In a previous investigation [1], the author has studied finite groups of an order g = pg0 where p is a prime and g0 an integer not divisible by p. This work has been continued by H. F. Tuan [5]. Let t denote the number of conjugate classes of which consist of element of order p. Tuan dealt with the groups for which t≦2 and which have a faithful representation of degree less than p - 1. We shall assume here that t≧3. We shall also suppose that does not have a normal subgroup of order p. We state here two results. We shall show (Corollary, Theorem 1) that if / is a faithful irreducible character of of degree n which has T>1 conjugates over the field of the g0-th roots of unity, then

Among his various interests in algebra Nakayama also took part in the various researches, published in the early and middle 1950’s, which dealt with the commutativity of rings. This paper, which studies a problem of a related sort, thus seems appropriate in a Journal honoring his memory.

We shall study a certain class of rings which satisfy a weak form of the commutative law and shall show that the structure of such rings can be determined.

We prove here an unpublished conjecture of Milnor which gives a complete set of multiplicative relations between the numbers

where ranges over complex roots of unity. Information of this type is useful in certain areas of topology as well as in number theory.

Let 5 denote the icosahedral group and let be the normalizer of a Sylow 5-subgroup of 5. Then the index of in 5 equals six. Let us represent 5 as a permutation group A on the set of residue classes of with respect to 5 Then it is clear that A is doubly transitive of degree 6 and order 60 = 2·5·6. Since 5 is simple, A does not contain a regular normal subgroup.

A left QF-3 ring R is one in which RR, the ring considered as a left module over itself, can be embedded in a projective infective left R module Q(RR). QF-3 rings were introduced by Thrall [14] and have been studied and characterized by a number of authors [5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15] usually restricted to the case of algebras over a field. In such a case, the concept of left QF-3 and right QF-3 coincide.

The study of QF-3 rings and algebras and many other such classes of rings had its origin in the now classic papers of Nakayama [10, 11]. He was an outstanding pioneer in algebra for many years, and we acknowledge our great debt to him and to his many excellent papers.

The purpose of this paper is to prove the following three theorems which were announced in [2].

Let E and E′ be C∞ vector bundles over a C∞ manifold M. Denote by Γ(E) (resp. by Γ(E′) the vector space of C∞ cross-sections of E (resp. of E′) over M. Take a linear differential operator of the first order D: Γ(E) → Γ(E′) induced by a vector bundle mapping σ(D): jl(E) ′ E′, where Jk(E) denotes the vector bundle of k-jets of cross-sections of E.

If U=U(0), U(i) is a maximal subgroup of U(i + 1) and U(n) = V, then we term the U(i) a densest chain connecting U and V; and n is the length of this chain. The subgroup U of V will furthermore be termed an n-uniserial subgroup of V if there exists one and only one densest chain connecting U and V and if its length is n. The principal aim of this note is to give characterizations of dedekind groups [ = groups all of whose subgroups are normal] in terms of the normality of uniserial subgroups. We quote one of our results:

We consider a group G of finite order g = pag′ where p is a prime number and (p, g′) = 1. Let Ω be the algebraic number field which contains the p-th roots of unity. Let K1, K2,…, Kn be the classes of conjugate elements in G and the first m(≦n) classes be p-regular. There exist n distinct (absolutely) irreducible characters x1, x2,…, xn of G.

Let Λ be a ring and G a finite group of ring automorphisms of Λ. The totality of elements of Λ which are left invariant by G is a subring of Λ. We call it the G-fixed subring of Λ. Let be the crossed product of Λ and G with trivial factor set, i.e. {u0} is a Λ-free basis of Δ and , and let Γ be a subring of the G-fixed subring of Λ which has the same identity as Λ.

In the arithmetic theory of automorphic functions on a symmetric bounded domain = G/K, as developed recently by Shimura and Kuga [2], [2a], it is important to consider a family of (polarized) abelian varieties on obtained from a symplectic representation ρ (defined over Q) of G (viewed as an algebraic group defined over Q) satisfying a certain analyticity condition. Recently, I have determined completely such representations, reducing the problem to the case where G is a Q-simple group and where ρ is a Q-primary representation ([3], [4]). It has turned out that, besides the four standard solutions investigated already by Shimura, there exist two more non-standard solutions, one of which comes from a spin representation of the orthogonal group and thus gives a family of abelian varieties on a domain of type (IV). The purpose of this short note is to explain how one can construct most simply, starting from the “regular representation” of the corresponding Clifford algebra, examples of such families, including also the non-analytic case.

The group of extensions Ext(A, Ga) and Ext(A, Gm) of an abelian variety A by the additive or multiplicative group Ga, Gm have been investigated in detail ([9], [10], [GACC]). On the other hand, F. Oort [8] and M. Miyanishi [6] recently studied the groups Ext(Ga, A) and Ext(Gm, A). The purpose of the present paper is to clarify the relationship between these groups. Our results show that the latter groups can be derived from the former.

The aim of this paper is to point out a number-theoretical property of a certain product of values taken by an abelian function at points of finite order of the abelian variety on which the abelian function is considered We use the theory of power residues and the theory of complex multiplication, and the result is somewhat similar to the so-called Stickelberger’s relation in the theory of Gauss sums. A related investigation was previously made by the author in a special case of elliptic curves [2].

There are many uses of Fourier analysis in the analytic number theory. In this paper we shall derive two fundamental theorems using Cramer’s method (Mathematical methods of statistics, 1946). Let E, E* be unit cubes in the whole n-dimensional Euclidean space X such that

It is well known that the semi-simple rings with minimum conditions coincide with the rings of global homological dimension zero and that the hereditary rings coincide with the rings of global dimension one. Eilenberg, Jans, Nagao and Nakayama gave some properties of hereditary rings in [4] and [11], which relate to global dimension of factor rings. As an example of non-commutative hereditary ring we know a tri-angular matrix ring over a semi-simple ring.

In 1952, the late Professor T. Nakayama succeeded in constructing the Galois theory for finite dimensional simple ring extensions [7]. And, we believe, the theory was essentially due to the following proposition: If a simple ring A is Galois and finite over a simple subring B then A is B′-A-completely reducible for any simple intermediate ring B′ of A/B [7, Lemmas 1.1 and 1.2]. Moreover, as was established in [5], Nakayama’s idea was still efficient in considering the infinite dimensional Galois theory of simple rings.

In [1] L. Fuchs and I. Halperin have proved that a regular ring R is isomorphic to a two-sided ideal of a regular ring with identity. ([1] Theorem 1). Their methed is to imbed the regular ring R in the ring of all pairs (a, p) with a ∊ R and p from a suitable commutative regular ring S with identity such that R is an algebra over S. Thus S may be seen as the ring of R — R endomorphisms of the additive group of R. The following question is naturally raised: Is it true that the ring of all R-R endomorphisms of a rugular ring is a commutative regular ring? The main purpose of this paper is to answer this question affirmatively. (Theorem 1). After established this theorem we can follow the method in [1] to solve the problem in the title.

The many unanswerable questions (1) which arise in the study of finite groups have lead to a review of fundamental ideas, e.g. the Theorem of Burnside (3, p. 299; 2, 6) that if λ be any faithful irreducible representation of G over a field K, then every irreducible representation of G over K is contained in some tensor power of λ.

1. Let V be a free Z-module of rank 2n. Let G=Sp(2n, Z) be the symplectic modular group and let Φ be the non-singular alternating bilinear form on V left invariant by G. Let p ∊ Z be a prime and let X be the set of all endomorphisms ξ of V such that