We study the interplay between the minimal representations of the orthogonal Lie algebra \mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{so}(n+2,\mathbb{C})$\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{so}(n+2,\mathbb{C})$ and the algebra of symmetries\mathscr{S}(\Box ^{r})$\mathscr{S}(\Box ^{r})$ of powers of the Laplacian \Box$\Box$ on \mathbb{C}^{n}$\mathbb{C}^{n}$. The connection is made through the construction of a highest-weight representation of \mathfrak{g}$\mathfrak{g}$ via the ring of differential operators {\mathcal{D}}(X)${\mathcal{D}}(X)$ on the singular scheme X=(\mathtt{F}^{r}=0)\subset \mathbb{C}^{n}$X=(\mathtt{F}^{r}=0)\subset \mathbb{C}^{n}$, for \mathtt{F}=\sum _{j=1}^{n}X_{i}^{2}\in \mathbb{C}[X_{1},\ldots ,X_{n}]$\mathtt{F}=\sum _{j=1}^{n}X_{i}^{2}\in \mathbb{C}[X_{1},\ldots ,X_{n}]$. In particular, we prove that U(\mathfrak{g})/K_{r}\cong \mathscr{S}(\Box ^{r})\cong {\mathcal{D}}(X)$U(\mathfrak{g})/K_{r}\cong \mathscr{S}(\Box ^{r})\cong {\mathcal{D}}(X)$ for a certain primitive ideal K_{r}$K_{r}$. Interestingly, if (and only if) n$n$ is even with r\geqslant n/2$r\geqslant n/2$, then both \mathscr{S}(\Box ^{r})$\mathscr{S}(\Box ^{r})$ and its natural module {\mathcal{A}}=\mathbb{C}[\unicode[STIX]{x2202}/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}X_{n},\ldots ,\unicode[STIX]{x2202}/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}X_{n}]/(\Box ^{r})${\mathcal{A}}=\mathbb{C}[\unicode[STIX]{x2202}/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}X_{n},\ldots ,\unicode[STIX]{x2202}/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}X_{n}]/(\Box ^{r})$ have a finite-dimensional factor. The same holds for the {\mathcal{D}}(X)${\mathcal{D}}(X)$-module {\mathcal{O}}(X)${\mathcal{O}}(X)$. We also study higher-dimensional analogues M_{r}=\{x\in A:\Box ^{r}(x)=0\}$M_{r}=\{x\in A:\Box ^{r}(x)=0\}$ of the module of harmonic elements in A=\mathbb{C}[X_{1},\ldots ,X_{n}]$A=\mathbb{C}[X_{1},\ldots ,X_{n}]$ and of the space of ‘harmonic densities’. In both cases we obtain a minimal \mathfrak{g}$\mathfrak{g}$-representation that is closely related to the \mathfrak{g}$\mathfrak{g}$-modules {\mathcal{O}}(X)${\mathcal{O}}(X)$ and {\mathcal{A}}${\mathcal{A}}$. Essentially all these results have real analogues, with the Laplacian replaced by the d’Alembertian \Box _{p}$\Box _{p}$ on the pseudo-Euclidean space \mathbb{R}^{p,q}$\mathbb{R}^{p,q}$ and with \mathfrak{g}$\mathfrak{g}$ replaced by the real Lie algebra \mathfrak{so}(p+1,q+1)$\mathfrak{so}(p+1,q+1)$.

For any odd prime \ell$\ell$, let h_{\ell }(-d)$h_{\ell }(-d)$ denote the \ell$\ell$-part of the class number of the imaginary quadratic field \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-d})$\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-d})$. Nontrivial pointwise upper bounds are known only for \ell =3$\ell =3$; nontrivial upper bounds for averages of h_{\ell }(-d)$h_{\ell }(-d)$ have previously been known only for \ell =3,5$\ell =3,5$. In this paper we prove nontrivial upper bounds for the average of h_{\ell }(-d)$h_{\ell }(-d)$ for all primes \ell \geqslant 7$\ell \geqslant 7$, as well as nontrivial upper bounds for certain higher moments for all primes \ell \geqslant 3$\ell \geqslant 3$.

