessary and sufficient condition that guarantees that if the set of hyperbolic Lyapunov–Perron regular points has positive volume, then f preserves a smooth measure. We use recent results on symbolic coding of $\chi $ -non-uniformly hyperbolic sets and results concerning the existence of SRB measures for them.

We prove that uniform hyperbolicity is invariant under topological conjugacy for dissipative polynomial automorphisms of $\mathbb {C}^2$ . Along the way we also show that a sufficient condition for hyperbolicity is that local stable and unstable manifolds of saddle points have uniform geometry.

We prove that, up to topological conjugacy, every Smale space admits an Ahlfors regular Bowen measure. Bowen’s construction of Markov partitions implies that Smale spaces are factors of topological Markov chains. The latter are equipped with Parry’s measure, which is Ahlfors regular. By extending Bowen’s construction, we create a tool for transferring the Ahlfors regularity of the Parry measure down to the Bowen measure of the Smale space. An essential part of our method uses a refined notion of approximation graphs over compact metric spaces. Moreover, we obtain new estimates for the Hausdorff, box-counting and Assouad dimensions of a large class of Smale spaces.

We construct a family of fibred threefolds $X_m \to (S , \Delta )$ such that $X_m$ has no étale cover that dominates a variety of general type but it dominates the orbifold $(S,\Delta )$ of general type. Following Campana, the threefolds $X_m$ are called weakly special but not special. The Weak Specialness Conjecture predicts that a weakly special variety defined over a number field has a potentially dense set of rational points. We prove that if m is big enough, the threefolds $X_m$ present behaviours that contradict the function field and analytic analogue of the Weak Specialness Conjecture. We prove our results by adapting the recent method of Ru and Vojta. We also formulate some generalisations of known conjectures on exceptional loci that fit into Campana’s program and prove some cases over function fields.

A well-known result in the area of dynamical systems asserts that any invertible hyperbolic operator on any Banach space is structurally stable. This result was originally obtained by Hartman in 1960 for operators on finite-dimensional spaces. The general case was independently obtained by Palis and Pugh around 1968. We will exhibit a class of examples of structurally stable operators that are not hyperbolic, thereby showing that the converse of the above-mentioned result is false in general. We will also prove that an invertible operator on a Banach space is hyperbolic if and only if it is expansive and has the shadowing property. Moreover, we will show that if a structurally stable operator is expansive, then it must be uniformly expansive. Finally, we will characterize the weighted shifts on the spaces $c_{0}(\mathbb{Z})$ and $\ell _{p}(\mathbb{Z})$ ($1\leq p<\infty$) that satisfy the shadowing property.

We make a few observations on the absence of geometric and topological rigidity for acylindrically hyperbolic and relatively hyperbolic groups. In particular, we demonstrate the lack of a well-defined limit set for acylindrical actions on hyperbolic spaces, even under the assumption of universality. We also prove a statement about relatively hyperbolic groups inspired by a remark by Groves, Manning, and Sisto about the quasi-isometry type of combinatorial cusps. Finally, we summarize these results in a table in order to assert a meta-statement about the decay of metric rigidity as the conditions on actions on hyperbolic spaces are loosened.

Moment models are often used for the solution of kinetic equations such as the Boltzmann equation. Unfortunately, standard models like Grad's equations are not hyperbolic and can lead to nonphysical solutions. Newly derived moment models like the Hyperbolic Moment Equations and the Quadrature-Based Moment Equations yield globally hyperbolic equations but are given in partially conservative form that cannot be written as a conservative system.

In this paper we investigate the applicability of different dedicated numerical schemes to solve the partially conservative model equations. Caused by the non-conservative type of equation we obtain differences in the numerical solutions, but due to the structure of the moment systems we show that these effects are very small for standard simulation cases. After successful identification of useful numerical settings we show a convergence study for a shock tube problem and compare the results to a discrete velocity solution. The results are in good agreement with the reference solution and we see convergence considering an increasing number of moments.

We present a well-posed and discretely stable perfectly matched layer for the anisotropic (and isotropic) elastic wave equations without first re-writing the governing equations as a first order system. The new model is derived by the complex coordinate stretching technique. Using standard perturbation methods we show that complex frequency shift together with a chosen real scaling factor ensures the decay of eigen-modes for all relevant frequencies. To buttress the stability properties and the robustness of the proposed model, numerical experiments are presented for anisotropic elastic wave equations. The model is approximated with a stable node-centered finite difference scheme that is second order accurate both in time and space.

