Let $G$ be a reductive group over an algebraically closed subfield $k$ of $\mathbb{C}$ of characteristic zero, $H\subseteq G$ an observable subgroup normalised by a maximal torus of $G$ and $X$ an affine $k$-variety acted on by $G$. Popov and Pommerening conjectured in the late 1970s that the invariant algebra $k[X]^{H}$ is finitely generated. We prove the conjecture for: (1) subgroups of $\operatorname{SL}_{n}(k)$ closed under left (or right) Borel action and for: (2) a class of Borel regular subgroups of classical groups. We give a partial affirmative answer to the conjecture for general regular subgroups of $\operatorname{SL}_{n}(k)$.

Let $Y$ be a compact Kähler normal space and let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\in H_{\mathit{BC}}^{1,1}(Y)$ be a Kähler class. We study metric properties of the space ${\mathcal{H}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$ of Kähler metrics in $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ using Mabuchi geodesics. We extend several results of Calabi, Chen, and Darvas, previously established when the underlying space is smooth. As an application, we analytically characterize the existence of Kähler–Einstein metrics on $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano varieties, generalizing a result of Tian, and illustrate these concepts in the case of toric varieties.

We show that the anti-canonical volume of an $n$-dimensional Kähler–Einstein $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano variety is bounded from above by certain invariants of the local singularities, namely $\operatorname{lct}^{n}\cdot \operatorname{mult}$ for ideals and the normalized volume function for real valuations. This refines a recent result by Fujita. As an application, we get sharp volume upper bounds for Kähler–Einstein Fano varieties with quotient singularities. Based on very recent results by Li and the author, we show that a Fano manifold is K-semistable if and only if a de Fernex–Ein–Mustaţă type inequality holds on its affine cone.

The geometric Satake correspondence gives an equivalence of categories between the representations of a semisimple group $G$ and the spherical perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian $Gr$ of its Langlands dual group. Bezrukavnikov and Finkelberg developed a derived version of this equivalence which relates the derived category of $G^{\vee }$-equivariant constructible sheaves on $Gr$ with the category of $G$-equivariant ${\mathcal{O}}(\mathfrak{g})$-modules. In this paper, we develop a K-theoretic version of the derived geometric Satake which involves the quantum group $U_{q}\mathfrak{g}$. We define a convolution category $K\operatorname{Conv}(Gr)$ whose morphism spaces are given by the $G^{\vee }\times \mathbb{C}^{\times }$-equivariant algebraic K-theory of certain fibre products. We conjecture that $K\operatorname{Conv}(Gr)$ is equivalent to a full subcategory of the category of $U_{q}\mathfrak{g}$-equivariant ${\mathcal{O}}_{q}(G)$-modules. We prove this conjecture when $G=\operatorname{SL}_{n}$. A key tool in our proof is the $\operatorname{SL}_{n}$ spider, which is a combinatorial description of the category of $U_{q}\mathfrak{sl}_{n}$ representations. By applying horizontal trace, we show that the annular $\operatorname{SL}_{n}$ spider describes the category of $U_{q}\mathfrak{sl}_{n}$-equivariant ${\mathcal{O}}_{q}(\operatorname{SL}_{n})$-modules. Then we use quantum loop algebras to relate the annular $\operatorname{SL}_{n}$ spider to $K\operatorname{Conv}(Gr)$. This gives a combinatorial/diagrammatic description of both categories and proves our conjecture.

In this article, we give an analytic construction of ALF hyperkähler metrics on smooth deformations of the Kleinian singularity $\mathbb{C}^{2}/{\mathcal{D}}_{k}$, with ${\mathcal{D}}_{k}$ the binary dihedral group of order $4k$, $k\geqslant 2$. More precisely, we start from the ALE hyperkähler metrics constructed on these spaces by Kronheimer, and use analytic methods, e.g. resolution of a Monge–Ampère equation, to produce ALF hyperkähler metrics with the same associated Kähler classes.