We show that the moduli spaces of stable sheaves on projective schemes admit certain non-commutative structures, which we call quasi-NC structures, generalizing Kapranov’s NC structures. The completion of our quasi-NC structure at a closed point of the moduli space gives a pro-representable hull of the non-commutative deformation functor of the corresponding sheaf developed by Laudal, Eriksen, Segal and Efimov–Lunts–Orlov. We also show that the framed stable moduli spaces of sheaves have canonical NC structures.

Let M$M$ be the Shimura variety associated to the group of spinor similitudes of a quadratic space over \mathbb{Q}$\mathbb{Q}$ of signature (n,2)$(n,2)$. We prove a conjecture of Bruinier and Yang, relating the arithmetic intersection multiplicities of special divisors and complex multiplication points on M$M$ to the central derivatives of certain L$L$-functions. Each such L$L$-function is the Rankin–Selberg convolution associated with a cusp form of half-integral weight n/2+1$n/2+1$, and the weight n/2$n/2$ theta series of a positive definite quadratic space of rank n$n$. When n=1$n=1$ the Shimura variety M$M$ is a classical quaternionic Shimura curve, and our result is a variant of the Gross–Zagier theorem on heights of Heegner points.

We study the 1$1$-level density of low-lying zeros of Dirichlet L$L$-functions attached to real primitive characters of conductor at most X$X$. Under the generalized Riemann hypothesis, we give an asymptotic expansion of this quantity in descending powers of \log X$\log X$, which is valid when the support of the Fourier transform of the corresponding even test function \unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ is contained in (-2,2)$(-2,2)$. We uncover a phase transition when the supremum \unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ of the support of \widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}}$\widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}}$ reaches 1$1$, both in the main term and in the lower order terms. A new lower order term appearing at \unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}=1$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}=1$ involves the quantity \widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}}(1)$\widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}}(1)$, and is analogous to a lower order term which was isolated by Rudnick in the function field case.

In this paper we study the local cohomology modules of Du Bois singularities. Let (R,\mathfrak{m})$(R,\mathfrak{m})$ be a local ring; we prove that if R_{\text{red}}$R_{\text{red}}$ is Du Bois, then H_{\mathfrak{m}}^{i}(R)\rightarrow H_{\mathfrak{m}}^{i}(R_{\text{red}})$H_{\mathfrak{m}}^{i}(R)\rightarrow H_{\mathfrak{m}}^{i}(R_{\text{red}})$ is surjective for every i$i$. We find many applications of this result. For example, we answer a question of Kovács and Schwede [Inversion of adjunction for rational and Du Bois pairs, Algebra Number Theory 10 (2016), 969–1000; MR 3531359] on the Cohen–Macaulay property of Du Bois singularities. We obtain results on the injectivity of \operatorname{Ext}$\operatorname{Ext}$ that provide substantial partial answers to questions in Eisenbud et al. [Cohomology on toric varieties and local cohomology with monomial supports, J. Symbolic Comput. 29 (2000), 583–600] in characteristic 0$0$. These results can also be viewed as generalizations of the Kodaira vanishing theorem for Cohen–Macaulay Du Bois varieties. We prove results on the set-theoretic Cohen–Macaulayness of the defining ideal of Du Bois singularities, which are characteristic-0$0$ analogs and generalizations of results of Singh–Walther and answer some of their questions in Singh and Walther [On the arithmetic rank of certain Segre products, in Commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 390 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2005), 147–155]. We extend results on the relation between Koszul cohomology and local cohomology for F$F$-injective and Du Bois singularities first shown in Hochster and Roberts [The purity of the Frobenius and local cohomology, Adv. Math. 21 (1976), 117–172; MR 0417172 (54 #5230)]. We also prove that singularities of dense F$F$-injective type deform.