In this paper we proposed a modified Baer-Nunziato model for compressible multi-fluid flows, with main attention on the energy exchange between the two fluids. The proposed model consists of eleven PDEs; however, the use of the particular phase evolving variables may reduce the model to have only six PDEs. The main advantage of the model is that the Abgrall's UPV criterion on mixture velocity and pressure is satisfied without affecting either its hyperbolicity or its conservations of the two individual masses, momentum or total energy. An Lax-Friedrichs scheme is built for a particular case of the proposedmodel. When the two fluids in the fluid mixture are both of the linear Mie-Gruneisen type, the scheme satisfies the Abgrall's UPV criterion on mixture velocity and pressure. Numerical experiments with polytropic, barotropic, stiffened and van der Waals fluids show that the scheme is efficient and able to treat fluids characterized with quite different thermodynamics.

In this work we describe an efficient model for the simulation of atwo-phase flow made of a gas and a granular solid. The starting point is the two-velocitytwo-pressure model of Baer and Nunziato [Int. J. Multiph. Flow16 (1986) 861–889]. The model is supplemented bya relaxation source term in orderto take into account the pressure equilibrium between the two phases andthe granular stress in the solid phase. We show that the relaxationprocess can be made thermodynamically coherent with an adequate choice of the granular stress. We then propose a numerical scheme based on a splitting approach. Each step of the time marchingalgorithm is made of two stages. In the first stage, the homogeneous convection equations are solved by a standard finite volume Rusanov scheme. In the second stage, the volume fractionis updated in order to take into account the equilibrium source term.The whole procedure is entropy dissipative.For simplified pressure laws (stiffened gas laws) we are able to prove that the approximated volumefraction stays within its natural bounds.

An operator A on a complex, separable, infinite-dimensional Hilbert space H is hypercyclic if there is a vector x∈H such that the orbit {x,Ax,A2x,…} is dense in H. Using the character of the analytic core and quasinilpotent part of an operator A, we explore the hypercyclicity for upper triangular operator matrix

A diffeomorphism $f$ has a heterodimensional cycle if there are (transitive) hyperbolic sets $\varLambda$ and $\varSigma$ having different indices (dimension of the unstable bundle) such that the unstable manifold of $\varLambda$ meets the stable one of $\varSigma$ and vice versa. This cycle has co-index $1$ if $\mathop{\mathrm{index}}(\varLambda)=\mathop{\mathrm{index}}(\varSigma)\pm1$. This cycle is robust if, for every $g$ close to $f$, the continuations of $\varLambda$ and $\varSigma$ for $g$ have a heterodimensional cycle.

We prove that any co-index $1$ heterodimensional cycle associated with a pair of hyperbolic saddles generates $C^1$-robust heterodimensioal cycles. Therefore, in dimension three, every heterodimensional cycle generates robust cycles.

We also derive some consequences from this result for $C^1$-generic dynamics (in any dimension). Two of such consequences are the following. For tame diffeomorphisms (generic diffeomorphisms with finitely many chain recurrence classes) there is the following dichotomy: either the system is hyperbolic or it has a robust heterodimensional cycle. Moreover, any chain recurrence class containing saddles having different indices has a robust cycle.

We prove results on geodesic metric spaces which guarantee that some spaces are not hyperbolic in the Gromov sense. We use these theorems in order to study the hyperbolicity of Riemann surfaces. We obtain a criterion on the genus of a surface which implies non-hyperbolicity. We also include a characterization of the hyperbolicity of a Riemann surface $S^*$ obtained by deleting a closed set from one original surface $S$. In the particular case when the closed set is a union of continua and isolated points, the results clarify the role of punctures and funnels (and other more general ends) in the hyperbolicity of Riemann surfaces.

In this note we consider a stability property of p-harmonic functions in general metric measure spaces. Despite the fact that there may not be a corresponding differential equation, it is shown here that a family of uniformly convergent p-harmonic functions converges to a p-harmonic function; that is, the collection of p-harmonic functions forms a closed subspace in a certain Ho¨lder class. As a consequence, it is shown that a family of p-harmonic functions bounded in a Sobolev-type space (called the Newtonian space) has a sequence that converges locally uniformly in the domain of harmonicity to a p-harmonic function. This result is used to construct p-harmonic functions on unbounded domains. We also use this convergence result to prove a characterization of a parabolicity property of metric measure spaces. This characterization has been given for Riemannian manifolds by Holopainen, and the result here is a generalization of Holopainen's result.

In this paper, we are interested in the asymptotical behaviorof the error between the solution of a differential equation perturbed by a flow (or by a transformation) and the solution of the associated averaged differential equation.The main part of this redaction is devoted to the ascertainment of results of convergence in distribution analogous to those obtained in [10] and [11]. As in [11], we shall use a representation by a suspension flow over a dynamical system. Here, we make an assumption of multiple decorrelation in terms of this dynamical system. We show how this property can be verified for ergodic algebraic toral automorphisms and point out the fact that, fortwo-dimensional dispersive billiards, it is a consequence of the method developed in [18]. Moreover, the singular case of a degenerated limit distribution is also considered.