In this study, network analysis was conducted using an exploratory approach on the variables of self-efficacy, academic resilience (AR), cognitive test anxiety and academic achievement (ACH), which are frequently examined in educational research. Data were collected from a total of 828 Turkish secondary school adolescents (51.9% female), using three different self-reported scales for self-efficacy, AR and cognitive test anxiety, as well as an ACH scale. The data were analyzed using regularized partial correlation network analysis (EBICglasso). The results show that academic self-efficacy (ASE) stands out among the variables of the study and that there is a positive relationship between ASE and all other variables except cognitive test anxiety. Besides, increasing students’ ASE and AR levels plays a notable role in increasing their ACH levels. By providing new evidence on the relationships among these variables, this study offers insights that may inspire educational policy interventions.

This paper takes a transregional approach to examine primary historical sources that reveal the significance of the experiential and professional meanderings of Chua Boon Hean (1905-1995) for Southeast Asian studies. Chua was a writer and artist who emigrated from Chaozhou in southern China to Malaya in the 1920s. He became a prominent figure in the film industry and is recognised as a cultural icon of post-independence Singapore. Chua’s story calls for a careful re-examination of the ambiguities and connections between ‘diaspora’, ‘ethnicity’ and ‘borders’. While policymakers had reasons to adopt such labels to manage a diverse population in a colonial and post-colonial setting, researchers must recognise the limits and implications of such efforts. Experiences of social belonging and ethnic identity – more malleable than categories might allow – repudiate this approach of rigid labelling. By adding new dimensions and fresh primary sources from Chua’s archive to ongoing discussions in Southeast Asian studies, this paper illuminates the fluidity of Chinese diasporic networks and ethnic identity overseas. By examining Chua’s story through a transregional historical lens, this paper lays the groundwork for a more imaginative approach to understanding the elastic and fluid process of identity formation in modern Asia. Such a perspective can contribute significantly to the current climate of heightened mobilities and politicised exchanges in Southeast Asia.

This research is focused on investigating the efficiency of Active Labor Market Policies (ALMP) expenditures of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries including institutional quality of governance. The emphasis is on the quality of governance that affects the supply and demand of employment and the ability of governments to master public spending. Using the general method of moments (GMM) for sixteen OECD countries over the 2005/2018 period, we show that Corruption Perception Index (CPI) reduced significantly the efficiency of ALMP on unemployment rate. This result is found consistent using another corruption proxy, Corruption Kaufmann Index (CKI). Moreover, our estimation suggest that the effectiveness of governance reinforces the effectiveness of ALMP.

We argue that more female candidates on the ballot will decrease the gender participation gap at the polls. We test this hypothesis with data from Italian local elections between 2008 and 2020, taking advantage of a 2012 law requiring at least a third of local council candidates to be women in localities with 5000+ inhabitants. Exploiting the exogenous geographic variation and timing in the implementation of the electoral reform, we evaluate the effect of this exogenously driven variation in women's candidacy on the gendered voting gap. We find a significant and substantively strong causal relationship between the share of women on the ballot and the gendered gap, driven by an increase in women's, but not men's, participation at the polls.

Understanding the mechanism of hydrodynamic cloud cavitation is crucial to reducing noise, vibration and wear. Recent studies have clarified the physics of two distinct formation mechanisms of cloud cavitation. Ganesh et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 802, 2016, pp. 37–78) identified the propagation of bubbly shockwaves as a cloud detachment mechanism. Pelz et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 817, 2017, pp. 439–454) explained the influence of Reynolds number and cavitation number on asymptotic growth of the cavity sheet and its periodic shedding caused by re-entrant flow. In this paper the two mechanisms are set in relation to each other. For this, we show firstly that the transition from re-entrant flow to shockwave-driven cloud cavitation is given by a kinematic condition, namely the asymptotic sheet length equates to the chord length, $\hat {a}=L$. For $\hat {a}>L$ shockwave-driven cloud cavitation dominates. For $\hat {a}< L$ re-entrant flow-driven cloud cavitation dominates. As the cavitation number decreases, the closure region of the cavity sheet reaches the trailing edge of the hydrofoil, identifying the trailing edge as a trigger for condensation shockwaves, particularly as re-entrant flow-driven cavitation diminishes. Since the sheet length is an implicit function of the cavitation number, the kinematic condition $\hat {a}/L=1$ results in a critical cavitation number ${\sigma _\mathrm {II,III}}$ that is calculated analytically and validated by experiments. Secondly, we derive the relationship between the Strouhal number and the asymptotic sheet length for re-entrant flow-driven cloud cavitation. The model presented here is thoroughly validated by experiments.

Historiographical accounts generally explain Belgian technocracy as a short-lived phenomenon of the 1930s, when the politicians Hendrik de Man and Paul van Zeeland unsuccessfully tried to reinforce state power by strengthening the role of experts (at the expense of the parliament). This article focuses on the overlooked ideas and activities of the political scientist Louis Camu, who, also during the 1930s, pushed for technocratic governance – with more success than van Zeeland and de Man. As ‘Royal Commissioner’ for civil service reform, Camu sought to transform Belgian politics and even the morality of the population at large. Yet despite his public prominence, Camu was far from a transparent political operator. While defending a Montesquieuan democracy in public, he covertly became involved in extreme-right politics during the latter years of the 1930s, culminating in his 1940 membership of a wartime reform committee that sought to abolish the liberal democracy.

This article was presented as the Presidential Address at the North American Conference on British Studies in Baltimore in November 2023.

Individuals who experience divorce in childhood are more likely to divorce themselves as adults. Notably, the magnitude of the intergenerational divorce transmission is stronger for groups among whom divorce is rare. This transmission may reflect differences in mating strategies passed from parent to child, or differences in cultural norms between groups. Sociologists and demographers have struggled to disentangle socioeconomic and cultural factors, because groups that are less wealthy also tend to have higher divorce rates. We use data from Finland, where two native ethnolinguistic groups with comparable socioeconomic characteristics - but different divorce risks - live side by side; Swedish speakers and Finnish speakers. Using register data on the entire Finnish population (N=554,337 couples 1987-2020), we examine separation risk as a function of parental divorce. Data suggest that the intergenerational transmission is greater among Swedish speakers, who have an overall lower separation rate. Group differences in separation risk persist even after controlling for socioeconomic factors and each partner’s experience of parental divorce. Notably, Finnish-speaking couples who reside in Swedish-dominated areas have both somewhat lower separation risk, and higher intergenerational transmission than their peers in Finnish-dominated areas. These results point to a cultural transmission of separation, beyond strong socioeconomic factors.

Irony comprehension requires going beyond literal meaning of words and is challenging for children. In this pre-registered study, we investigated how teaching metapragmatic knowledge in classrooms impacts written irony comprehension in 10-year-old Finnish-speaking children (n = 41, 21 girls) compared to a control group (n = 34, 13 girls). At pre-test, children read ironic and literal sentences embedded in stories while their eye movements were recorded. Next, the training group was taught about irony, and the control group was taught about reading comprehension. At post-test, the reading task and eye-tracking were repeated. Irony comprehension improved after metapragmatic training on irony, suggesting that metapragmatic knowledge serves an important role in irony development. However, the eye movement data suggested that training did not change the strategy children used to resolve the ironic meaning. The results highlight the potential of metapragmatic training and have implications for theories of irony comprehension.