Using the descent spectral sequence for a Galois extension of ring spectra, we compute the Picard group of the higher real K$K$-theory spectra of Hopkins and Miller at height n=p-1$n=p-1$, for p$p$ an odd prime. More generally, we determine the Picard groups of the homotopy fixed points spectra E_{n}^{hG}$E_{n}^{hG}$, where E_{n}$E_{n}$ is Lubin–Tate E$E$-theory at the prime p$p$ and height n=p-1$n=p-1$, and G$G$ is any finite subgroup of the extended Morava stabilizer group. We find that these Picard groups are always cyclic, generated by the suspension.

Let A\rightarrow B$A\rightarrow B$ be a morphism of Artin local rings with the same embedding dimension. We prove that any A$A$ -flat B$B$ -module is B$B$ -flat. This freeness criterion was conjectured by de Smit in 1997 and improves Diamond’s criterion [The Taylor–Wiles construction and multiplicity one, Invent. Math. 128 (1997), 379–391, Theorem 2.1]. We also prove that if there is a nonzero A$A$ -flat B$B$ -module, then A\rightarrow B$A\rightarrow B$ is flat and is a relative complete intersection. Then we explain how this result allows one to simplify Wiles’s proof of Fermat’s last theorem: we do not need the so-called ‘Taylor–Wiles systems’ any more.

A log symplectic manifold is a complex manifold equipped with a complex symplectic form that has simple poles on a hypersurface. The possible singularities of such a hypersurface are heavily constrained. We introduce the notion of an elliptic point of a log symplectic structure, which is a singular point at which a natural transversality condition involving the modular vector field is satisfied, and we prove a local normal form for such points that involves the simple elliptic surface singularities \widetilde{E}_{6},\widetilde{E}_{7}$\widetilde{E}_{6},\widetilde{E}_{7}$ and \widetilde{E}_{8}$\widetilde{E}_{8}$. Our main application is to the classification of Poisson brackets on Fano fourfolds. For example, we show that Feigin and Odesskii’s Poisson structures of type q_{5,1}$q_{5,1}$ are the only log symplectic structures on projective four-space whose singular points are all elliptic.

We show that a genus 2$2$ curve over a number field whose jacobian has complex multiplication will usually have stable bad reduction at some prime. We prove this by computing the Faltings height of the jacobian in two different ways. First, we use a known case of the Colmez conjecture, due to Colmez and Obus, that is valid when the CM field is an abelian extension of the rationals. It links the height and the logarithmic derivatives of an L$L$ -function. The second formula involves a decomposition of the height into local terms based on a hyperelliptic model. We use the reduction theory of genus 2$2$ curves as developed by Igusa, Liu, Saito, and Ueno to relate the contribution at the finite places with the stable bad reduction of the curve. The subconvexity bounds by Michel and Venkatesh together with an equidistribution result of Zhang are used to bound the infinite places.

In this paper, we propose a conjectural identity between the Fourier–Jacobi periods on symplectic groups and the central value of certain Rankin–Selberg L$L$-functions. This identity can be viewed as a refinement to the global Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for \text{Sp}(2n)\times \text{Mp}(2m)$\text{Sp}(2n)\times \text{Mp}(2m)$. To support this conjectural identity, we show that when n=m$n=m$ and n=m\pm 1$n=m\pm 1$, it can be deduced from the Ichino–Ikeda conjecture in some cases via theta correspondences. As a corollary, the conjectural identity holds when n=m=1$n=m=1$ or when n=2$n=2$, m=1$m=1$ and the automorphic representation on the bigger group is endoscopic.

We give a Rankin–Selberg integral representation for the Spin (degree eight) L$L$-function on \operatorname{PGSp}_{6}$\operatorname{PGSp}_{6}$ that applies to the cuspidal automorphic representations associated to Siegel modular forms. If \unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ corresponds to a level-one Siegel modular form f$f$ of even weight, and if f$f$ has a nonvanishing maximal Fourier coefficient (defined below), then we deduce the functional equation and finiteness of poles of the completed Spin L$L$-function \unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B},\text{Spin},s)$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B},\text{Spin},s)$ of \unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$.

