It is a classical result that the only surface of revolution in Euclidean space E3 which is minimal is the catenoid. Of course the surface is conformally flat, but if Mn, n ≧ 4, is a conformally flat hypersurface of Euclidean space En+1, then Mn admits a distinguished direction [2] (“tangent to the meridians“). Thus we seek to characterize conformally flat hypersurfaces of En+1 which are minimal. Specifically we prove the following

THEOREM. Let Mn, n ≧ 4, be a conformally flat, minimal hypersurface immersed in En+1.

Of late there has been considerable interest in the study of analogs of the Frattini subgroup of a finite group and the investigation of their properties, particularly their influence on the structure of the group, see [2-11], [14-16] and [18]. Gaschütz [11] and more recently Bechtell [2] and Rose [18] have considered extensively the intersection of the family of all non-normal, maximal subgroups of a finite group. Deskins [8] has discussed the intersection of the family of all maximal subgroups of a finite group whose indices are not divisible by a given prime. Bhatia [7] considered the intersection of the class of all maximal subgroups of a given group whose indices are composites. In this paper we investigate the intersection of another class of maximal subgroups and its relationship with the structure of the group. The subgroup we consider here contains the Frattini subgroup and also the two subgroups introduced in [8] and [7].

Building on our previous work, we study the non-relative homology of quantum group convolution algebras. Our main result establishes the equivalence of amenability of a locally compact quantum group $\mathbb{G}$ and 1-injectivity of ${{L}^{\infty }}\left( \widehat{\mathbb{G}} \right)$ as an operator ${{L}^{1}}\left( \widehat{\mathbb{G}} \right)$-module. In particular, a locally compact group $G$ is amenable if and only if its group von Neumann algebra $\text{VN}\left( G \right)$ is 1-injective as an operator module over the Fourier algebra $A\left( G \right)$. As an application, we provide a decomposability result for completely bounded ${{L}^{1}}\left( \widehat{\mathbb{G}} \right)$-module maps on ${{L}^{\infty }}\left( \widehat{\mathbb{G}} \right)$, and give a simplified proof that amenable discrete quantum groups have co-amenable compact duals, which avoids the use of modular theory and the Powers-Størmer inequality, suggesting that our homological techniques may yield a new approach to the open problem of duality between amenability and co-amenability.

In this paper we study the oscillatory behavior of the even order nonlinear delay differential equation

(1)

where

(i) denotes the order of differentiation with respect to t. The delay terms τi σi are assumed to be real-valued, continuous, non-negative, non-decreasing and bounded by a common constant M on the half line (t0, + ∞ ) for some t0 ≧ 0.

Suppose that A and B are C*-algebras, J is a closed two-sided ideal in B, and that η: B →B/J is the quotient map. Given a linear contraction φ : A →B/J, a linear map Ψ: A →B is a lifting of φ if one has a commutative diagram

It is assumed that all topological spaces discussed in this paper are Hausdorff. By a compactification αX of a space X we mean a compact space containing X as a dense subspace. If, for some positive integer n, αX — X consists of n points, we refer to αX as an n-point compactification of X, in which case we use the notation αn X. If αX — X is countable, we refer to αX as a countable compactification of X. In this paper, the statement that a set is countable means that its elements are in one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers. In particular, finite sets are not regarded as being countable. Those spaces with n-point compactifications were characterized in (3). From the results obtained there it followed that the only n-point compactifications of the real line are the well-known 1- and 2-point compactifications and the only n-point compactification of the Euclidean N-space, EN (N > 1), is the 1-point compactification.

On dit qu'un nombre entier A est hautement composé si tout nombre M plus petit que A a moins de diviseurs que A. Si l'on définit d(n) = nombre de diviseurs de n, on sait que, si la décomposition en facteurs premiers de n est n = Πi piai, on a:

La définition devient: A est hautement composé si et seulement si:

1

Ramanujan [8] a défini et étudié les nombres hautement composés, démontrant les propriétés suivantes:

Si A = 2a2 3a3 … pkapk est un nombre hautement composé, on a:

et à l'exception de A = 4 et A = 36, on a: apk = 1 [8, §8].

It is known that the following classes of spaces (all spaces in this article are assumed T1) are identical:

1. Images of metric spaces under continuous open maps with compact point inverses.

2. Spaces with uniform bases (in the sense of Alexandrov [1]).

3. Metacompact developable spaces.

4. Spaces with σ-point-finite bases in which closed sets are Gδ's.

Suppose that two men stand at the same elevation on opposite sides of a mountain range and begin to climb in such a way that their elevations remain equal at all times. Will they ever meet along the way? It is this question, restated in mathematical terms, that we shall consider. We replace the mountain range by the graph of a continuous, real-valued function f(x) defined for x ∈ [0, 1], where f(0) = f(1) = 0, and we ask whether there exist continuous mappings ϕ(t), ψ(t) from [0, 1] into [0, 1] such that

1

2

In this paper we consider the problem of extending the Weierstrass division theorem to quasianalytic local rings of germs of functions of k real variables which properly contain the local ring of germs of analytic functions. After some background material (§ 2) and some technical preliminaries (§ 3), we show by examples that the so-called generic division theorem fails in such rings if k ≧ 1 and that the Weierstrass division theorem fails in such rings if k ≧ 2 (§ 4).

We use the eta invariant to show every non-simply connected spherical space form of dimension m ≥ 5 has a countable family of non bordant metrics of positive scalar curvature.