We formulate and study Howe–Moore type properties in the setting of quantum groups and in the setting of rigid $C^{\ast }$-tensor categories. We say that a rigid $C^{\ast }$-tensor category ${\mathcal{C}}$ has the Howe–Moore property if every completely positive multiplier on ${\mathcal{C}}$ has a limit at infinity. We prove that the representation categories of $q$-deformations of connected compact simple Lie groups with trivial center satisfy the Howe–Moore property. As an immediate consequence, we deduce the Howe–Moore property for Temperley–Lieb–Jones standard invariants with principal graph $A_{\infty }$. These results form a special case of a more general result on the convergence of completely bounded multipliers on the aforementioned categories. This more general result also holds for the representation categories of the free orthogonal quantum groups and for the Kazhdan–Wenzl categories. Additionally, in the specific case of the quantum groups $\text{SU}_{q}(N)$, we are able, using a result of the first-named author, to give an explicit characterization of the central states on the quantum coordinate algebra of $\text{SU}_{q}(N)$, which coincide with the completely positive multipliers on the representation category of $\text{SU}_{q}(N)$.

We prove an explicit formula for the arithmetic intersection number of diagonal cycles on GSpin Rapoport–Zink spaces in the minuscule case. This is a local problem arising from the arithmetic Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for orthogonal Shimura varieties. Our formula can be viewed as an orthogonal counterpart of the arithmetic–geometric side of the arithmetic fundamental lemma proved by Rapoport–Terstiege–Zhang in the minuscule case.

We prove a bound relating the volume of a curve near a cusp in a complex ball quotient $X=\mathbb{B}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ to its multiplicity at the cusp. There are a number of consequences: we show that for an $n$-dimensional toroidal compactification $\overline{X}$ with boundary $D$, $K_{\overline{X}}+(1-\unicode[STIX]{x1D706})D$ is ample for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\in (0,(n+1)/2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B})$, and in particular that $K_{\overline{X}}$ is ample for $n\geqslant 6$. By an independent algebraic argument, we prove that every ball quotient of dimension $n\geqslant 4$ is of general type, and conclude that the phenomenon famously exhibited by Hirzebruch in dimension 2 does not occur in higher dimensions. Finally, we investigate the applications to the problem of bounding the number of cusps and to the Green–Griffiths conjecture.

In 2014, Pila and Tsimerman gave a proof of the Ax–Schanuel conjecture for the$j$-function and, with Mok, have recently announced a proof of its generalization to any (pure) Shimura variety. We refer to this generalization as the hyperbolic Ax–Schanuel conjecture. In this article, we show that the hyperbolic Ax–Schanuel conjecture can be used to reduce the Zilber–Pink conjecture for Shimura varieties to a problem of point counting. We further show that this point counting problem can be tackled in a number of cases using the Pila–Wilkie counting theorem and several arithmetic conjectures. Our methods are inspired by previous applications of the Pila–Zannier method and, in particular, the recent proof by Habegger and Pila of the Zilber–Pink conjecture for curves in abelian varieties.

We construct the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic crystalline and Dieudonné analogues of Hida’s ordinary $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic étale cohomology, and employ integral $p$-adic Hodge theory to prove $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic comparison isomorphisms between these cohomologies and the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic de Rham cohomology studied in Cais [The geometry of Hida families I:$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic de Rham cohomology, Math. Ann. (2017), doi:10.1007/s00208-017-1608-1] as well as Hida’s $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic étale cohomology. As applications of our work, we provide a ‘cohomological’ construction of the family of $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$-modules attached to Hida’s ordinary $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic étale cohomology by Dee [$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$–$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$modules for families of Galois representations, J. Algebra 235 (2001), 636–664], and we give a new and purely geometric proof of Hida’s finiteness and control theorems. We also prove suitable $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic duality theorems for each of the cohomologies we construct.

A general conjecture is stated on the cone of automorphic vector bundles admitting nonzero global sections on schemes endowed with a smooth, surjective morphism to a stack of $G$-zips of connected Hodge type; such schemes should include all Hodge-type Shimura varieties with hyperspecial level. We prove our conjecture for groups of type $A_{1}^{n}$, $C_{2}$, and $\mathbf{F}_{p}$-split groups of type $A_{2}$ (this includes all Hilbert–Blumenthal varieties and should also apply to Siegel modular $3$-folds and Picard modular surfaces). An example is given to show that our conjecture can fail for zip data not of connected Hodge type.

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over a field $k$. Let $R:=\operatorname{End}E$. There is a functor $\mathscr{H}\!\mathit{om}_{R}(-,E)$ from the category of finitely presented torsion-free left $R$-modules to the category of abelian varieties isogenous to a power of $E$, and a functor $\operatorname{Hom}(-,E)$ in the opposite direction. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions on $E$ for these functors to be equivalences of categories. We also prove a partial generalization in which $E$ is replaced by a suitable higher-dimensional abelian variety over $\mathbb{F}_{p}$.