Let M$M$ be an irreducible holomorphic symplectic (hyperkähler) manifold. If b_{2}(M)\geqslant 5$b_{2}(M)\geqslant 5$, we construct a deformation M^{\prime }$M^{\prime }$ of M$M$ which admits a symplectic automorphism of infinite order. This automorphism is hyperbolic, that is, its action on the space of real (1,1)$(1,1)$-classes is hyperbolic. If b_{2}(M)\geqslant 14$b_{2}(M)\geqslant 14$, similarly, we construct a deformation which admits a parabolic automorphism (and many other automorphisms as well).

We prove a Knörrer-periodicity-type equivalence between derived factorization categories of gauged Landau–Ginzburg models, which is an analogy of a theorem proved by Shipman and Isik independently. As an application, we obtain a gauged Landau–Ginzburg version of Orlov’s theorem describing a relationship between categories of graded matrix factorizations and derived categories of hypersurfaces in projective spaces, by combining the above Knörrer periodicity type equivalence and the theory of variations of geometric invariant theory quotients due to Ballard, Favero and Katzarkov.

We prove that spin groups act generically freely on various spinor modules, in the sense of group schemes and in a way that does not depend on the characteristic of the base field. As a consequence, we extend the surprising calculation of the essential dimension of spin groups and half-spin groups in characteristic zero by Brosnan et al. [Essential dimension, spinor groups, and quadratic forms, Ann. of Math. (2) 171 (2010), 533–544], and Chernousov and Merkurjev [Essential dimension of spinor and Clifford groups, Algebra Number Theory 8 (2014), 457–472] to fields of characteristic different from two. We also complete the determination of generic stabilizers in spin and half-spin groups of low rank.

A seminal result due to Wall states that if x$x$ is normal to a given base b$b$, then so is rx+s$rx+s$ for any rational numbers r,s$r,s$ with r\neq 0$r\neq 0$. We show that a stronger result is true for normality with respect to the continued fraction expansion. In particular, suppose a,b,c,d\in \mathbb{Z}$a,b,c,d\in \mathbb{Z}$ with ad-bc\neq 0$ad-bc\neq 0$. Then if x$x$ is continued fraction normal, so is (ax+b)/(cx+d)$(ax+b)/(cx+d)$.

We introduce coarse flow spaces for relatively hyperbolic groups and use them to verify a regularity condition for the action of relatively hyperbolic groups on their boundaries. As an application the Farrell–Jones conjecture for relatively hyperbolic groups can be reduced to the peripheral subgroups (up to index-2 overgroups in the L$L$-theory case).

We study the p$p$-adic variation of triangulations over p$p$-adic families of (\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$-modules. In particular, we study certain canonical sub-filtrations of the pointwise triangulations and show that they extend to affinoid neighborhoods of crystalline points. This generalizes results of Kedlaya, Pottharst and Xiao and (independently) Liu in the case where one expects the entire triangulation to extend. We also study the ramification of weight parameters over natural p$p$-adic families.

We develop a theory of unbounded derived categories of quasi-coherent sheaves on algebraic stacks. In particular, we show that these categories are compactly generated by perfect complexes for stacks that either have finite stabilizers or are local quotient stacks. We also extend Toën and Antieau–Gepner’s results on derived Azumaya algebras and compact generation of sheaves on linear categories from derived schemes to derived Deligne–Mumford stacks. These are all consequences of our main theorem: compact generation of a presheaf of triangulated categories on an algebraic stack is local for the quasi-finite flat topology.

We present a graph manifold analog of the Jankins–Neumann classification of Seifert fibered spaces over S^{2}$S^{2}$ admitting taut foliations, providing a finite recursive formula to compute the L-space Dehn-filling interval for any graph manifold with torus boundary. As an application of a generalization of this result to Floer simple manifolds, we compute the L-space interval for any cable of a Floer simple knot complement in a closed three-manifold in terms of the original L-space interval, recovering a result of Hedden and Hom as a special case.