By a von Neumann algebra M we mean a weakly closed, self-adjoint algebra of operators on a Hilbert space which contains I, the identity operator. A factor is a von Neumann algebra whose centre consists of scalar multiples of I.

In all that follows ϕ:M → N will be a one to one, *-linear map from the von Neumann factor M onto the von Neumann algebra N such that both ϕ and ϕ−1 preserve commutativity. Our main result states that if M is not of type I2 then where is an isomorphism or an antiisomorphism, c is a non-zero scalar, and λ is a *-linear map from M into ZN, the centre of N.

Our interest in this problem was aroused by several recent results. In [1], Choi, Jafarian, and Radjavi proved that if S is the real linear space of n × n matrices over any algebraically closed field, n ≧ 3, and ψ a linear operator on S which preserves commuting pairs of matrices, then either ψ(S) is commutative or there exists a unitary matrix U such that

for all A in S. They proved an analogous result for the collection of all bounded self-adjoint operators on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space when ψ is one to one. Subsequently, Omladic [7] proved that if ψ:L(X) → L(X) is a bijective linear operator preserving commuting pairs of operators where X is a non-trivial Banach space, then

where U is a bounded invertible operator on X and A′ is the adjoint of A.

For a truncated matrix moment problem, we describe in detail the set of positive definite matrices of measures μ in V2n (this is the set of solutions of the problem of degree 2n) for which the polynomials up to degree n are dense in the corresponding space L2(μ). These matrices of measures are exactly the extremal measures of the set Vn.

Conditions for a subgroup, F, of PSL(2, R) to be discrete have been investigated by a number of authors. Jørgensen's inequality [5] gives an elegant necessary condition for discreteness for subgroups of PSL(2, C). Purzitsky, Rosenberger, Matelski, Knapp, and Van Vleck, among others [12, 13, 14, 9, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 7, 21] studied two generator discrete subgroups of PSL(2, R) in a long series of papers. The complete classification of two generator subgroups was surprisingly complicated and elusive. The most complete result appears in [20].

In this paper we use the results of [20] to prove that a nonelementary subgroup F of PSL(2, R) is discrete if and only if every non-elementary subgroup, G, generated by two hyperbolics is discrete (Theorem 5.2) and that F contains no elliptics if and only if each such G is free (Theorem 5.1). Thus, we produce necessary and sufficient conditions for a non-elementary subgroup F of PSL(2, R) to be a discrete group without elliptic elements (Theorem 6.1) or a discrete group containing only hyperbolic elements (Theorem 7.1).

A connected Lie group H is generated by a pair of one-parameter subgroups if every element of H can be written as a finite product of elements chosen alternately from the two one-parameter subgroups, i.e., if and only if the subalgebra generated by the corresponding pair of infinitesimal transformations is equal to the whole Lie algebra h of H (observe that the subgroup of all finite products is arcwise connected and hence, by Yamabe's theorem [5], is a sub-Lie group). If, moreover, there exists a positive integer n such that every element of H possesses such a representation of length at most n, then H is said to be uniformly finitely generated by the pair of one-parameter subgroups. In this case, define the order of generation of H as the least such n ; otherwise define it as infinity.

In this paper, we consider the class of groups G(l, m; k) which are defined by the presentation

where k, l, m are integers, and |l| > m > 0, k > 0. Groups in this class possess many properties which seem unusual, especially for one-relator groups. The basis for the results obtained below is the determination of endomorphisms.

For certain of the groups, we are able to calculate their automorphism groups. One consequence of this is to produce examples of one-relator groups with infinitely generated automorphism groups. This answers a question raised by G. Baumslag (in a colloquium lecture at the University of Waterloo). Our examples are, perhaps, the simplest possible; J. Lewin [10] has found an example of a finitely presented group with an infinitely generated automorphism group.

The coarseness, c(G), of a graph G is the maximum number of edge-disjoint, non-planar subgraphs of G. We consider only the complete graph, Kp, on p vertices here. For p = 3r, Erdös conjectured that the coarseness was , but it has been shown (1) that

1

where square brackets denote integer part.

In this paper, we develop a new approach to obtain the compactness of the fluctuation processes for Boltzmann dynamics. Our method is applicable to Kac's model, already studied by Uchiyama, but it covers many other cases. A novelty worth mentioning is the use of the weak topology of a Hilbert space.

Let $(M^{n},g)$ be a Riemannian manifold without boundary. We study the amount of initial regularity required so that the solution to a free Schrödinger equation converges pointwise to its initial data. Assume the initial data is in $H^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}(M)$. For hyperbolic space, the standard sphere, and the two-dimensional torus, we prove that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>\frac{1}{2}$ is enough. For general compact manifolds, due to the lack of a local smoothing effect, it is hard to improve on the bound $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>1$ from interpolation. We managed to go below 1 for dimension ${\leqslant}$ 3. The more interesting thing is that, for a one-dimensional compact manifold, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>\frac{1}{3}$ is sufficient.

Throughout this paper a ring will always be an associative, not necessarily commutative ring with an identity. It is tacitly assumed that the identity of a subring coincides with that of the whole ring. A ring R is said to be residually finite if it satisfies one of the following equivalent conditions:

(1) Every non-zero ideal of R is of finite index in R;

(2) For each non-zero ideal A of R, the residue class ring R/A is finite;

(3) Every proper homomorphic image of R is finite.

The class of residually finite rings is large enough to merit our investigation. All finite rings and all simple rings are trivially residually finite. Other residually finite rings are said to be proper.