Let $U$ be an affine smooth curve defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. The Abhyankar conjecture (proved by Raynaud and Harbater in 1994) describes the set of finite quotients of Grothendieck’s étale fundamental group $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{1}^{\acute{\text{e}}\text{t}}(U)$. In this paper, we consider a purely inseparable analogue of this problem, formulated in terms of Nori’s profinite fundamental group scheme $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{N}(U)$, and give a partial answer to it.

Our aim is to clarify the relationship between Kudla’s and Bruinier’s Green functions attached to special cycles on Shimura varieties of orthogonal and unitary type, which play a key role in the arithmetic geometry of these cycles in the context of Kudla’s program. In particular, we show that the generating series obtained by taking the differences of the two families of Green functions is a non-holomorphic modular form and has trivial (cuspidal) holomorphic projection. Along the way, we construct a section of the Maaß lowering operator for moderate growth forms valued in the Weil representation using a regularized theta lift, which may be of independent interest, as it in particular has applications to mock modular forms. We also consider arithmetic-geometric applications to integral models of $U(n,1)$ Shimura varieties. Each family of Green functions gives rise to a formal arithmetic theta function, valued in an arithmetic Chow group, that is conjectured to be modular; our main result is the modularity of the difference of the two arithmetic theta functions. Finally, we relate the arithmetic heights of the special cycles to special derivatives of Eisenstein series, as predicted by Kudla’s conjecture, and describe a refinement of a theorem of Bruinier, Howard and Yang on arithmetic intersections against CM points.

We show that the automorphic étale cohomology of a (possibly noncompact) PEL-type or Hodge-type Shimura variety in characteristic zero is canonically isomorphic to the cohomology of the associated nearby cycles over most of their mixed characteristics models constructed in the literature.

The cardinality of the set of $D\leqslant x$ for which the fundamental solution of the Pell equation $t^{2}-Du^{2}=1$ is less than $D^{1/2+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\in [\frac{1}{2},1]$ is studied and certain lower bounds are obtained, improving previous results of Fouvry by introducing the $q$-analogue of van der Corput method to algebraic exponential sums with smooth moduli.

We prove Zhang’s dynamical Manin–Mumford conjecture and dynamical Bogomolov conjecture for dominant endomorphisms $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ of $(\mathbb{P}^{1})^{n}$ . We use the equidistribution theorem for points of small height with respect to an algebraic dynamical system, combined with an analysis of the symmetries of the Julia set for a rational function.

Given a smooth variety $X$ and an effective Cartier divisor $D\subset X$, we show that the cohomological Chow group of 0-cycles on the double of $X$ along $D$ has a canonical decomposition in terms of the Chow group of 0-cycles $\text{CH}_{0}(X)$ and the Chow group of 0-cycles with modulus $\text{CH}_{0}(X|D)$ on $X$. When $X$ is projective, we construct an Albanese variety with modulus and show that this is the universal regular quotient of $\text{CH}_{0}(X|D)$. As a consequence of the above decomposition, we prove the Roitman torsion theorem for the 0-cycles with modulus. We show that $\text{CH}_{0}(X|D)$ is torsion-free and there is an injective cycle class map $\text{CH}_{0}(X|D){\hookrightarrow}K_{0}(X,D)$ if $X$ is affine. For a smooth affine surface $X$, this is strengthened to show that $K_{0}(X,D)$ is an extension of $\text{CH}_{1}(X|D)$ by $\text{CH}_{0}(X|D)$.

For an optimal modular parametrization $J_{0}(n){\twoheadrightarrow}E$ of an elliptic curve $E$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ of conductor $n$, Manin conjectured the agreement of two natural $\mathbb{Z}$-lattices in the $\mathbb{Q}$-vector space $H^{0}(E,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}^{1})$. Multiple authors generalized his conjecture to higher-dimensional newform quotients. We prove the Manin conjecture for semistable $E$, give counterexamples to all the proposed generalizations, and prove several semistable special cases of these generalizations. The proofs establish general relations between the integral $p$-adic étale and de Rham cohomologies of abelian varieties over $p$-adic fields and exhibit a new exactness result for Néron models.

This article is the first in a series of two in which we study the vanishing cycles of curves in toric surfaces. We give a list of possible obstructions to contract vanishing cycles within a given complete linear system. Using tropical means, we show that any non-separating simple closed curve is a vanishing cycle whenever none of the listed obstructions appears.