Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:22:30.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Integration of negative experiences: A neuropsychological framework for human resilience

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2015

Markus Quirin ,
Martha Kent ,
Maarten A. S. Boksem  and
Mattie Tops
Markus Quirin
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychology, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germanymquirin@uos.dehttp://www.motivationlab.uni-osnabrueck.de/home.html
Martha Kent
Affiliation:
Arizona State University, Tempe, and Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892martha.kent@va.gov
Maarten A. S. Boksem
Affiliation:
Rotterdam & Donders Institute for Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, and Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlandsmaarten@boksem.nl
Mattie Tops
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.tops@vu.nl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We propose that the fundamental mechanism underlying resilience is the integration of novel or negative experiences into internal schemata. This process requires a switch from reactive to predictive control modes, from the brain's salience network to the default mode network. Reappraisal, among other mechanisms, is suggested to facilitate this process.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 38 , 2015 , e116
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrews, P. W. & Thomson, J. A. Jr. (2009) The bright side of being blue: Depression as an adaptation for analyzing complex problems. Psychological Review 116:620–54. doi: 10.1037/a0016242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antonovsky, A. (1987) Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Bach, D. R., Grandjean, D., Sander, D., Herdener, M., Strik, W. K. & Seifritz, E. (2008) The effect of appraisal level on processing of emotional prosody in meaningless speech. NeuroImage 42(2):919–27. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.034.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977) Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 84:191–215.Google Scholar
Buckner, R. L. & Carroll, D. C. (2007) Self-projection and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11:49–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burklund, L. J., Creswell, J. D., Irwin, M. R. & Lieberman, M. D. (2014) The common and distinct neural bases of affect labeling and reappraisal in healthy adults. Frontiers in Psychology 5:221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Creswell, J. D., Way, B. M., Eisenberger, N. I. & Lieberman, M. D. (2007) Neural correlates of dispositional mindfulness during affect labeling. Psychosomatic Medicine 69:560–65.Google Scholar
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1980) Self-determination theory: When mind mediates behavior. Journal of Mind and Behavior 1:33–43.Google Scholar
Downar, J., Crawley, A. P., Mikulis, D. J. & Davis, K. D. (2002) A cortical network sensitive to stimulus salience in a neutral behavioral context across multiple sensory modalities. Journal of Neurophysiology 87(1):615–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankl, V. E. (2004) Man's search for meaning. An introduction to logotherapy. Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Frühholz, S., Ceravolo, L. & Grandjean, D. (2012) Specific brain networks during explicit and implicit decoding of emotional prosody. Cerebral Cortex 22(5):1107–17. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, J. P., Morey, R. A., Petty, C. M., Seth, S., Smoski, M. J., McCarthy, G. & LaBar, K. S. (2010) Staying cool when things get hot: Emotion regulation modulates neural mechanisms of memory encoding. Frontiers of Human Neuroscience 4:230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herwig, U., Kaffenberger, T., Jäncke, L. & Brühl, A. B. (2010) Self-related awareness and emotion regulation. NeuroImage 50(2):734–41.Google Scholar
Kent, M. (2012) From neuron to social context: Restoring resilience as a capacity for good survival. In: The social ecology of resilience: A handbook of theory and practice, ed. Ungar, M., pp. 111–25. Springer.Google Scholar
Kent, M. (2013) Approach/engagement and withdrawal/defense as basic biobehavioral adaptations: Resilient transcendence of a popular duality. In: The resilience handbook: Approaches to stress and trauma, ed. Kent, M., Davis, M. C. & Reich, J. W., pp. 33–43. Routledge.Google Scholar
Koole, S. L. & Jostmann, N. B. (2004) Getting a grip on your feelings: Effects of action orientation and external demands on intuitive affect regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87:974–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhl, J. (2000) A functional-design approach to motivation and self-regulation: The dynamics of personality systems and interactions. In: Handbook of self-regulation, ed. Boekaerts, M. & Pintrich, P. R., pp. 111–69. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kuhl, J. (2011) Adaptive and maladaptive pathways of self-development: Mental health and interactions among personality systems. Psychologia Rozwojowa (Polish Journal of Developmental Psychology) 16:9–31.Google Scholar
Kuhl, J., Quirin, M., & Koole, S. L. (2015) Being someone: The integrated self as a neuropsychological system. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 9:115–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennebaker, J. W. (1993) Putting stress into words: Health, linguistic, and therapeutic implications. Behaviour Research and Therapy 31:539–48.Google Scholar
Quirin, M., Bode, R. C. & Kuhl, J. (2011) Recovering from negative events by boosting implicit positive affect. Cognition and Emotion 25(3):559–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rimé, B. (2009) Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and empirical review. Emotion Review 1(1):60–85.Google Scholar
Rotter, J. B. (1954) Social learning and clinical psychology. Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Salomons, T. V., Johnstone, T., Backonja, M. M., Shackman, A. J. & Davidson, R. J. (2007) Individual differences in the effects of perceived controllability on pain perception: Critical role of the prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19(6):993–1003.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., Railton, P., Baumeister, R. & Sripada, C. (2013) Navigating into the future or driven by the past. Perspectives on Psychological Science 8(2):119–41.Google Scholar
Spreng, R. N., Mar, R. A. & Kim, A. S. (2009) The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode: A quantitative meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21:489–510.Google Scholar
Thompson, R. W., Arnkoff, D. B. & Glass, C. R. (2011) Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma. Trauma Violence Abuse 12(4):220–35.Google Scholar
Tops, M. (2014) Slow life history strategies and slow updating of internal models: The examples of conscientiousness and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Inquiry 25(3–4):376–84.Google Scholar
Tops, M., Boksem, M. A. S., Quirin, M. & Koole, S. L. (2014a) Internally directed cognition and mindfulness: An integrative perspective derived from predictive and reactive control systems theory. Frontiers in Psychology 5:429.Google Scholar
Tops, M., Buisman-Pijlman, F. T. A. & Carter, C. S. (2013a) Oxytocin and attachment facilitate a shift from seeking novelty to recognizing and preferring familiarity: The key to increasing resilience? In: The resilience handbook: Approaches to stress and trauma, ed. Kent, M., Davis, M. C. & Reich, J. W., pp. 115–30. Routledge.Google Scholar
Tops, M., Koole, S. L., IJzerman, H. & Buisman-Pijlman, F. T. A. (2014b) Why social attachment and oxytocin protect against addiction and stress: Insights from the dynamics between ventral and dorsal corticostriatal systems. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 119:39–48.Google Scholar
Tops, M., Luu, P., Boksem, M. A. S. & Tucker, D. M. (2013b) The roles of reactive and predictive behavioral/physiological programs in resilience. In: The resilience handbook: Approaches to stress and trauma, ed. Kent, M., Davis, M. C. & Reich, J. W., pp. 15–32. Routledge.Google Scholar
Torrisi, S. J., Lieberman, M. D., Bookheimer, S. Y. & Altshuler, L. L. (2013) Advancing understanding of affect labeling with dynamic causal modeling. NeuroImage 82: 481–88. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.025.Google Scholar